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proxmark3/client/src/cmdhfvas.c
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Niel Nielsen 9df1c62ec5 Add files via upload 
Signed-off-by: Niel Nielsen <nieldk@gmail.com>
2026-09-01 17:57:31 +02:00

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//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (C) Proxmark3 contributors. See AUTHORS.md for details.
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// See LICENSE.txt for the text of the license.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// An implementation of the Value Added Service protocol
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "cmdhfvas.h"
#include "cliparser.h"
#include "cmdparser.h"
#include "comms.h"
#include "ansi.h"
#include "cmdhf14a.h"
#include "emv/tlv.h"
#include "iso7816/apduinfo.h"
#include "ui.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "util_posix.h"
#include "iso7816/iso7816core.h"
#include "crc16.h"
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include "mifare.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "crypto/libpcrypto.h"
#include "mbedtls/ecp.h"
#include "mbedtls/bignum.h"
#include "mbedtls/ecdh.h"
#include "mbedtls/ecc_point_compression.h"
#include "mbedtls/gcm.h"
#include "mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h"
#include "mbedtls/entropy.h"
#define VAS_MAX_KEY_INPUT 8192
#define VAS_MAX_PID_ITEMS 8
#define VAS_MAX_KEY_ITEMS 16
#define VAS_MAX_MOBILE_TOKEN_LEN 32
#define VAS_MAX_CRYPTOGRAM_LEN 256
static const iso14a_polling_frame_t WUPA_FRAME = {
.frame = { 0x52 },
.frame_length = 1,
.last_byte_bits = 7,
.extra_delay = 0,
};
static const iso14a_polling_frame_t ECP_VAS_ONLY_FRAME = {
.frame = {0x6a, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xe4, 0xd2},
.frame_length = 7,
.last_byte_bits = 8,
.extra_delay = 0,
};
enum {
VAS_MODE_VAS_OR_PAY = 0x00,
VAS_MODE_VAS_AND_PAY = 0x01,
VAS_MODE_VAS_ONLY = 0x02,
};
static int vas_parse_mode(const char *mode_text, uint8_t *mode_out) {
if (mode_out == NULL) {
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
if (mode_text == NULL || *mode_text == '\0' || strcmp(mode_text, "vasonly") == 0 || strcmp(mode_text, "vas") == 0) {
*mode_out = VAS_MODE_VAS_ONLY;
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
if (strcmp(mode_text, "vasandpay") == 0) {
*mode_out = VAS_MODE_VAS_AND_PAY;
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
if (strcmp(mode_text, "vasorpay") == 0) {
*mode_out = VAS_MODE_VAS_OR_PAY;
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Invalid mode '%s' (expected: vasorpay, vasandpay, vasonly)", mode_text);
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
static void vas_build_ecp_frame(uint8_t vas_mode, iso14a_polling_frame_t *frame_out) {
if (frame_out == NULL) {
return;
}
memset(frame_out, 0, sizeof(*frame_out));
frame_out->frame[0] = 0x6a;
frame_out->frame[1] = 0x01;
frame_out->frame[2] = 0x00;
frame_out->frame[3] = 0x00;
frame_out->frame[4] = vas_mode;
compute_crc(CRC_14443_A, frame_out->frame, 5, &frame_out->frame[5], &frame_out->frame[6]);
frame_out->frame_length = 7;
frame_out->last_byte_bits = 8;
frame_out->extra_delay = 0;
}
static const uint8_t aid[] = { 0x4f, 0x53, 0x45, 0x2e, 0x56, 0x41, 0x53, 0x2e, 0x30, 0x31 };
static const uint8_t getVasUrlOnlyP2 = 0x00;
static const uint8_t getVasFullReqP2 = 0x01;
static const uint8_t kVasEncryptedDataLabel[27] = "ApplePay encrypted VAS data";
static const uint8_t kVasAesGcmLabel[13] = "id-aes256-GCM";
static bool VASWalletTypeIsApplePay(const uint8_t *walletType, size_t walletTypeLen) {
static const uint8_t applePayWalletType[] = "ApplePay";
return walletType != NULL
&& walletTypeLen == (sizeof(applePayWalletType) - 1)
&& memcmp(walletType, applePayWalletType, sizeof(applePayWalletType) - 1) == 0;
}
static const uint16_t VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE = 0xFFFF;
static void PrintVASFeatureBit(const char *bits, uint8_t mask, uint8_t bit, const char *enabled, const char *disabled) {
const bool is_enabled = (mask & (1U << bit)) != 0;
const int pad = 7 - bit;
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, " %s",
sprint_breakdown_bin(is_enabled ? C_GREEN : C_NONE, bits, 8, pad, 1, is_enabled ? enabled : disabled));
}
static void PrintVASCapabilitiesValue(const char *label, uint8_t mask) {
if (label == NULL || *label == '\0') {
label = "Capabilities";
}
const char *bits = sprint_bin(&mask, 1);
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "%s " _YELLOW_("%s") " (" _YELLOW_("0x%02X") ")", label, bits, mask);
PrintVASFeatureBit(bits, mask, 7, "Reserved/unknown bit set", "Reserved/unknown bit clear");
PrintVASFeatureBit(bits, mask, 6, "Reserved/unknown bit set", "Reserved/unknown bit clear");
PrintVASFeatureBit(bits, mask, 5, "Payment may be performed", "Payment may not be performed");
PrintVASFeatureBit(bits, mask, 4, "Payment may be skipped", "Payment may not be skipped");
PrintVASFeatureBit(bits, mask, 3, "VAS may be performed", "VAS may not be performed");
PrintVASFeatureBit(bits, mask, 2, "VAS may be skipped", "VAS may not be skipped");
PrintVASFeatureBit(bits, mask, 1, "Encrypted VAS data supported", "Encrypted VAS data not supported");
PrintVASFeatureBit(bits, mask, 0, "Plaintext VAS data supported", "Plaintext VAS data not supported");
}
static const char *vas_status_name(uint16_t sw) {
static char unknown_status_name[20] = {0};
switch (sw) {
case VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE:
return "N/A";
case 0x9000:
return "OK";
case 0x6100:
return "WARNING_NO_DATA_RETURNED";
case 0x6287:
return "DATA_NOT_ACTIVATED";
case 0x6982:
return "SECURITY_STATUS_NOT_SATISFIED";
case 0x6984:
return "USER_INTERVENTION_REQUIRED";
case 0x6A81:
return "FUNCTION_NOT_SUPPORTED";
case 0x6A82:
return "FILE_NOT_FOUND";
case 0x6700:
return "WRONG_LC_FIELD";
case 0x6A80:
return "INCORRECT_DATA";
case 0x6A83:
return "DATA_NOT_FOUND";
case 0x6B00:
return "WRONG_PARAMETERS";
}
snprintf(unknown_status_name, sizeof(unknown_status_name), "UNKNOWN (0x%04X)", sw);
return unknown_status_name;
}
static bool vas_status_is_success(uint16_t sw) {
const uint8_t sw1 = (uint8_t)(sw >> 8);
return (sw1 == 0x90) || (sw1 == 0x91);
}
static void PrintVASStatusLine(const char *label, uint16_t sw) {
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "%s " _YELLOW_("%04X") " (%s)", label, sw, vas_status_name(sw));
}
static const char *vas_status_meaning(uint16_t sw) {
switch (sw) {
case VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE:
return "No ISO14443-A card in field";
case 0x6287:
return "Data not activated (device locked or authentication required)";
case 0x6984:
return "User intervention/selection required";
case 0x6A83:
return "Data not found for this pass identifier";
case 0x9000:
return "Success";
default:
return "Request failed";
}
}
static void PrintVASFailureReason(uint16_t select_status, uint16_t get_data_status) {
if (select_status == VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE && get_data_status == VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE) {
PrintAndLogEx(WARNING, "%s: %s", vas_status_name(VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE), vas_status_meaning(VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE));
} else if (select_status != 0x9000) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "%s: OSE/VAS applet not selected", vas_status_name(select_status));
} else if (get_data_status != VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "%s: %s", vas_status_name(get_data_status), vas_status_meaning(get_data_status));
}
}
static int ParseSelectVASResponse(const uint8_t *response, size_t resLen, uint8_t *capabilitiesOut) {
struct tlvdb *tlvRoot = tlvdb_parse_multi(response, resLen);
const struct tlvdb *versionTlv = tlvdb_find_full(tlvRoot, 0x9F21);
if (versionTlv == NULL) {
tlvdb_free(tlvRoot);
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
const struct tlv *version = tlvdb_get_tlv(versionTlv);
if (version->len != 2) {
tlvdb_free(tlvRoot);
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
if (version->value[0] != 0x01 || version->value[1] != 0x00) {
tlvdb_free(tlvRoot);
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
const struct tlvdb *capabilitiesTlv = tlvdb_find_full(tlvRoot, 0x9F23);
if (capabilitiesTlv == NULL) {
tlvdb_free(tlvRoot);
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
const struct tlv *capabilities = tlvdb_get_tlv(capabilitiesTlv);
if (capabilities->len != 4
|| capabilities->value[0] != 0x00
|| capabilities->value[1] != 0x00
|| capabilities->value[2] != 0x00
|| (capabilities->value[3] & 8) == 0) {
tlvdb_free(tlvRoot);
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
if (capabilitiesOut != NULL) {
*capabilitiesOut = capabilities->value[3];
}
tlvdb_free(tlvRoot);
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
static int PrintVASSelectInfo(const uint8_t *response, size_t responseLen, bool verbose) {
struct tlvdb *tlvRoot = tlvdb_parse_multi(response, responseLen);
if (tlvRoot == NULL) {
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
bool skip_vas_details = false;
const struct tlvdb *walletTypeTlv = tlvdb_find_full(tlvRoot, 0x50);
if (walletTypeTlv != NULL) {
const struct tlv *walletType = tlvdb_get_tlv(walletTypeTlv);
if (VASWalletTypeIsApplePay(walletType->value, walletType->len) == false) {
PrintAndLogEx(WARNING, "Wallet type is not ApplePay. This likely isn't Apple VAS.");
skip_vas_details = true;
}
}
if (verbose) {
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "");
PrintAndLogInfoHeader("OSE Information");
if (walletTypeTlv == NULL) {
PrintAndLogEx(WARNING, "Wallet type.......... " _YELLOW_("not present"));
} else {
const struct tlv *walletType = tlvdb_get_tlv(walletTypeTlv);
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "Wallet type.......... " _YELLOW_("%s"), sprint_ascii(walletType->value, walletType->len));
}
}
if (verbose && skip_vas_details == false) {
const struct tlvdb *versionTlv = tlvdb_find_full(tlvRoot, 0x9F21);
if (versionTlv == NULL) {
PrintAndLogEx(WARNING, "VAS version.......... " _YELLOW_("not present"));
} else {
const struct tlv *version = tlvdb_get_tlv(versionTlv);
if (version->len == 2) {
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "VAS version.......... " _YELLOW_("%d.%d"), version->value[0], version->value[1]);
} else {
PrintAndLogEx(WARNING, "VAS version.......... " _YELLOW_("invalid length (%zu)"), version->len);
}
}
const struct tlvdb *nonceTlv = tlvdb_find_full(tlvRoot, 0x9F24);
if (nonceTlv == NULL) {
PrintAndLogEx(WARNING, "Device nonce......... " _YELLOW_("not present"));
} else {
const struct tlv *nonce = tlvdb_get_tlv(nonceTlv);
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "Device nonce......... " _YELLOW_("%s"), sprint_hex_inrow(nonce->value, nonce->len));
if (nonce->len != 4) {
PrintAndLogEx(WARNING, "Device nonce......... " _YELLOW_("unexpected length (%zu)"), nonce->len);
}
}
const struct tlvdb *capabilitiesTlv = tlvdb_find_full(tlvRoot, 0x9F23);
if (capabilitiesTlv == NULL) {
PrintAndLogEx(WARNING, "Mobile capabilities.. " _YELLOW_("not present"));
} else {
const struct tlv *capabilities = tlvdb_get_tlv(capabilitiesTlv);
if (capabilities->len != 4) {
PrintAndLogEx(WARNING, "Mobile capabilities.. " _YELLOW_("invalid length (%zu)"), capabilities->len);
} else {
PrintVASCapabilitiesValue("Mobile capabilities..", capabilities->value[3]);
}
}
}
tlvdb_free(tlvRoot);
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
static int CreateGetVASDataCommand(const uint8_t *pidHash, const char *url, size_t urlLen, uint8_t vas_mode, bool isFinalRequest, uint8_t *out, int *outLen) {
if (pidHash == NULL && url == NULL) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Must provide a Pass Type ID or a URL");
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
if (url != NULL && urlLen > 256) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "URL must be less than 256 characters");
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
const uint8_t p2 = pidHash == NULL ? getVasUrlOnlyP2 : getVasFullReqP2;
size_t reqTlvLen = 19 + (pidHash != NULL ? 35 : 0) + (url != NULL ? 3 + urlLen : 0);
uint8_t *reqTlv = calloc(reqTlvLen, sizeof(uint8_t));
if (reqTlv == NULL) {
PrintAndLogEx(WARNING, "Failed to allocate memory");
return PM3_EMALLOC;
}
uint8_t version[] = {0x9F, 0x22, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00};
memcpy(reqTlv, version, sizeof(version));
uint8_t terminalNonce[] = {0x9F, 0x28, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
terminalNonce[3 + i] = (uint8_t)(rand() & 0xFF);
}
memcpy(reqTlv + sizeof(version), terminalNonce, sizeof(terminalNonce));
uint8_t capabilitiesMask = (isFinalRequest ? 0x00 : 0x80) | (vas_mode & 0x03);
uint8_t terminalCapabilities[] = {0x9F, 0x26, 0x04, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, capabilitiesMask};
memcpy(reqTlv + sizeof(version) + sizeof(terminalNonce), terminalCapabilities, sizeof(terminalCapabilities));
if (pidHash != NULL) {
size_t offset = sizeof(version) + sizeof(terminalNonce) + sizeof(terminalCapabilities);
reqTlv[offset] = 0x9F;
reqTlv[offset + 1] = 0x25;
reqTlv[offset + 2] = 32;
memcpy(reqTlv + offset + 3, pidHash, 32);
}
if (url != NULL) {
size_t offset = sizeof(version) + sizeof(terminalNonce) + sizeof(terminalCapabilities) + (pidHash != NULL ? 35 : 0);
reqTlv[offset] = 0x9F;
reqTlv[offset + 1] = 0x29;
reqTlv[offset + 2] = urlLen;
memcpy(reqTlv + offset + 3, url, urlLen);
}
out[0] = 0x80;
out[1] = 0xCA;
out[2] = 0x01;
out[3] = p2;
out[4] = reqTlvLen;
memcpy(out + 5, reqTlv, reqTlvLen);
out[5 + reqTlvLen] = 0x00;
*outLen = 6 + reqTlvLen;
free(reqTlv);
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
static int ParseGetVASDataResponse(const uint8_t *res, size_t resLen,
bool requireCryptogram,
uint8_t *mobileToken, size_t *mobileTokenLen,
uint8_t *cryptogram, size_t *cryptogramLen) {
struct tlvdb *tlvRoot = tlvdb_parse_multi(res, resLen);
if (tlvRoot == NULL) {
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
bool has_payload = false;
if (mobileTokenLen != NULL) {
*mobileTokenLen = 0;
}
const struct tlvdb *mobileTokenTlvdb = tlvdb_find_full(tlvRoot, 0x9F2A);
if (mobileTokenTlvdb != NULL && mobileToken != NULL && mobileTokenLen != NULL) {
const struct tlv *mobileTokenTlv = tlvdb_get_tlv(mobileTokenTlvdb);
if (mobileTokenTlv->len > VAS_MAX_MOBILE_TOKEN_LEN) {
tlvdb_free(tlvRoot);
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
memcpy(mobileToken, mobileTokenTlv->value, mobileTokenTlv->len);
*mobileTokenLen = mobileTokenTlv->len;
has_payload = true;
}
const struct tlvdb *cryptogramTlvdb = tlvdb_find_full(tlvRoot, 0x9F27);
if (cryptogramTlvdb == NULL) {
tlvdb_free(tlvRoot);
if (requireCryptogram || !has_payload) {
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
if (cryptogram != NULL && cryptogramLen != NULL) {
const struct tlv *cryptogramTlv = tlvdb_get_tlv(cryptogramTlvdb);
if (cryptogramTlv->len > VAS_MAX_CRYPTOGRAM_LEN) {
tlvdb_free(tlvRoot);
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
memcpy(cryptogram, cryptogramTlv->value, cryptogramTlv->len);
*cryptogramLen = cryptogramTlv->len;
has_payload = true;
}
tlvdb_free(tlvRoot);
if (!has_payload) {
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
static int LoadReaderPrivateKey(const char *input_or_path, mbedtls_ecp_keypair *privKey) {
uint8_t key_d[32] = {0};
int res = ensure_ec_private_key(input_or_path, MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP256R1, key_d, sizeof(key_d));
if (res != PM3_SUCCESS) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Invalid private key input");
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "Accepted formats:");
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, " 1) PEM string with headers (BEGIN PRIVATE KEY)");
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, " 2) DER bytes as hex or base64");
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, " 3) Scalar as hex or base64");
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, " 4) File path to a key in any of the formats above");
return res;
}
mbedtls_entropy_context entropy;
mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context ctr_drbg;
mbedtls_entropy_init(&entropy);
mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init(&ctr_drbg);
static const uint8_t personalization[] = "pm3-vas";
int ret = mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed(&ctr_drbg, mbedtls_entropy_func, &entropy,
personalization, sizeof(personalization) - 1);
if (ret != 0) {
mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free(&ctr_drbg);
mbedtls_entropy_free(&entropy);
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Unable to initialize random generator for key derivation");
return PM3_ESOFT;
}
ret = mbedtls_ecp_group_load(&privKey->grp, MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP256R1);
if (ret == 0) {
ret = mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&privKey->d, key_d, sizeof(key_d));
}
if (ret == 0) {
ret = mbedtls_ecp_check_privkey(&privKey->grp, &privKey->d);
}
if (ret == 0) {
ret = mbedtls_ecp_mul(&privKey->grp, &privKey->Q, &privKey->d, &privKey->grp.G,
mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &ctr_drbg);
}
mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free(&ctr_drbg);
mbedtls_entropy_free(&entropy);
if (ret != 0 || mbedtls_ecp_check_pubkey(&privKey->grp, &privKey->Q) != 0) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "VAS protocol requires a valid private key on curve P-256");
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
static int GetPrivateKeyId(mbedtls_ecp_keypair *privKey, uint8_t *keyId) {
uint8_t xcoord[32] = {0};
if (mbedtls_mpi_write_binary(&privKey->Q.X, xcoord, sizeof(xcoord))) {
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
uint8_t hash[32] = {0};
sha256hash(xcoord, 32, hash);
memcpy(keyId, hash, 4);
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
static int LoadMobileEphemeralKey(const uint8_t *xcoordBuf, mbedtls_ecp_keypair *pubKey) {
uint8_t compressedEcKey[33] = {0};
compressedEcKey[0] = 0x02;
memcpy(compressedEcKey + 1, xcoordBuf, 32);
uint8_t decompressedEcKey[65] = {0};
size_t decompressedEcKeyLen = 0;
if (mbedtls_ecp_decompress(&pubKey->grp, compressedEcKey, sizeof(compressedEcKey), decompressedEcKey, &decompressedEcKeyLen, sizeof(decompressedEcKey))) {
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
if (mbedtls_ecp_point_read_binary(&pubKey->grp, &pubKey->Q, decompressedEcKey, decompressedEcKeyLen)) {
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
static int internalVasDecrypt(uint8_t *cipherText, size_t cipherTextLen, uint8_t *sharedSecret,
const uint8_t *ansiSharedInfo, size_t ansiSharedInfoLen,
const uint8_t *gcmAad, size_t gcmAadLen, uint8_t *out, size_t *outLen) {
uint8_t key[32] = {0};
if (ansi_x963_sha256(sharedSecret, 32, (uint8_t *)ansiSharedInfo, ansiSharedInfoLen, sizeof(key), key)) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "ANSI X9.63 key derivation failed");
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
uint8_t iv[16] = {0};
mbedtls_gcm_context gcmCtx;
mbedtls_gcm_init(&gcmCtx);
if (mbedtls_gcm_setkey(&gcmCtx, MBEDTLS_CIPHER_ID_AES, key, sizeof(key) * 8)) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Unable to use key in GCM context");
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
if (mbedtls_gcm_auth_decrypt(&gcmCtx, cipherTextLen - 16, iv, sizeof(iv), gcmAad, gcmAadLen, cipherText + cipherTextLen - 16, 16, cipherText, out)) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Failed to perform GCM decryption");
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
mbedtls_gcm_free(&gcmCtx);
*outLen = cipherTextLen - 16;
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
static int DecryptVASCryptogram(uint8_t *pidHash, uint8_t *cryptogram, size_t cryptogramLen, mbedtls_ecp_keypair *privKey, uint8_t *out, size_t *outLen, uint32_t *timestamp) {
uint8_t keyId[4] = {0};
if (GetPrivateKeyId(privKey, keyId) != PM3_SUCCESS) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Unable to generate key id");
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
if (memcmp(keyId, cryptogram, 4) != 0) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Private key does not match cryptogram");
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "Key identifier........... " _YELLOW_("%s"), sprint_hex_inrow(keyId, sizeof(keyId)));
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "Cryptogram data........ " _YELLOW_("%s"), sprint_hex_inrow(cryptogram, cryptogramLen));
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
mbedtls_ecp_keypair mobilePubKey;
mbedtls_ecp_keypair_init(&mobilePubKey);
if (mbedtls_ecp_group_load(&mobilePubKey.grp, privKey->grp.id) != 0) {
mbedtls_ecp_keypair_free(&mobilePubKey);
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Unable to initialize mobile ephemeral key");
return PM3_ESOFT;
}
if (LoadMobileEphemeralKey(cryptogram + 4, &mobilePubKey) != PM3_SUCCESS) {
mbedtls_ecp_keypair_free(&mobilePubKey);
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Unable to parse mobile ephemeral key from cryptogram");
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
mbedtls_mpi sharedSecret;
mbedtls_mpi_init(&sharedSecret);
if (mbedtls_ecdh_compute_shared(&privKey->grp, &sharedSecret, &mobilePubKey.Q, &privKey->d, NULL, NULL)) {
mbedtls_mpi_free(&sharedSecret);
mbedtls_ecp_keypair_free(&mobilePubKey);
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Failed to generate ECDH shared secret");
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
mbedtls_ecp_keypair_free(&mobilePubKey);
uint8_t sharedSecretBytes[32] = {0};
if (mbedtls_mpi_write_binary(&sharedSecret, sharedSecretBytes, sizeof(sharedSecretBytes))) {
mbedtls_mpi_free(&sharedSecret);
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Failed to generate ECDH shared secret");
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
mbedtls_mpi_free(&sharedSecret);
uint8_t method1SharedInfo[1 + sizeof(kVasAesGcmLabel) + sizeof(kVasEncryptedDataLabel) + 32] = {0};
method1SharedInfo[0] = sizeof(kVasAesGcmLabel);
memcpy(method1SharedInfo + 1, kVasAesGcmLabel, sizeof(kVasAesGcmLabel));
memcpy(method1SharedInfo + 1 + sizeof(kVasAesGcmLabel), kVasEncryptedDataLabel, sizeof(kVasEncryptedDataLabel));
memcpy(method1SharedInfo + 1 + sizeof(kVasAesGcmLabel) + sizeof(kVasEncryptedDataLabel), pidHash, 32);
uint8_t decryptedData[68] = {0};
size_t decryptedDataLen = 0;
if (internalVasDecrypt(cryptogram + 4 + 32, cryptogramLen - 4 - 32, sharedSecretBytes, method1SharedInfo, sizeof(method1SharedInfo), NULL, 0, decryptedData, &decryptedDataLen)) {
if (internalVasDecrypt(cryptogram + 4 + 32, cryptogramLen - 4 - 32, sharedSecretBytes, kVasEncryptedDataLabel, sizeof(kVasEncryptedDataLabel), pidHash, 32, decryptedData, &decryptedDataLen)) {
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
}
memcpy(out, decryptedData + 4, decryptedDataLen - 4);
*outLen = decryptedDataLen - 4;
*timestamp = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
*timestamp = (*timestamp << 8) | decryptedData[i];
}
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
typedef struct {
mbedtls_ecp_keypair key;
uint8_t key_id[4];
const char *source;
} vas_reader_key_t;
static void VasReaderCleanup(vas_reader_key_t *keys, int keys_initialized,
char **key_values, int key_count,
char **pid_values, int pid_count) {
for (int i = 0; keys != NULL && i < keys_initialized; i++) {
mbedtls_ecp_keypair_free(&keys[i].key);
}
for (int i = 0; i < key_count; i++) {
free(key_values[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < pid_count; i++) {
free(pid_values[i]);
}
}
static void PrintVasCryptogramInfo(const char *label, const uint8_t *cryptogram, size_t clen) {
if (clen == 0) {
return;
}
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "%s", label);
if (clen >= 4) {
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, " Key id...... " _YELLOW_("%s"), sprint_hex_inrow(cryptogram, 4));
}
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, " Ciphertext.. " _YELLOW_("%s"), sprint_hex_inrow(cryptogram, clen));
}
static int VASSelectOse(uint16_t *select_status_out, bool verbose) {
if (select_status_out != NULL) {
*select_status_out = VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE;
}
uint16_t status = 0;
size_t resLen = 0;
uint8_t selectResponse[APDU_RES_LEN] = {0};
Iso7816Select(CC_CONTACTLESS, false, true, (uint8_t *)aid, sizeof(aid), selectResponse, APDU_RES_LEN, &resLen, &status);
if (select_status_out != NULL) {
*select_status_out = status;
}
if (status != 0x9000) {
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
PrintVASSelectInfo(selectResponse, resLen, verbose);
if (ParseSelectVASResponse(selectResponse, resLen, NULL) != PM3_SUCCESS) {
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
static int VASGetData(const char *passIdentifier, const uint8_t *pidHash, bool hasPid,
const char *url, size_t urlLen, uint8_t vas_mode, bool isFinalRequest,
bool verbose, uint8_t *cryptogram, size_t *cryptogramLen,
uint16_t *get_data_status_out) {
if (get_data_status_out != NULL) {
*get_data_status_out = VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE;
}
if (cryptogramLen != NULL) {
*cryptogramLen = 0;
}
char pass_header[64] = {0};
const char *displayedPassIdentifier = passIdentifier != NULL ? passIdentifier : "unknown-pass-identifier";
snprintf(pass_header, sizeof(pass_header), "VAS Get Data %s", displayedPassIdentifier);
PrintAndLogInfoHeader(pass_header);
if (verbose) {
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "Pass type id hash...... " _YELLOW_("%s"), hasPid ? sprint_hex_inrow(pidHash, 32) : "n/a");
}
uint8_t getVasApdu[512]; // GET VAS DATA APDU: 6 + reqTlvLen, urlLen capped at 256 => <= 319 bytes
int getVasApduLen = 0;
int s = CreateGetVASDataCommand(pidHash, url, urlLen, vas_mode, isFinalRequest, getVasApdu, &getVasApduLen);
if (s != PM3_SUCCESS) {
return s;
}
uint8_t apduRes[APDU_RES_LEN] = {0};
size_t apduResLen = 0;
uint16_t getDataStatus = 0;
sAPDU_t getVasCmd = {
.CLA = getVasApdu[0],
.INS = getVasApdu[1],
.P1 = getVasApdu[2],
.P2 = getVasApdu[3],
.Lc = getVasApdu[4],
.data = getVasApdu + 5,
};
s = Iso7816ExchangeEx(CC_CONTACTLESS, false, true, getVasCmd, false, 0x00, apduRes, APDU_RES_LEN, &apduResLen, &getDataStatus);
if (s != PM3_SUCCESS) {
return s;
}
if (get_data_status_out != NULL) {
*get_data_status_out = getDataStatus;
}
if (!vas_status_is_success(getDataStatus)) {
PrintVASStatusLine("GET VAS DATA status....", getDataStatus);
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
if (apduResLen == 0 || apduRes[0] != 0x70) {
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
uint8_t mobileToken[VAS_MAX_MOBILE_TOKEN_LEN] = {0};
size_t mobileTokenLen = 0;
s = ParseGetVASDataResponse(apduRes, apduResLen, hasPid, mobileToken, &mobileTokenLen, cryptogram, cryptogramLen);
if (s != PM3_SUCCESS) {
return s;
}
if (mobileTokenLen > 0) {
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "Device token (9F2A)... " _YELLOW_("%s"), sprint_hex_inrow(mobileToken, mobileTokenLen));
}
PrintVASStatusLine("GET VAS DATA status....", getDataStatus);
if (verbose && cryptogramLen != NULL && *cryptogramLen > 0) {
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "Cryptogram data........ " _YELLOW_("%s"), sprint_hex_inrow(cryptogram, *cryptogramLen));
}
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
static int VASRead(bool has_pid, size_t request_count,
char *const *pid_values, const char *url, int urllen,
uint8_t vas_mode, bool verbose,
vas_reader_key_t *keys, int key_count) {
uint16_t select_status = VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE;
if (VASSelectOse(&select_status, verbose) != PM3_SUCCESS) {
PrintVASFailureReason(select_status, VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE);
return PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
for (size_t request_idx = 0; request_idx < request_count; request_idx++) {
uint8_t pidhash[32] = {0};
const char *passIdentifier = "unknown-pass-identifier";
if (has_pid) {
passIdentifier = pid_values[request_idx];
sha256hash((uint8_t *)passIdentifier, strlen(passIdentifier), pidhash);
}
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "");
uint8_t cryptogram[VAS_MAX_CRYPTOGRAM_LEN] = {0};
size_t clen = 0;
uint16_t get_data_status = VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE;
bool isFinalRequest = (request_idx + 1 == request_count);
int res = VASGetData(passIdentifier, has_pid ? pidhash : NULL, has_pid,
url, urllen, vas_mode, isFinalRequest, verbose,
cryptogram, &clen, &get_data_status);
if (res != PM3_SUCCESS) {
PrintVASFailureReason(select_status, get_data_status);
break;
}
if (!has_pid) {
PrintAndLogEx(SUCCESS, "Request completed");
continue;
}
if (!vas_status_is_success(get_data_status)) {
continue;
}
int matched_key_idx = -1;
if (clen >= 4) {
for (int i = 0; i < key_count; i++) {
if (memcmp(keys[i].key_id, cryptogram, sizeof(keys[i].key_id)) == 0) {
matched_key_idx = i;
break;
}
}
}
uint8_t msg[64] = {0};
size_t mlen = 0;
uint32_t timestamp = 0;
if (key_count == 0) {
PrintVasCryptogramInfo("Cryptogram (no key provided to decrypt)", cryptogram, clen);
continue;
}
if (matched_key_idx < 0) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "No matching key identifier found, cannot decrypt VAS data");
PrintVasCryptogramInfo("Cryptogram", cryptogram, clen);
continue;
}
res = DecryptVASCryptogram(pidhash, cryptogram, clen, &keys[matched_key_idx].key, msg, &mlen, &timestamp);
if (res != PM3_SUCCESS) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Cannot decrypt VAS data");
PrintVasCryptogramInfo("Cryptogram", cryptogram, clen);
continue;
}
PrintAndLogEx(SUCCESS, "Pass data");
PrintAndLogEx(SUCCESS, " Timestamp... " _YELLOW_("%d") " (secs since Jan 1, 2001)", timestamp);
PrintAndLogEx(SUCCESS, " Message..... " _YELLOW_("%s"), sprint_ascii(msg, mlen));
}
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
static int CmdVASReader(const char *Cmd) {
CLIParserContext *ctx;
CLIParserInit(&ctx, "hf vas reader",
"Read and decrypt Value Added Services (VAS) message",
"hf vas reader --url https://example.com -> URL Only mode\n"
"hf vas reader --pid pass.com.passkit.pksamples.nfcdemo -k vas.passkit.der -@\n"
"hf vas reader --pid pass.com.pronto.zebra-wallet-pass.demo -k vas.zebra.der -@\n"
"hf vas reader --pid pass.com.springcard.springblue.generic -k vas.springcard.der -@\n"
"hf vas reader --pid pass.id.one --pid pass.id.two -k key.one.der -k key.two.der\n"
"hf vas reader --mode vasandpay --pid pass.id -k key.der\n"
);
void *argtable[] = {
arg_param_begin,
arg_strx0(NULL, "pid", "<str>", "PID, pass type id (repeat --pid for multiple values)"),
arg_strx0("k", "key,file,reader-private-key,readerprivkey,rpk", "<pem|der-b64|der-hex|scalar-b64|scalar-hex|path>", "Terminal private key (repeat --key for multiple values)"),
arg_str0(NULL, "url", "<str>", "a URL to provide to the mobile device"),
arg_str0(NULL, "mode", "<vasorpay|vasandpay|vasonly>", "VAS mode used in ECP and GET DATA capabilities"),
arg_lit0("@", NULL, "continuous mode"),
arg_lit0("v", "verbose", "Verbose output"),
arg_param_end
};
CLIExecWithReturn(ctx, Cmd, argtable, false);
struct arg_str *pid_args = arg_get_str(ctx, 1);
struct arg_str *key_args = arg_get_str(ctx, 2);
const int pid_count = pid_args->count;
const int key_count = key_args->count;
if (pid_count == 0 && key_count > 0) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "--key requires at least one --pid");
CLIParserFree(ctx);
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
if (pid_count > VAS_MAX_PID_ITEMS) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Too many --pid values (max %d)", VAS_MAX_PID_ITEMS);
CLIParserFree(ctx);
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
if (key_count > VAS_MAX_KEY_ITEMS) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Too many --key values (max %d)", VAS_MAX_KEY_ITEMS);
CLIParserFree(ctx);
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
char *pid_values[VAS_MAX_PID_ITEMS] = {0};
char *key_values[VAS_MAX_KEY_ITEMS] = {0};
for (int i = 0; i < pid_count; i++) {
pid_values[i] = strdup(pid_args->sval[i]);
if (pid_values[i] == NULL) {
VasReaderCleanup(NULL, 0, key_values, 0, pid_values, i);
CLIParserFree(ctx);
return PM3_EMALLOC;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < key_count; i++) {
key_values[i] = strdup(key_args->sval[i]);
if (key_values[i] == NULL) {
VasReaderCleanup(NULL, 0, key_values, i, pid_values, pid_count);
CLIParserFree(ctx);
return PM3_EMALLOC;
}
}
int urllen = 0;
char url[512] = {0};
CLIParamStrToBuf(arg_get_str(ctx, 3), (uint8_t *)url, 512, &urllen);
char mode_text[32] = {0};
int mode_len = 0;
CLIParamStrToBuf(arg_get_str(ctx, 4), (uint8_t *)mode_text, sizeof(mode_text), &mode_len);
str_lower(mode_text);
uint8_t vas_mode = (pid_count > 1) ? VAS_MODE_VAS_AND_PAY : VAS_MODE_VAS_ONLY;
if (mode_len > 0 && vas_parse_mode(mode_text, &vas_mode) != PM3_SUCCESS) {
VasReaderCleanup(NULL, 0, key_values, key_count, pid_values, pid_count);
CLIParserFree(ctx);
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
bool continuous = arg_get_lit(ctx, 5);
bool verbose = arg_get_lit(ctx, 6);
const bool has_pid = pid_count > 0;
const size_t request_count = has_pid ? (size_t)pid_count : 1;
vas_reader_key_t keys[VAS_MAX_KEY_ITEMS] = {0};
for (int i = 0; i < key_count; i++) {
mbedtls_ecp_keypair_init(&keys[i].key);
keys[i].source = key_values[i];
if (LoadReaderPrivateKey(keys[i].source, &keys[i].key) != PM3_SUCCESS) {
VasReaderCleanup(keys, i + 1, key_values, key_count, pid_values, pid_count);
CLIParserFree(ctx);
return PM3_ESOFT;
}
if (GetPrivateKeyId(&keys[i].key, keys[i].key_id) != PM3_SUCCESS) {
VasReaderCleanup(keys, i + 1, key_values, key_count, pid_values, pid_count);
CLIParserFree(ctx);
return PM3_ESOFT;
}
}
CLIParserFree(ctx);
if (has_pid) {
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "Requesting pass type id entries... " _GREEN_("%d"), pid_count);
} else {
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "Requesting VAS URL........ " _GREEN_("%s"), sprint_ascii((uint8_t *) url, urllen));
}
if (continuous) {
PrintAndLogEx(INFO, "Press " _GREEN_("<Enter>") " to exit");
}
int final_res = PM3_SUCCESS;
iso14a_polling_frame_t ecp_frame;
vas_build_ecp_frame(vas_mode, &ecp_frame);
iso14a_polling_parameters_t polling_parameters = {
.frames = { WUPA_FRAME, ecp_frame },
.frame_count = 2,
.extra_timeout = 250
};
do {
if (continuous && kbd_enter_pressed()) {
break;
}
clearCommandBuffer();
if (SelectCard14443A_4_WithParameters(false, false, NULL, &polling_parameters) != PM3_SUCCESS) {
PrintVASFailureReason(VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE, VAS_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE);
if (final_res == PM3_SUCCESS) {
final_res = PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
}
msleep(1000);
continue;
}
int iter_res = VASRead(has_pid, request_count, pid_values,
url, urllen, vas_mode, verbose,
keys, key_count);
if (iter_res != PM3_SUCCESS && final_res == PM3_SUCCESS) {
final_res = iter_res;
}
if (continuous) {
// Drop field so that iPhone displays the checkmark or a pass
DropField();
msleep(3000);
}
PrintAndLogEx(NORMAL, "");
msleep(300);
} while (continuous);
VasReaderCleanup(keys, key_count, key_values, key_count, pid_values, pid_count);
DropField();
return final_res;
}
static int CmdVASInfo(const char *Cmd) {
CLIParserContext *ctx;
CLIParserInit(&ctx, "hf vas info",
"Select VAS applet and print capabilities.",
"hf vas info\n"
"hf vas info -a");
void *argtable[] = {
arg_param_begin,
arg_lit0("a", "apdu", "Show APDU requests and responses"),
arg_param_end
};
CLIExecWithReturn(ctx, Cmd, argtable, true);
bool apdu_logging = arg_get_lit(ctx, 1);
CLIParserFree(ctx);
bool restore_apdu_logging = GetAPDULogging();
SetAPDULogging(apdu_logging);
clearCommandBuffer();
iso14a_polling_parameters_t polling_parameters = {
.frames = { WUPA_FRAME, ECP_VAS_ONLY_FRAME },
.frame_count = 2,
.extra_timeout = 250
};
int res = PM3_ECARDEXCHANGE;
if (SelectCard14443A_4_WithParameters(false, false, NULL, &polling_parameters) == PM3_SUCCESS) {
res = VASSelectOse(NULL, true);
}
SetAPDULogging(restore_apdu_logging);
DropField();
return res;
}
static int CmdVASDecrypt(const char *Cmd) {
CLIParserContext *ctx;
CLIParserInit(&ctx, "hf vas decrypt",
"Decrypt a previously captured cryptogram",
"hf vas decrypt --pid pass.com.passkit.pksamples.nfcdemo -k vas.passkit.der -d c0b77375eae416b79449347f9fe838c05cdb57dc7470b97b93b806cb348771d9bfbe29d58538c7c7d7c3d015fa205b68bfccd726058a62f7f44085ac98dbf877120fd9059f1507b956e0a6d56d0a\n"
);
void *argtable[] = {
arg_param_begin,
arg_str0(NULL, "pid", "<str>", "PID, pass type id"),
arg_str0("k", "key,file,reader-private-key,readerprivkey,rpk", "<pem|der-b64|der-hex|scalar-b64|scalar-hex|path>", "Terminal private key: PEM, DER hex, scalar hex/base64, or file path"),
arg_str0("d", "data", "<hex>", "cryptogram to decrypt"),
arg_param_end
};
CLIExecWithReturn(ctx, Cmd, argtable, false);
int pidlen = 0;
char pid[512] = {0};
CLIParamStrToBuf(arg_get_str(ctx, 1), (uint8_t *)pid, 512, &pidlen);
int key_input_len = 0;
char key_input[VAS_MAX_KEY_INPUT] = {0};
CLIParamStrToBuf(arg_get_str(ctx, 2), (uint8_t *)key_input, sizeof(key_input), &key_input_len);
if (key_input_len == 0) {
PrintAndLogEx(FAILED, "Must provide terminal private key input or file path");
CLIParserFree(ctx);
return PM3_EINVARG;
}
int clen = 0;
uint8_t cryptogram[120] = {0};
CLIGetHexWithReturn(ctx, 3, cryptogram, &clen);
CLIParserFree(ctx);
mbedtls_ecp_keypair privKey;
mbedtls_ecp_keypair_init(&privKey);
if (LoadReaderPrivateKey(key_input, &privKey) != PM3_SUCCESS) {
mbedtls_ecp_keypair_free(&privKey);
return PM3_EFILE;
}
uint8_t pidhash[32] = {0};
sha256hash((uint8_t *) pid, pidlen, pidhash);
size_t mlen = 0;
uint8_t msg[64] = {0};
uint32_t timestamp = 0;
int res = DecryptVASCryptogram(pidhash, cryptogram, clen, &privKey, msg, &mlen, &timestamp);
if (res == PM3_SUCCESS) {
PrintAndLogEx(SUCCESS, "Timestamp... " _YELLOW_("%d") " (secs since Jan 1, 2001)", timestamp);
PrintAndLogEx(SUCCESS, "Message..... " _YELLOW_("%s"), sprint_ascii(msg, mlen));
}
mbedtls_ecp_keypair_free(&privKey);
return res;
}
static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd);
static command_t CommandTable[] = {
{"--------", CmdHelp, AlwaysAvailable, "----------- " _CYAN_("Value Added Service") " -----------"},
{"help", CmdHelp, AlwaysAvailable, "This help"},
{"--------", CmdHelp, AlwaysAvailable, "----------------- " _CYAN_("General") " -----------------"},
{"info", CmdVASInfo, IfPm3Iso14443a, "Get VAS applet information"},
{"reader", CmdVASReader, IfPm3Iso14443a, "Read and decrypt VAS message"},
{"decrypt", CmdVASDecrypt, AlwaysAvailable, "Decrypt a previously captured VAS cryptogram"},
{NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}
};
int CmdHFVAS(const char *Cmd) {
clearCommandBuffer();
return CmdsParse(CommandTable, Cmd);
}
static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd) {
(void)Cmd; // Cmd is not used so far
CmdsHelp(CommandTable);
return PM3_SUCCESS;
}
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