diff --git a/db.js b/db.js
index c304804a..f5c0d3e1 100644
--- a/db.js
+++ b/db.js
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ db.exec(`
   CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_observations_transmission_id ON observations(transmission_id);
   CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_observations_observer_id ON observations(observer_id);
   CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_observations_timestamp ON observations(timestamp);
+  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_observations_dedup ON observations(hash, observer_id, path_json);
 `);
 
 // --- Migrations for existing DBs ---
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ const stmts = {
   `),
   updateTransmissionFirstSeen: db.prepare(`UPDATE transmissions SET first_seen = @first_seen WHERE id = @id`),
   insertObservation: db.prepare(`
-    INSERT INTO observations (transmission_id, hash, observer_id, observer_name, direction, snr, rssi, score, path_json, timestamp)
+    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO observations (transmission_id, hash, observer_id, observer_name, direction, snr, rssi, score, path_json, timestamp)
     VALUES (@transmission_id, @hash, @observer_id, @observer_name, @direction, @snr, @rssi, @score, @path_json, @timestamp)
   `),
 };
diff --git a/packet-store.js b/packet-store.js
index bb8e0462..4cb08383 100644
--- a/packet-store.js
+++ b/packet-store.js
@@ -214,6 +214,10 @@ class PacketStore {
       decoded_json: pkt.decoded_json,
       route_type: pkt.route_type,
     };
+    // Dedup: skip if same observer + same path already recorded for this transmission
+    const isDupe = tx.observations.some(o => o.observer_id === obs.observer_id && o.path_json === obs.path_json);
+    if (isDupe) return tx;
+
     tx.observations.push(obs);
     tx.observation_count++;