diff --git a/pkg/sfu/bwe/sendsidebwe/congestion_detector.go b/pkg/sfu/bwe/sendsidebwe/congestion_detector.go
index 720d4adc2..868d63555 100644
--- a/pkg/sfu/bwe/sendsidebwe/congestion_detector.go
+++ b/pkg/sfu/bwe/sendsidebwe/congestion_detector.go
@@ -689,13 +689,17 @@ func (c *congestionDetector) HandleTWCCFeedback(report *rtcp.TransportLayerCC) {
 	processSymbol := func(symbol uint16) {
 		recvTime := int64(0)
 		isLost := false
-		if symbol != rtcp.TypeTCCPacketNotReceived {
+		if symbol == rtcp.TypeTCCPacketNotReceived {
+			isLost = true
+		} else if (symbol == rtcp.TypeTCCPacketReceivedSmallDelta || symbol == rtcp.TypeTCCPacketReceivedLargeDelta) && deltaIdx < len(report.RecvDeltas) {
 			recvRefTime += report.RecvDeltas[deltaIdx].Delta
 			deltaIdx++
 
 			recvTime = recvRefTime
 		} else {
-			isLost = true
+			// the reserved symbol carries no receive delta, nothing to record
+			sequenceNumber++
+			return
 		}
 		pi, sendDelta, recvDelta := c.packetTracker.RecordPacketIndicationFromRemote(sequenceNumber, recvTime)
 		if pi.sendTime != 0 {
diff --git a/pkg/sfu/bwe/sendsidebwe/congestion_detector_test.go b/pkg/sfu/bwe/sendsidebwe/congestion_detector_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d36a144d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/sfu/bwe/sendsidebwe/congestion_detector_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Copyright 2026 LiveKit, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package sendsidebwe
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pion/rtcp"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/livekit/protocol/logger"
+	"github.com/livekit/protocol/utils/mono"
+
+	"github.com/livekit/livekit-server/pkg/sfu/ccutils"
+)
+
+// the reserved symbol has no receive delta, so its packet is neither acked nor lost,
+// and the next received packet uses the next delta
+func TestHandleTWCCFeedbackReservedSymbol(t *testing.T) {
+	// small delta, reserved, reserved, small delta, not received
+	for name, chunks := range map[string][]rtcp.PacketStatusChunk{
+		"status vector": {
+			&rtcp.StatusVectorChunk{
+				SymbolSize: rtcp.TypeTCCSymbolSizeTwoBit,
+				SymbolList: []uint16{
+					rtcp.TypeTCCPacketReceivedSmallDelta,
+					rtcp.TypeTCCPacketReceivedWithoutDelta,
+					rtcp.TypeTCCPacketReceivedWithoutDelta,
+					rtcp.TypeTCCPacketReceivedSmallDelta,
+					rtcp.TypeTCCPacketNotReceived,
+					rtcp.TypeTCCPacketNotReceived,
+					rtcp.TypeTCCPacketNotReceived,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		"run length": {
+			&rtcp.RunLengthChunk{PacketStatusSymbol: rtcp.TypeTCCPacketReceivedSmallDelta, RunLength: 1},
+			&rtcp.RunLengthChunk{PacketStatusSymbol: rtcp.TypeTCCPacketReceivedWithoutDelta, RunLength: 2},
+			&rtcp.RunLengthChunk{PacketStatusSymbol: rtcp.TypeTCCPacketReceivedSmallDelta, RunLength: 1},
+			&rtcp.RunLengthChunk{PacketStatusSymbol: rtcp.TypeTCCPacketNotReceived, RunLength: 1},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := newCongestionDetector(congestionDetectorParams{
+				Config: defaultCongestionDetectorConfig,
+				Logger: logger.GetLogger(),
+			})
+			// the first packet sent is the send time base and never joins a group, so keep it out of the report
+			now := mono.UnixMicro()
+			c.RecordPacketSendAndGetSequenceNumber(now, 1200, false, ccutils.ProbeClusterIdInvalid, false)
+			sns := make([]uint16, 5)
+			for i := range sns {
+				sns[i] = c.RecordPacketSendAndGetSequenceNumber(now+int64(i+1)*1000, 1200, false, ccutils.ProbeClusterIdInvalid, false)
+			}
+
+			fb := &rtcp.TransportLayerCC{
+				Header: rtcp.Header{
+					Count: rtcp.FormatTCC,
+					Type:  rtcp.TypeTransportSpecificFeedback,
+				},
+				MediaSSRC:          1,
+				BaseSequenceNumber: sns[0],
+				PacketStatusCount:  uint16(len(sns)),
+				ReferenceTime:      100,
+				FbPktCount:         1,
+				PacketChunks:       chunks,
+				RecvDeltas: []*rtcp.RecvDelta{
+					{Type: rtcp.TypeTCCPacketReceivedSmallDelta, Delta: 1000},
+					{Type: rtcp.TypeTCCPacketReceivedSmallDelta, Delta: 2000},
+				},
+			}
+			fb.Header.Padding = fb.MarshalSize()%4 != 0
+			fb.Header.Length = uint16(fb.MarshalSize()/4 - 1)
+
+			// round trip so the report is exactly what a remote peer can deliver
+			raw, err := fb.Marshal()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			pkts, err := rtcp.Unmarshal(raw)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.NotPanics(t, func() { c.HandleTWCCFeedback(pkts[0].(*rtcp.TransportLayerCC)) })
+
+			// receive time is relative to the first received packet
+			require.Equal(t, int64(2000), c.packetTracker.getPacketInfoExisting(sns[3]).recvTime)
+
+			acked, lost := 0, 0
+			for _, pg := range c.packetGroups {
+				acked += pg.acked.numPackets()
+				lost += pg.lost.numPackets()
+			}
+			require.Equal(t, 2, acked)
+			require.Equal(t, 1, lost)
+		})
+	}
+}