Privacy redefined
-The first messenger
without user IDs
+ Privasi diredefinisikan
+Perpesanan pertama
tanpa ID pengguna
- Other apps have user IDs: Signal, Matrix, Session, Briar, Jami, Cwtch, etc.
SimpleX does not, not even random numbers.
This radically improves your privacy.
+ Aplikasi lain memiliki ID pengguna: Signal, Matrix, Session, Briar, Jami, Cwtch, dll.
SimpleX tidak, bahkan angka acak.
Ini secara radikal meningkatkan privasi Anda.
Why user IDs are bad for privacy?
+Mengapa ID pengguna buruk untuk privasi?
- When users have persistent identities, even if this is just a random number, like a Session ID, there is a risk that the provider or an attacker can observe how the users are connected and how many messages they send. + Bila pengguna memiliki identitas persisten, meskipun ini hanya angka acak, seperti ID Sesi, ada risiko bahwa penyedia atau penyerang dapat mengamati bagaimana pengguna terhubung dan berapa banyak pesan yang mereka kirim.
- They could then correlate this information with the existing public social networks, and determine some real identities. + Mereka kemudian dapat menghubungkan informasi ini dengan jaringan sosial publik yang ada, dan menentukan beberapa identitas sebenarnya.
- Even with the most private apps that use Tor v3 services, if you talk to two different contacts via the same profile they can prove that they are connected to the same person. + Bahkan dengan aplikasi paling pribadi yang menggunakan layanan Tor v3, jika Anda berbicara dengan dua kontak berbeda melalui profil yang sama, mereka dapat membuktikan bahwa mereka terhubung dengan orang yang sama.
- SimpleX protects against these attacks by not having any user IDs in its design. And, if you use Incognito mode, you will have a different display name for each contact, avoiding any shared data between them. + SimpleX melindungi dari serangan ini dengan tidak memiliki ID pengguna dalam desainnya. Dan, jika Anda gunakan mode Samaran, Anda akan memiliki nama tampilan berbeda untuk setiap kontak, sehingga mencegah data dibagikan di antara mereka.
How does SimpleX work?
+Bagaimana cara kerja SimpleX?
- Many users asked: if SimpleX has no user identifiers, how can it know where to deliver messages? + Banyak pengguna bertanya: jika SimpleX tidak ada ID pengguna, bagaimana itu mengetahui ke mana pesan dikirim?
- To deliver messages, instead of user IDs used by all other networks, SimpleX uses temporary anonymous pairwise identifiers of message queues, separate for each of your connections — there are no long term identifiers. + Untuk mengirim pesan, alih-alih ID pengguna yang digunakan oleh semua jaringan lain, SimpleX menggunakan pengenal bersifat anonim sementara dari antrean pesan, terpisah untuk setiap koneksi — tidak ada pengenal jangka panjang.
- You define which server(s) to use to receive the messages, your contacts — the servers you use to send the messages to them. Every conversation is likely to use two different servers. + Anda menentukan server mana yang akan digunakan untuk menerima pesan, dan kontak Anda — server yang Anda gunakan untuk mengirimkan pesan kepada mereka. Setiap percakapan kemungkinan akan menggunakan dua server yang berbeda.
- This design prevents leaking any users' metadata on the application level. To further improve privacy and protect your IP address you can connect to messaging servers via Tor. + Desain ini mencegah kebocoran metadata pengguna di tingkat aplikasi. Untuk meningkatkan privasi dan melindungi alamat IP Anda, Anda dapat terhubung ke server perpesanan melalui Tor.
- Only client devices store user profiles, contacts and groups; the messages are sent with 2-layer End-to-end encryption. + Hanya perangkat klien yang menyimpan profil pengguna, kontak, dan grup; pesan dikirim dengan enkripsi end-to-end 2 lapis.
- Read more in SimpleX whitepaper. + Selengkapnya di Whitepaper SimpleX.
Security assessments
+Penilaian keamanan
- Trail of Bits is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major Blockchain projects. + Trail of Bits adalah konsultan keamanan dan teknologi terkemuka yang kliennya meliputi perusahaan teknologi besar, lembaga pemerintah, dan proyek Blockchain besar.
- Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX network cryptography and networking components in November 2022. Read more. + Trail of Bits meninjau kriptografi jaringan SimpleX dan komponen jaringan pada November 2022. Baca selengkapnya.
- Trail of Bits reviewed cryptographic design of SimpleX network protocols in July 2024. Read more. + Trail of Bits mengulas desain kriptografi protokol jaringan SimpleX pada Juli 2024. Baca selengkapnya.
Get SimpleX desktop app
+Dapatkan aplikasi desktop SimpleX
@@ -841,18 +841,18 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
- Make a private connection + Buat koneksi pribadi
- The video shows how you connect to your friend via their 1-time QR-code, in person or via a video link. You can also connect by sharing an invitation link. + Video ini menunjukkan cara terhubung dengan teman Anda melalui kode QR sekali pakai, secara langsung, atau melalui tautan video. Anda juga dapat terhubung dengan bagikan tautan undangan.
Why privacy matters
-Preserving the privacy of your metadata — who you talk with — protects you from:
+Mengapa privasi penting
+Menjaga privasi metadata Anda — dengan siapa Anda berbicara — melindungi Anda dari:
Advertising and price discrimination
+Privasi melindungi kebebasan Anda
- Privacy saves you money + Privasi menghemat uang AndaPrivacy saves you money
+Privasi menghemat uang Anda
- Many large companies use information about who you are connected with to estimate your income, sell you the products you don't really need, and to determine the prices. + Banyak perusahaan besar menggunakan informasi mengenai siapa yang terhubung dengan Anda untuk memperkirakan pendapatan Anda, menjual produk yang sebenarnya tidak Anda butuhkan, dan menentukan harga.
- Online retailers know that people with lower incomes are more likely to make urgent purchases, so they may charge higher prices or remove discounts. + Pengecer daring mengetahui bahwa orang-orang berpenghasilan rendah cenderung melakukan pembelian mendesak, sehingga mereka mungkin mengenakan harga lebih tinggi atau menghapus diskon.
- Some financial and insurance companies use social graphs to determine interest rates and premiums. It often makes people with lower incomes pay more — it is known as 'poverty premium'. + Beberapa perusahaan keuangan dan asuransi menggunakan grafik sosial untuk menentukan suku bunga dan premium. Hal ini seringkali membuat orang berpenghasilan rendah membayar lebih banyak — dikenal sebagai 'premium kemelaratan'.
- SimpleX network protects the privacy of your connections better than any alternative, fully preventing your social graph becoming available to any companies or organizations. Even when people use servers preconfigured in SimpleX Chat apps, server operators do not know the number of users or their connections. + Jaringan SimpleX melindungi privasi koneksi Anda lebih baik daripada alternatif lainnya, sepenuhnya mencegah grafik sosial Anda diakses oleh perusahaan atau organisasi mana pun. Bahkan ketika orang menggunakan server yang telah dikonfigurasi sebelumnya di aplikasi SimpleX Chat, operator server tidak mengetahui jumlah pengguna atau koneksi mereka.
Manipulation of elections
+Manipulasi pemilihan
- Privacy gives you power + Privasi memberi Anda kekuatanPrivacy gives you power
+Privasi memberi Anda kekuatan
- Not so long ago we observed the major elections being manipulated by a reputable consulting company that used our social graphs to distort our view of the real world and manipulate our votes. + Belum lama ini kita menyaksikan pemilu besar dimanipulasi oleh sebuah perusahaan konsultan terkemuka yang menggunakan grafik sosial kita untuk mendistorsi pandangan kita terhadap dunia nyata dan memanipulasi suara kita.
- To be objective and to make independent decisions you need to be in control of your information space. It is only possible if you use private communication network that does not have access to your social graph. + Agar objektif dan dapat membuat keputusan yang independen, Anda perlu mengendalikan ruang informasi Anda. Hal ini hanya mungkin jika Anda menggunakan jaringan komunikasi pribadi yang tidak memiliki akses ke grafik sosial Anda.
- SimpleX is the first network that doesn't have any user identifiers by design, in this way protecting your connections graph better than any known alternative. + SimpleX adalah jaringan pertama yang tidak memiliki ID pengguna apa pun secara desain, dengan cara ini melindungi grafik koneksi Anda lebih baik daripada alternatif yang diketahui.
Prosecution due to innocent association
+Penuntutan karena keterlibatan yang tidak bersalah
- Privacy protects your freedom + Privasi melindungi kebebasan AndaPrivacy protects your freedom
+Privasi melindungi kebebasan Anda
- Everyone should care about privacy and security of their communications — harmless conversations can put you in danger, even if you have nothing to hide. + Setiap orang harus peduli dengan privasi dan keamanan komunikasi mereka — percakapan yang tidak berbahaya dapat membahayakan Anda, bahkan jika Anda tidak menyembunyikan apa pun.
- One of the most shocking stories is the experience of Mohamedou Ould Salahi described in his memoir and shown in The Mauritanian movie. He was put into Guantanamo camp, without trial, and was tortured there for 15 years after a phone call to his relative in Afghanistan, under suspicion of being involved in 9/11 attacks, even though he lived in Germany for the previous 10 years. + Salah satu kisah paling mengejutkan adalah pengalaman Mohamedou Ould Salahi yang diceritakan dalam memoarnya dan ditampilkan dalam film The Mauritanian. Ia dimasukkan ke kamp Guantanamo tanpa diadili, dan disiksa di sana selama 15 tahun setelah menelepon kerabatnya di Afghanistan, karena dicurigai terlibat dalam serangan 9/11, meskipun ia pernah tinggal di Jerman selama 10 tahun sebelumnya.
- Ordinary people get arrested for what they share online, even via their 'anonymous' accounts, even in democratic countries. + Orang biasa ditangkap karena apa yang mereka bagikan secara daring, bahkan melalui akun 'anonim' mereka, bahkan di negara demokrasi.
- It is not enough to use an end-to-end encrypted messenger, we all should use the messengers that protect the privacy of our personal networks — who we are connected with. + Tidaklah cukup jika hanya menggunakan layanan pesan terenkripsi end-to-end, kita semua harus menggunakan layanan pesan yang melindungi privasi jaringan pribadi kita — dengan siapa kita terhubung.
Make sure your messenger can't access your data!
+Pastikan messenger Anda tidak dapat mengakses data Anda!
Why SimpleX is unique
+Mengapa SimpleX unik
#1
-You have complete privacy
+Anda memiliki privasi penuh
- SimpleX protects the privacy of your profile, contacts and metadata, hiding it from SimpleX network servers and any observers. + SimpleX melindungi privasi profil, kontak, dan metadata Anda, menyembunyikannya dari server jaringan SimpleX dan pengamat mana pun.
- Unlike any other existing messaging network, SimpleX has no identifiers assigned to the users — not even random numbers. + Tidak seperti jaringan perpesanan lain yang ada, SimpleX tidak memiliki ID tetap kepada pengguna — bahkan nomor acak.
Optional
access via Tor
+ Akses opsional
via Tor
To protect your IP address you can access the servers via Tor or some other transport Overlay network.
+Untuk melindungi alamat IP Anda, Anda dapat mengakses server melalui Tor atau lapisan jaringan transport lainnya.
-To use SimpleX via Tor please install Orbot app and enable SOCKS5 proxy (or VPN on iOS).
+Untuk menggunakan SimpleX melalui Tor, silakan instal aplikasi Orbot dan aktifkan proksi SOCKS5 (atau VPN di iOS).
Tap to close
+Ketuk untuk tutup
Unidirectional
message queues
+ Antrean pesan
searah
Each message queue passes messages in one direction, with the different send and receive addresses.
+Setiap antrean pesan meneruskan pesan dalam satu arah, dengan alamat kirim dan terima yang berbeda.
-It reduces the attack vectors, compared with traditional message brokers, and available meta-data.
+Ini mengurangi vektor serangan, dibandingkan dengan perantara pesan tradisional, dan meta-data yang ada.
Tap to close
+Ketuk untuk tutup
Multiple layers of
Content padding
+ Beberapa lapisan
kuat konten
SimpleX uses Content padding for each encryption layer to frustrate message size attacks.
+SimpleX menggunakan pengunci konten untuk setiap lapisan enkripsi guna menggagalkan serangan pesan.
-It makes messages of different sizes look the same to the servers and network observers.
+Ini membuat pesan dengan ukuran berbeda terlihat sama bagi server dan pengamat jaringan.
Tap to close
+Ketuk untuk tutup
SimpleX Network
-Simplex Chat provides the best privacy by combining the advantages of P2P and federated networks.
+Jaringan SimpleX
+SimpleX Chat memberikan privasi terbaik dengan menggabungkan keunggulan P2P dan jaringan terfederasi.
Unlike P2P networks
+Tidak seperti jaringan P2P
- All messages are sent via the servers, both providing better metadata privacy and reliable asynchronous message delivery, while avoiding many problems of P2P networks. + Semua pesan dikirim melalui server, keduanya memberikan privasi metadata yang lebih baik dan pengiriman pesan asinkron yang andal, sekaligus menghindari banyak masalah jaringan P2P.
Comparison with P2P messaging protocols
+Perbandingan dengan protokol perpesanan P2P
- P2P messaging protocols and apps have various problems that make them less reliable than SimpleX, more complex to analyse, and vulnerable to several types of attack. + Protokol dan aplikasi perpesanan P2P memiliki berbagai masalah yang membuatnya kurang dapat diandalkan dibandingkan SimpleX, lebih rumit untuk dianalisis, dan rentan terhadap beberapa jenis serangan.
- - P2P networks rely on some variant of DHT to route messages. DHT designs have to balance delivery guarantee and latency. SimpleX has both better delivery guarantee and lower latency than P2P, because the message can be redundantly passed via several servers in parallel, using the servers chosen by the recipient. In P2P networks the message is passed through O(log N) nodes sequentially, using nodes chosen by the algorithm. + Jaringan P2P andalkan beberapa varian DHT untuk merutekan pesan. Desain DHT harus menyeimbangkan jaminan pengiriman dan latensi. SimpleX memiliki jaminan pengiriman lebih baik dan latensi yang lebih rendah daripada P2P, karena pesan dapat diteruskan secara redundan melalui beberapa server secara paralel, menggunakan server yang dipilih oleh penerima. Dalam jaringan P2P, pesan diteruskan melalui node O(log N) secara berurutan, menggunakan node yang dipilih oleh algoritma.
- - SimpleX design, unlike most P2P networks, has no global user identifiers of any kind, even temporary, and only uses temporary pairwise identifiers, providing better anonymity and metadata protection. + Desain SimpleX, tidak seperti kebanyakan jaringan P2P, tidak memiliki ID pengguna global apa pun, bahkan yang sementara, dan hanya menggunakan pengenal penghubung sementara, sehingga memberikan anonimitas dan perlindungan metadata yang lebih baik.
- - P2P does not solve MITM attack problem, and most existing implementations do not use out-of-band messages for the initial key exchange. SimpleX uses out-of-band messages or, in some cases, pre-existing secure and trusted connections for the initial key exchange. + P2P tidak menyelesaikan masalah serangan MITM, dan sebagian besar implementasi yang ada tidak menggunakan pesan out-of-band untuk pertukaran kunci awal. SimpleX menggunakan pesan out-of-band atau, dalam beberapa kasus, koneksi aman dan tepercaya yang sudah ada sebelumnya untuk pertukaran kunci awal.
- - P2P implementations can be blocked by some Internet providers (like BitTorrent). SimpleX is transport agnostic — it can work over standard web protocols, e.g. WebSockets. + Implementasi P2P dapat diblokir oleh beberapa penyedia internet (seperti BitTorrent). SimpleX bersifat agnostik transportasi — ia dapat bekerja melalui protokol web standar, misalnya WebSockets.
- - All known P2P networks may be vulnerable to Sybil attack, because each node is discoverable, and the network operates as a whole. Known measures to mitigate it require either a centralized component or expensive proof of work. SimpleX network has no server discoverability, it is fragmented and operates as multiple isolated sub-networks, making network-wide attacks impossible. + Semua jaringan P2P yang diketahui mungkin rentan terhadap serangan Sybil, karena setiap node dapat ditemukan, dan jaringan beroperasi secara keseluruhan. Langkah-langkah yang diketahui untuk memitigasinya memerlukan komponen terpusat atau Bukti kerja yang mahal. Jaringan SimpleX tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk ditemukan oleh server, terfragmentasi, dan beroperasi sebagai beberapa sub-jaringan yang terisolasi, sehingga mustahil untuk menyerang seluruh jaringan.
- - P2P networks may be vulnerable to DRDoS attack, when the clients can rebroadcast and amplify traffic, resulting in network-wide denial of service. SimpleX clients only relay traffic from known connection and cannot be used by an attacker to amplify the traffic in the whole network. + Jaringan P2P mungkin rentan terhadap serangan DRDoS, ketika klien dapat menyiarkan ulang dan memperkuat lalu lintas, yang mengakibatkan penolakan layanan di seluruh jaringan. Klien SimpleX hanya meneruskan lalu lintas dari koneksi yang diketahui dan tidak dapat digunakan oleh penyerang untuk memperkuat lalu lintas di seluruh jaringan.
Unlike federated networks
+Tidak seperti jaringan terfederasi
- SimpleX relay servers do NOT store user profiles, contacts and delivered messages, do NOT connect to each other, and there is NO servers directory. + Server relay SimpleX TIDAK menyimpan profil pengguna, kontak dan pesan yang terkirim, TIDAK terhubung satu sama lain, dan TIDAK ada direktori server.
SimpleX network
+Jaringan SimpleX
- servers provide unidirectional queues to connect the users, but they have no visibility of the network connection graph — only the users do. + server menyediakan antrian searah untuk hubungkan pengguna, tetapi mereka tidak dapat melihat grafik koneksi jaringan — hanya pengguna yang dapat melihatnya.
SimpleX explained
+SimpleX dijelaskan
- You can create contacts and groups, and have two-way conversations, as in any other messenger. + Anda dapat membuat kontak dan grup, dan melakukan percakapan dua arah, seperti pada aplikasi perpesanan lainnya.
- How can it work with unidirectional queues and without user profile identifiers? + Bagaimana cara kerjanya dengan antrean searah dan tanpa ID profil pengguna?
- For each connection you use two separate messaging queues to send and receive messages via different servers. + Untuk setiap koneksi, Anda menggunakan dua antrean pesan terpisah untuk mengirim dan menerima pesan melalui server yang berbeda.
- Servers only pass messages one way, without having the full picture of user's conversations or connections. + Server hanya menyampaikan pesan satu arah, tanpa memiliki gambaran lengkap mengenai percakapan atau koneksi pengguna.
- The servers have separate Anonymous credentials for each queue, and do not know which users they belong to. + Server memiliki kredensial anonim terpisah untuk setiap antrean, dan tidak mengetahui pengguna mana yang menjadi milik mereka.
- Users can further improve metadata privacy by using Tor to access servers, preventing corellation by IP address. + Pengguna dapat tingkatkan privasi metadata dengan memakai Tor untuk akses server, mencegah korelasi berdasarkan alamat IP.
Comparison with other protocols
+Perbandingan dengan protokol lain
| Signal, big platforms | +Signal, platform besar | XMPP, Matrix | -P2P protocols | +Protokol P2P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Requires global identity | -No - private | -Yes 1 | -Yes 2 | -Yes 3 | +Membutuhkan identitas global | +Tidak - privat | +Ya 1 | +Ya 2 | +Ya 3 |
| Possibility of MITM | -No - secure 4 | -Yes 5 | -Yes | -Yes | +Kemungkinan MITM | +Tidak - aman 4 | +Ya 5 | +Ya | +Ya |
| Dependence on DNS | -No - resilient | -Yes | -Yes | -No | +Ketergantungan pada DNS | +Tidak - tangguh | +Ya | +Ya | +Tidak |
| Single or Centralized network | -No - decentralized | -Yes | -No - federated 6 | -Yes 7 | +Jaringan tunggal atau terpusat | +Tidak - terdesentralisasi | +Ya | +Tidak - terfederasi 6 | +Ya 7 |
| Central component or other network-wide attack | -No - resilient | -Yes | -Yes 2 | -Yes 8 | +Komponen pusat atau serangan di seluruh jaringan lainnya | +Tidak - tangguh | +Ya | +Ya 2 | +Ya 8 |
- -
-
- Usually based on a phone number, in some cases on usernames -
- DNS-based addresses -
- Public key or some other globally unique ID -
- SimpleX relays cannot compromise e2e encryption. Verify security code to mitigate attack on out-of-band channel -
- If operator’s servers are compromised. Verify security code in Signal and some other apps to mitigate it -
- Does not protect users' metadata privacy -
- While P2P are distributed, they are not federated — they operate as a single network -
- P2P networks either have a central authority or the whole network can be compromised - see here +
- Biasanya berdasarkan nomor telepon, dalam beberapa kasus berdasarkan nama pengguna +
- Alamat berbasis DNS +
- Kunci publik atau ID unik global lainnya +
- Relay SimpleX tidak dapat membahayakan enkripsi e2e. Verifikasi kode keamanan untuk memitigasi serangan pada saluran out-of-band +
- Jika server operator disusupi. Verifikasi kode keamanan di Signal dan beberapa aplikasi lain untuk mengatasinya +
- Tidak melindungi privasi metadata pengguna +
- Meskipun P2P didistribusikan, mereka tidak terfederasi — mereka beroperasi sebagai jaringan tunggal +
- Jaringan P2P memiliki otoritas pusat atau seluruh jaringan dapat terkompromi - lihat disini
Join SimpleX
-We invite you to join the conversation
+Gabung SimpleX
+Kami mengundang Anda untuk gabung ke percakapan
Sign up to receive our updates
+Daftar untuk menerima pembaruan kami
Address portability
Similarly to phone number portability (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many federated networks support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.
Federated network
Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.
The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no address portability, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.
Anonymous credentials
The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.
Anonymous credentials
The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.
Blockchain
In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of Merkle directed acyclic graphs.
Blockchain
In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of Merkle directed acyclic graphs.
In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some consensus protocol.
Merkle directed acyclic graph
Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.
This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with blockchain.
The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in IPFS and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.
Break-in recovery
Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. Double-ratchet algorithm has this quality.
Break-in recovery
Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. Double-ratchet algorithm has this quality.
Double ratchet algorithm
It is used by two parties to exchange end-to-end encrypted messages. The parties will use some key agreement protocol to agree on the initial shared secret key.
Double Ratchet algorithm provides perfect forward secrecy and post-compromise security. It is designed by Signal, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.
Centralized network
Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.
Centralized network
Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.
Content padding
Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.
Content padding
Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.
Decentralized network
Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.
The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.
Defense in depth
Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.
In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.
SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:
-
+
- double ratchet algorithm for end-to-end encryption with perfect forward secrecy and post-compromise security,
- additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,
- TLS with only strong ciphers allowed, @@ -2118,7 +2118,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
- mitigation of man-in-the-middle attack on client-client out-of-band channel when sending the invitation,
- rotation of delivery queues to reduce efficiency of traffic analysis,
- etc. -
Address portability
Similarly to phone number portability (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many federated networks support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.
Federated network
Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.
The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no address portability, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.
Anonymous credentials
The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.
Blockchain
In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of Merkle directed acyclic graphs.
Blockchain
In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of Merkle directed acyclic graphs.
In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some consensus protocol.
Merkle directed acyclic graph
Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.
This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with blockchain.
The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in IPFS and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.
Break-in recovery
Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. Double-ratchet algorithm has this quality.
Double ratchet algorithm
It is used by two parties to exchange end-to-end encrypted messages. The parties will use some key agreement protocol to agree on the initial shared secret key.
Double Ratchet algorithm provides perfect forward secrecy and post-compromise security. It is designed by Signal, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.
Centralized network
Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.
Content padding
Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.
Decentralized network
Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.
The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.
Defense in depth
Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.
In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.
SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:
End-to-end encryption
A communication system where only the communicating parties can read the messages. It is designed to protect message content from any potential eavesdroppers – telecom and Internet providers, malicious actors, and also the provider of the communication service.
End-to-end encryption requires agreeing cryptographic keys between the sender and the recipient in a way that no eavesdroppers can access the agreed keys. See key agreement protocol. This key exchange can be compromised via man-in-the-middle attack, particularly if key exchange happens via the same communication provider and no out-of-band channel is used to verify key exchange.
Forward secrecy
Also known as perfect forward secrecy, it is a feature of a key agreement protocol that ensures that session keys will not be compromised even if long-term secrets used in the session key exchange are compromised. Forward secrecy protects past sessions against future compromises of session or long-term keys.
Post-compromise security
Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. Double-ratchet algorithm has this quality.
Man-in-the-middle attack
The attack when the attacker secretly relays and possibly alters the communications between two parties who believe that they are directly communicating with each other.
This attack can be used to compromise end-to-end encryption by intercepting public keys during key exchange, substituting them with the attacker's keys, and then intercepting and re-encrypting all messages, without altering their content. With this attack, while the attacker does not change message content, but she can read the messages, while the communicating parties believe the messages are end-to-end encrypted.
Such attack is possible with any system that uses the same channel for key exchange as used to send messages - it includes almost all communication systems except SimpleX, where the initial public key is always passed out-of-band. Even with SimpleX, the attacker may intercept and substitute the key sent via another channel, gaining access to communication. This risk is substantially lower, as attacker does not know in advance which channel will be used to pass the key.
To mitigate such attack the communicating parties must verify the integrity of key exchange - SimpleX and many other messaging apps, e.g. Signal and WhatsApp, have the feature that allows it.
Message padding
Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.
Key agreement protocol
Also known as key exchange, it is a process of agreeing cryptographic keys between the sender and the recipient(s) of the message. It is required for end-to-end encryption to work.
End-to-end encryption
A communication system where only the communicating parties can read the messages. It is designed to protect message content from any potential eavesdroppers – telecom and Internet providers, malicious actors, and also the provider of the communication service.
Forward secrecy
Also known as perfect forward secrecy, it is a feature of a key agreement protocol that ensures that session keys will not be compromised even if long-term secrets used in the session key exchange are compromised. Forward secrecy protects past sessions against future compromises of session or long-term keys.
Key exchange
Also known as key exchange, it is a process of agreeing cryptographic keys between the sender and the recipient(s) of the message. It is required for end-to-end encryption to work.
Key exchange
Also known as key exchange, it is a process of agreeing cryptographic keys between the sender and the recipient(s) of the message. It is required for end-to-end encryption to work.
MITM attack
The attack when the attacker secretly relays and possibly alters the communications between two parties who believe that they are directly communicating with each other.
MITM attack
The attack when the attacker secretly relays and possibly alters the communications between two parties who believe that they are directly communicating with each other.
This attack can be used to compromise end-to-end encryption by intercepting public keys during key exchange, substituting them with the attacker's keys, and then intercepting and re-encrypting all messages, without altering their content. With this attack, while the attacker does not change message content, but she can read the messages, while the communicating parties believe the messages are end-to-end encrypted.
Such attack is possible with any system that uses the same channel for key exchange as used to send messages - it includes almost all communication systems except SimpleX, where the initial public key is always passed out-of-band. Even with SimpleX, the attacker may intercept and substitute the key sent via another channel, gaining access to communication. This risk is substantially lower, as attacker does not know in advance which channel will be used to pass the key.
To mitigate such attack the communicating parties must verify the integrity of key exchange - SimpleX and many other messaging apps, e.g. Signal and WhatsApp, have the feature that allows it.
Non-repudiation
Onion routing
A technique for anonymous communication over a computer network that uses multiple layers of message encryption, analogous to the layers of an onion. The encrypted data is transmitted through a series of network nodes called "onion routers," each of which "peels" away a single layer, revealing the data's next destination. The sender remains anonymous because each intermediary knows only the location of the immediately preceding and following nodes.
The most widely used onion network is Tor.
Some elements of SimpleX network use similar ideas in their design - different addresses for the same resource used by different parties, and additional encryption layers. Currently though, SimpleX messaging protocol does not protect sender network address, as the relay server is chosen by the recipient. The delivery relays chosen by sender that are planned for the future would make SimpleX design closer to onion routing.
Overlay network
Nodes in the overlay network can be thought of as being connected by virtual or logical links, each of which corresponds to a path, perhaps through many physical links, in the underlying network. Tor, for example, is an overlay network on top of IP network, which in its turn is also an overlay network over some underlying physical network.
Overlay network
Nodes in the overlay network can be thought of as being connected by virtual or logical links, each of which corresponds to a path, perhaps through many physical links, in the underlying network. Tor, for example, is an overlay network on top of IP network, which in its turn is also an overlay network over some underlying physical network.
SimpleX Clients also form a network using SMP relays and IP or some other overlay network (e.g., Tor), to communicate with each other. SMP relays, on another hand, do not form a network.
Non-repudiation
The property of the cryptographic or communication system that allows the recipient of the message to prove to any third party that the sender identified by some cryptographic key sent the message. It is the opposite to repudiation. While in some context non-repudiation may be desirable (e.g., for contractually binding messages), in the context of private communications it may be undesirable.
Repudiation
The property of the cryptographic or communication system that allows the sender of the message to plausibly deny having sent the message, because while the recipient can verify that the message was sent by the sender, they cannot prove it to any third party - the recipient has a technical ability to forge the same encrypted message. This is an important quality of private communications, as it allows to have the conversation that can later be denied, similarly to having a private face-to-face conversation.
See also non-repudiation.
Pairwise pseudonymous identifier
Generalizing the definition from NIST Digital Identity Guidelines, it is an opaque unguessable identifier generated by a service used to access a resource by only one party.
In the context of SimpleX network, these are the identifiers generated by SMP relays to access anonymous messaging queues, with a separate identifier (and access credential) for each accessing party: recipient, sender and and optional notifications subscriber. The same approach is used by XFTP relays to access file chunks, with separate identifiers (and access credentials) for sender and each recipient.
Peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer (P2P) is the network architecture when participants have equal rights and communicate directly via a general purpose transport or overlay network. Unlike client-server architecture, all peers in a P2P network both provide and consume the resources. In the context of messaging, P2P architecture usually means that the messages are sent between peers, without user accounts or messages being stored on any servers. Examples are Tox, Briar, Cwtch and many others.
The advantage is that the participants do not depend on any servers. There are multiple downsides to that architecture, such as no asynchronous message delivery, the need for network-wide peer addresses, possibility of network-wide attacks, that are usually mitigated only by using a centralized authority. These disadvantages are avoided with proxied P2P architecture.
Proxied peer-to-peer
Network topology of the communication system when peers communicate via proxies that do not form the network themselves. Such design is used in Pond, that has a fixed home server for each user, and in SimpleX, that uses multiple relays providing temporary connections.
Perfect forward secrecy
Also known as perfect forward secrecy, it is a feature of a key agreement protocol that ensures that session keys will not be compromised even if long-term secrets used in the session key exchange are compromised. Forward secrecy protects past sessions against future compromises of session or long-term keys.
Post-quantum cryptography
Any of the proposed cryptographic systems or algorithms that are thought to be secure against an attack by a quantum computer. It appears that as of 2023 there is no system or algorithm that is proven to be secure against such attacks, or even to be secure against attacks by massively parallel conventional computers, so a general recommendation is to use post-quantum cryptographic systems in combination with the traditional cryptographic systems.
Recovery from compromise
Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. Double-ratchet algorithm has this quality.
User identity
In a communication system it refers to anything that uniquely identifies the users to the network. Depending on the communication network, it can be a phone number, email address, username, public key or a random opaque identifier. Most messaging networks rely on some form of user identity. SimpleX appears to be the only messaging network that does not rely on any kind of user identity - see this comparison.