Merge pull request #185 from shahradelahi/feature/bind-to-interface

This adds a new `interface` configuration option to `doh-client` that allows users to specify a network interface for all outgoing DNS queries (including bootstrap and passthrough traffic).

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Set up Go
       uses: actions/setup-go@v2
       with:
-        go-version: 1.24.3
+        go-version: 1.25.6
       id: go
 
     - name: Check out repository

doh-client/client.go

@@ -90,6 +90,29 @@ func NewClient(conf *config.Config) (c *Client, err error) {
 		Net:     "tcp",
 		Timeout: time.Duration(conf.Other.Timeout) * time.Second,
 	}
+
+	if c.conf.Other.Interface != "" {
+		localV4, localV6, err := c.getInterfaceIPs()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface IPs for %s: %v", c.conf.Other.Interface, err)
+		}
+		var localAddr net.IP
+		if localV4 != nil {
+			localAddr = localV4
+		} else {
+			localAddr = localV6
+		}
+
+		c.udpClient.Dialer = &net.Dialer{
+			Timeout:   time.Duration(conf.Other.Timeout) * time.Second,
+			LocalAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: localAddr},
+		}
+		c.tcpClient.Dialer = &net.Dialer{
+			Timeout:   time.Duration(conf.Other.Timeout) * time.Second,
+			LocalAddr: &net.TCPAddr{IP: localAddr},
+		}
+	}
+
 	for _, addr := range conf.Listen {
 		c.udpServers = append(c.udpServers, &dns.Server{
 			Addr:    addr,
@@ -120,6 +143,38 @@ func NewClient(conf *config.Config) (c *Client, err error) {
 			PreferGo: true,
 			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
 				var d net.Dialer
+				if c.conf.Other.Interface != "" {
+					localV4, localV6, err := c.getInterfaceIPs()
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Printf("Bootstrap dial warning: %v", err)
+					} else {
+						numServers := len(c.bootstrap)
+						bootstrap := c.bootstrap[rand.Intn(numServers)]
+						host, _, _ := net.SplitHostPort(bootstrap)
+						ip := net.ParseIP(host)
+						if ip != nil {
+							if ip.To4() != nil {
+								if localV4 != nil {
+									if strings.HasPrefix(network, "udp") {
+										d.LocalAddr = &net.UDPAddr{IP: localV4}
+									} else {
+										d.LocalAddr = &net.TCPAddr{IP: localV4}
+									}
+								}
+							} else {
+								if localV6 != nil {
+									if strings.HasPrefix(network, "udp") {
+										d.LocalAddr = &net.UDPAddr{IP: localV6}
+									} else {
+										d.LocalAddr = &net.TCPAddr{IP: localV6}
+									}
+								}
+							}
+						}
+						conn, err := d.DialContext(ctx, network, bootstrap)
+						return conn, err
+					}
+				}
 				numServers := len(c.bootstrap)
 				bootstrap := c.bootstrap[rand.Intn(numServers)]
 				conn, err := d.DialContext(ctx, network, bootstrap)
@@ -235,14 +290,72 @@ func (c *Client) newHTTPClient() error {
 	if c.httpTransport != nil {
 		c.httpTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
 	}
-	dialer := &net.Dialer{
+
+	localV4, localV6, err := c.getInterfaceIPs()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Interface binding error: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	baseDialer := &net.Dialer{
 		Timeout:   time.Duration(c.conf.Other.Timeout) * time.Second,
 		KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,
-		// DualStack: true,
+		Resolver:  c.bootstrapResolver,
-		Resolver: c.bootstrapResolver,
 	}
+
 	c.httpTransport = &http.Transport{
-		DialContext:           dialer.DialContext,
+		DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			if c.conf.Other.Interface == "" {
+				return baseDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
+			}
+
+			if network == "tcp4" && localV4 != nil {
+				d := *baseDialer
+				d.LocalAddr = &net.TCPAddr{IP: localV4}
+				return d.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
+			}
+			if network == "tcp6" && localV6 != nil {
+				d := *baseDialer
+				d.LocalAddr = &net.TCPAddr{IP: localV6}
+				return d.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
+			}
+
+			// Manual Dual-Stack: Resolve host and try compatible families sequentially
+			host, port, _ := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+			ips, err := c.bootstrapResolver.LookupIPAddr(ctx, host)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			var lastErr error
+			for _, ip := range ips {
+				d := *baseDialer
+				targetAddr := net.JoinHostPort(ip.String(), port)
+
+				if ip.IP.To4() != nil {
+					if localV4 == nil {
+						continue
+					}
+					d.LocalAddr = &net.TCPAddr{IP: localV4}
+				} else {
+					if localV6 == nil {
+						continue
+					}
+					d.LocalAddr = &net.TCPAddr{IP: localV6}
+				}
+
+				conn, err := d.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", targetAddr)
+				if err == nil {
+					return conn, nil
+				}
+				lastErr = err
+			}
+
+			if lastErr != nil {
+				return nil, lastErr
+			}
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("connection to %s failed: no matching local/remote IP families on interface %s", addr, c.conf.Other.Interface)
+		},
 		ExpectContinueTimeout: 1 * time.Second,
 		IdleConnTimeout:       90 * time.Second,
 		MaxIdleConns:          100,
@@ -251,15 +364,18 @@ func (c *Client) newHTTPClient() error {
 		TLSHandshakeTimeout:   time.Duration(c.conf.Other.Timeout) * time.Second,
 		TLSClientConfig:       &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: c.conf.Other.TLSInsecureSkipVerify},
 	}
+
 	if c.conf.Other.NoIPv6 {
+		originalDial := c.httpTransport.DialContext
 		c.httpTransport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
 			if strings.HasPrefix(network, "tcp") {
 				network = "tcp4"
 			}
-			return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, address)
+			return originalDial(ctx, network, address)
 		}
 	}
-	err := http2.ConfigureTransport(c.httpTransport)
+
+	err = http2.ConfigureTransport(c.httpTransport)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -485,3 +601,38 @@ func (c *Client) findClientIP(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) (ednsClientAddre
 	}
 	return
 }
+
+// getInterfaceIPs returns the first valid IPv4 and IPv6 addresses found on the interface
+func (c *Client) getInterfaceIPs() (v4, v6 net.IP, err error) {
+	if c.conf.Other.Interface == "" {
+		return nil, nil, nil
+	}
+	ifi, err := net.InterfaceByName(c.conf.Other.Interface)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	addrs, err := ifi.Addrs()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		ip, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(addr.String())
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
+			if v4 == nil {
+				v4 = ip4
+			}
+		} else {
+			if v6 == nil && !c.conf.Other.NoIPv6 {
+				v6 = ip
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if v4 == nil && v6 == nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("no valid IP addresses found on interface %s", c.conf.Other.Interface)
+	}
+	return v4, v6, nil
+}

doh-client/config/config.go

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ type others struct {
 	Bootstrap             []string `toml:"bootstrap"`
 	Passthrough           []string `toml:"passthrough"`
 	Timeout               uint     `toml:"timeout"`
+	Interface             string   `toml:"interface"`
 	NoCookies             bool     `toml:"no_cookies"`
 	NoECS                 bool     `toml:"no_ecs"`
 	NoIPv6                bool     `toml:"no_ipv6"`

doh-client/doh-client.conf

@@ -81,7 +81,9 @@ passthrough = [
     "captive.apple.com",
     "connectivitycheck.gstatic.com",
     "detectportal.firefox.com",
+    "globalreachtech.com",
     "msftconnecttest.com",
+    "network-auth.com",
     "nmcheck.gnome.org",
 
     "pool.ntp.org",
@@ -95,6 +97,11 @@ passthrough = [
 # Timeout for upstream request in seconds
 timeout = 30
 
+# Interface to bind to for outgoing connections.
+# If empty, the system default route is used (usually eth0 or wlan0).
+# Example: "eth1", "wlan0"
+interface = ""
+
 # Disable HTTP Cookies
 #
 # Cookies may be useful if your upstream resolver is protected by some

go.mod

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 module github.com/m13253/dns-over-https/v2
 
-go 1.24
+go 1.24.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0
 	github.com/gorilla/handlers v1.5.2
 	github.com/infobloxopen/go-trees v0.0.0-20221216143356-66ceba885ebc
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.66
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.70
-	golang.org/x/net v0.40.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.49.0
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.32.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.14.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.25.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.33.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.41.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0 h1:W5quZX/G/csjUnuI8SUYlsHs9M38FC7znL0lIO+DvMg=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0 h1:dRaEfpa2VI55EwlIW72hMRHdWouJeRF7TPYhI+AUQjk=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2Wg=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4/go.mod h1:m8KPJKqk1gH5J9DgRY2ASl2lWCfGKXixSwevea8zH2U=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
@@ -8,21 +8,23 @@ github.com/gorilla/handlers v1.5.2 h1:cLTUSsNkgcwhgRqvCNmdbRWG0A3N4F+M2nWKdScwyE
 github.com/gorilla/handlers v1.5.2/go.mod h1:dX+xVpaxdSw+q0Qek8SSsl3dfMk3jNddUkMzo0GtH0w=
 github.com/infobloxopen/go-trees v0.0.0-20221216143356-66ceba885ebc h1:RhT2pjLo3EVRmldbEcBdeRA7CGPWsNEJC+Y/N1aXQbg=
 github.com/infobloxopen/go-trees v0.0.0-20221216143356-66ceba885ebc/go.mod h1:BaIJzjD2ZnHmx2acPF6XfGLPzNCMiBbMRqJr+8/8uRI=
-github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.66 h1:FeZXOS3VCVsKnEAd+wBkjMC3D2K+ww66Cq3VnCINuJE=
+github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.70 h1:DZ4u2AV35VJxdD9Fo9fIWm119BsQL5cZU1cQ9s0LkqA=
-github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.66/go.mod h1:jGFzBsSNbJw6z1HYut1RKBKHA9PBdxeHrZG8J+gC2WE=
+github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.70/go.mod h1:+EuEPhdHOsfk6Wk5TT2CzssZdqkmFhf8r+aVyDEToIs=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0 h1:ZfthKaKaT4NrhGVZHO1/WDTwGES4De8KtWO0SIbNJMU=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.32.0 h1:9F4d3PHLljb6x//jOyokMv3eX+YDeepZSEo3mFJy93c=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0/go.mod h1:IXM97Txy2VM4PJ3gI61r1YEk/gAj6zAHN3AdZt6S9Ww=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.32.0/go.mod h1:SgipZ/3h2Ci89DlEtEXWUk/HteuRin+HHhN+WbNhguU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.40.0 h1:79Xs7wF06Gbdcg4kdCCIQArK11Z1hr5POQ6+fIYHNuY=
+golang.org/x/net v0.49.0 h1:eeHFmOGUTtaaPSGNmjBKpbng9MulQsJURQUAfUwY++o=
-golang.org/x/net v0.40.0/go.mod h1:y0hY0exeL2Pku80/zKK7tpntoX23cqL3Oa6njdgRtds=
+golang.org/x/net v0.49.0/go.mod h1:/ysNB2EvaqvesRkuLAyjI1ycPZlQHM3q01F02UY/MV8=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.14.0 h1:woo0S4Yywslg6hp4eUFjTVOyKt0RookbpAHG4c1HmhQ=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 h1:vV+1eWNmZ5geRlYjzm2adRgW2/mcpevXNg50YZtPCE4=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.14.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 h1:q3i8TbbEz+JRD9ywIRlyRAQbM0qF7hu24q3teo2hbuw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0 h1:DBZZqJ2Rkml6QMQsZywtnjnnGvHza6BTfYFWY9kjEWQ=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
-golang.org/x/text v0.25.0 h1:qVyWApTSYLk/drJRO5mDlNYskwQznZmkpV2c8q9zls4=
+golang.org/x/text v0.33.0 h1:B3njUFyqtHDUI5jMn1YIr5B0IE2U0qck04r6d4KPAxE=
-golang.org/x/text v0.25.0/go.mod h1:WEdwpYrmk1qmdHvhkSTNPm3app7v4rsT8F2UD6+VHIA=
+golang.org/x/text v0.33.0/go.mod h1:LuMebE6+rBincTi9+xWTY8TztLzKHc/9C1uBCG27+q8=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0 h1:4qz2S3zmRxbGIhDIAgjxvFutSvH5EfnsYrRBj0UI0bc=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.41.0 h1:a9b8iMweWG+S0OBnlU36rzLp20z1Rp10w+IY2czHTQc=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0/go.mod h1:CIJMaWEY88juyUfo7UbgPqbC8rU2OqfAV1h2Qp0oMYI=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.41.0/go.mod h1:XSY6eDqxVNiYgezAVqqCeihT4j1U2CCsqvH3WhQpnlg=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0 h1:clyUAQHOM3G0M3f5vQj7LuJrETvjVot3Z5el9nffUtU=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=