From f9d2bdcdfe7a982102372271bdf0f0c64fc877e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: epoberezkin <epoberezkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 08:30:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] deploy: 02864a894ea5135d950dbd2c11f338189e8eb06b

---
 ar/contact/index.html                         |   4 +-
 ar/fdroid/index.html                          |   2 +
 ar/index.html                                 |  48 +-
 ar/invitation/index.html                      |   4 +-
 bg/contact/index.html                         |   4 +-
 bg/fdroid/index.html                          |   2 +
 bg/index.html                                 |  48 +-
 bg/invitation/index.html                      |   4 +-
 blog/20201022-simplex-chat.html               |   2 +
 blog/20210512-simplex-chat-terminal-ui.html   |   2 +
 blog/20210914-simplex-chat-v0.4-released.html |   2 +
 blog/20211208-simplex-chat-v0.5-released.html |   2 +
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 ...20220214-simplex-chat-ios-public-beta.html |   2 +
 blog/20220308-simplex-chat-mobile-apps.html   |   2 +
 ...04-simplex-chat-instant-notifications.html |   2 +
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 .../20220524-simplex-chat-better-privacy.html |   2 +
 ...ex-chat-new-privacy-security-settings.html |   2 +
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 ...28-simplex-chat-v4-encrypted-database.html |   2 +
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 ...1206-simplex-chat-v4.3-voice-messages.html |   2 +
 ...mplex-chat-v4.4-disappearing-messages.html |   2 +
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 ...230301-simplex-file-transfer-protocol.html |   2 +
 ...328-simplex-chat-v4-6-hidden-profiles.html |   2 +
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 ...sage-reactions-self-destruct-passcode.html |   2 +
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 ...cal-file-encryption-directory-service.html |   2 +
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 cs/contact/index.html                         |   4 +-
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 de/contact/index.html                         |   4 +-
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 docs/guide/readme.html                        |   6 +
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 .../images}/simplex-desktop-dark-1.png        | Bin
 .../images}/simplex-desktop-dark-2.png        | Bin
 .../images}/simplex-desktop-light.png         | Bin
 docs/lang/cs/android.html                     |   2 +
 docs/lang/cs/cli.html                         |   2 +
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 docs/lang/cs/server.html                      |   2 +
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 downloads/index.html                          | 840 ++++++++++++++++++
 en/contact/index.html                         |   4 +-
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 146 files changed, 2092 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-)
 rename {img => docs/images}/simplex-desktop-dark-1.png (100%)
 rename {img => docs/images}/simplex-desktop-dark-2.png (100%)
 rename {img => docs/images}/simplex-desktop-light.png (100%)
 create mode 100644 downloads/index.html

diff --git a/ar/contact/index.html b/ar/contact/index.html
index 28409e1bc9..62ffafec5d 100644
--- a/ar/contact/index.html
+++ b/ar/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">ترجمة SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -736,7 +738,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">احصل على SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">احصل على SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/ar/fdroid/index.html b/ar/fdroid/index.html
index aa26b765fc..60f1e66e23 100644
--- a/ar/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/ar/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">ترجمة SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/ar/index.html b/ar/index.html
index c371c81382..4f154838d0 100644
--- a/ar/index.html
+++ b/ar/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">ترجمة SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -645,6 +647,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -677,7 +719,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">احصل على SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">احصل على SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1971,7 +2013,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">احصل على SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">احصل على SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1980,7 +2022,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/ar/invitation/index.html b/ar/invitation/index.html
index 6a0cc12a45..a85082ca97 100644
--- a/ar/invitation/index.html
+++ b/ar/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">ترجمة SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -736,7 +738,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">احصل على SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">احصل على SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/bg/contact/index.html b/bg/contact/index.html
index b42849eee9..6c706a521b 100644
--- a/bg/contact/index.html
+++ b/bg/contact/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/bg/fdroid/index.html b/bg/fdroid/index.html
index d3519253a1..5816e8dc77 100644
--- a/bg/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/bg/fdroid/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/bg/index.html b/bg/index.html
index 56c128d147..e311df1b40 100644
--- a/bg/index.html
+++ b/bg/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -635,6 +637,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -667,7 +709,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1961,7 +2003,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1970,7 +2012,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-anonymous-credentials" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Anonymous credentials</h4><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="anonymous-credentials">Read more</button></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-content-padding" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Content padding</h4><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="content-padding">Read more</button></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-anonymous-credentials" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Anonymous credentials</h4><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="anonymous-credentials">Read more</button></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-content-padding" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Content padding</h4><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="content-padding">Read more</button></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/bg/invitation/index.html b/bg/invitation/index.html
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                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
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         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/blog/20201022-simplex-chat.html b/blog/20201022-simplex-chat.html
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+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
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diff --git a/blog/20210512-simplex-chat-terminal-ui.html b/blog/20210512-simplex-chat-terminal-ui.html
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@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
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diff --git a/blog/20210914-simplex-chat-v0.4-released.html b/blog/20210914-simplex-chat-v0.4-released.html
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@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
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diff --git a/blog/20211208-simplex-chat-v0.5-released.html b/blog/20211208-simplex-chat-v0.5-released.html
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@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
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diff --git a/blog/20220112-simplex-chat-v1-released.html b/blog/20220112-simplex-chat-v1-released.html
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@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
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diff --git a/blog/20220214-simplex-chat-ios-public-beta.html b/blog/20220214-simplex-chat-ios-public-beta.html
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@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
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+++ b/blog/20220308-simplex-chat-mobile-apps.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20220404-simplex-chat-instant-notifications.html b/blog/20220404-simplex-chat-instant-notifications.html
index dea7c8e938..721dbab274 100644
--- a/blog/20220404-simplex-chat-instant-notifications.html
+++ b/blog/20220404-simplex-chat-instant-notifications.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20220511-simplex-chat-v2-images-files.html b/blog/20220511-simplex-chat-v2-images-files.html
index c6b9052ac0..0dcec024e2 100644
--- a/blog/20220511-simplex-chat-v2-images-files.html
+++ b/blog/20220511-simplex-chat-v2-images-files.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20220524-simplex-chat-better-privacy.html b/blog/20220524-simplex-chat-better-privacy.html
index 8967643a77..0e2f462b61 100644
--- a/blog/20220524-simplex-chat-better-privacy.html
+++ b/blog/20220524-simplex-chat-better-privacy.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20220604-simplex-chat-new-privacy-security-settings.html b/blog/20220604-simplex-chat-new-privacy-security-settings.html
index 16afa5ce40..9110ef3ee4 100644
--- a/blog/20220604-simplex-chat-new-privacy-security-settings.html
+++ b/blog/20220604-simplex-chat-new-privacy-security-settings.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20220711-simplex-chat-v3-released-ios-notifications-audio-video-calls-database-export-import-protocol-improvements.html b/blog/20220711-simplex-chat-v3-released-ios-notifications-audio-video-calls-database-export-import-protocol-improvements.html
index 7cd752424c..f386dd4f0c 100644
--- a/blog/20220711-simplex-chat-v3-released-ios-notifications-audio-video-calls-database-export-import-protocol-improvements.html
+++ b/blog/20220711-simplex-chat-v3-released-ios-notifications-audio-video-calls-database-export-import-protocol-improvements.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20220723-simplex-chat-v3.1-tor-groups-efficiency.html b/blog/20220723-simplex-chat-v3.1-tor-groups-efficiency.html
index 11fb36c983..ea05c96b1f 100644
--- a/blog/20220723-simplex-chat-v3.1-tor-groups-efficiency.html
+++ b/blog/20220723-simplex-chat-v3.1-tor-groups-efficiency.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20220808-simplex-chat-v3.1-chat-groups.html b/blog/20220808-simplex-chat-v3.1-chat-groups.html
index 07c2ddc592..44a859d94e 100644
--- a/blog/20220808-simplex-chat-v3.1-chat-groups.html
+++ b/blog/20220808-simplex-chat-v3.1-chat-groups.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20220901-simplex-chat-v3.2-incognito-mode.html b/blog/20220901-simplex-chat-v3.2-incognito-mode.html
index 9cd742c91f..572ec441ed 100644
--- a/blog/20220901-simplex-chat-v3.2-incognito-mode.html
+++ b/blog/20220901-simplex-chat-v3.2-incognito-mode.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20220928-simplex-chat-v4-encrypted-database.html b/blog/20220928-simplex-chat-v4-encrypted-database.html
index d02fcba7dc..079f5b9946 100644
--- a/blog/20220928-simplex-chat-v4-encrypted-database.html
+++ b/blog/20220928-simplex-chat-v4-encrypted-database.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html b/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html
index 94a94611e5..c9caceb47b 100644
--- a/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html
+++ b/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20221206-simplex-chat-v4.3-voice-messages.html b/blog/20221206-simplex-chat-v4.3-voice-messages.html
index 24ef0aa568..fa5a6616e4 100644
--- a/blog/20221206-simplex-chat-v4.3-voice-messages.html
+++ b/blog/20221206-simplex-chat-v4.3-voice-messages.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20230103-simplex-chat-v4.4-disappearing-messages.html b/blog/20230103-simplex-chat-v4.4-disappearing-messages.html
index afacf626c9..80660ad476 100644
--- a/blog/20230103-simplex-chat-v4.4-disappearing-messages.html
+++ b/blog/20230103-simplex-chat-v4.4-disappearing-messages.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20230204-simplex-chat-v4-5-user-chat-profiles.html b/blog/20230204-simplex-chat-v4-5-user-chat-profiles.html
index 88885dddea..9e35e90615 100644
--- a/blog/20230204-simplex-chat-v4-5-user-chat-profiles.html
+++ b/blog/20230204-simplex-chat-v4-5-user-chat-profiles.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20230301-simplex-file-transfer-protocol.html b/blog/20230301-simplex-file-transfer-protocol.html
index 632092ee60..9e0eb09f3d 100644
--- a/blog/20230301-simplex-file-transfer-protocol.html
+++ b/blog/20230301-simplex-file-transfer-protocol.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20230328-simplex-chat-v4-6-hidden-profiles.html b/blog/20230328-simplex-chat-v4-6-hidden-profiles.html
index e82d051c5f..da31790342 100644
--- a/blog/20230328-simplex-chat-v4-6-hidden-profiles.html
+++ b/blog/20230328-simplex-chat-v4-6-hidden-profiles.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20230422-simplex-chat-vision-funding-v5-videos-files-passcode.html b/blog/20230422-simplex-chat-vision-funding-v5-videos-files-passcode.html
index 346cc44493..fd21f0aca4 100644
--- a/blog/20230422-simplex-chat-vision-funding-v5-videos-files-passcode.html
+++ b/blog/20230422-simplex-chat-vision-funding-v5-videos-files-passcode.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20230523-simplex-chat-v5-1-message-reactions-self-destruct-passcode.html b/blog/20230523-simplex-chat-v5-1-message-reactions-self-destruct-passcode.html
index 6df025c649..208dae3955 100644
--- a/blog/20230523-simplex-chat-v5-1-message-reactions-self-destruct-passcode.html
+++ b/blog/20230523-simplex-chat-v5-1-message-reactions-self-destruct-passcode.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20230722-simplex-chat-v5-2-message-delivery-receipts.html b/blog/20230722-simplex-chat-v5-2-message-delivery-receipts.html
index 940653358f..ebba198af8 100644
--- a/blog/20230722-simplex-chat-v5-2-message-delivery-receipts.html
+++ b/blog/20230722-simplex-chat-v5-2-message-delivery-receipts.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/20230925-simplex-chat-v5-3-desktop-app-local-file-encryption-directory-service.html b/blog/20230925-simplex-chat-v5-3-desktop-app-local-file-encryption-directory-service.html
index dbbf1a5958..4da0822e2e 100644
--- a/blog/20230925-simplex-chat-v5-3-desktop-app-local-file-encryption-directory-service.html
+++ b/blog/20230925-simplex-chat-v5-3-desktop-app-local-file-encryption-directory-service.html
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/blog/index.html b/blog/index.html
index ba1cf0b353..0fdedf2175 100644
--- a/blog/index.html
+++ b/blog/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/contact/index.html b/contact/index.html
index e7a7c8c1a3..13eab74107 100644
--- a/contact/index.html
+++ b/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/cs/contact/index.html b/cs/contact/index.html
index 92258437f9..8491972f08 100644
--- a/cs/contact/index.html
+++ b/cs/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Získat SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Získat SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/cs/fdroid/index.html b/cs/fdroid/index.html
index 4ced6fc714..6df28e6f14 100644
--- a/cs/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/cs/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/cs/index.html b/cs/index.html
index 79c3448bf8..6df808c206 100644
--- a/cs/index.html
+++ b/cs/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
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@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
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                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Získat SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Získat SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Získat SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Získat SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/cs/invitation/index.html b/cs/invitation/index.html
index a897193630..f6321eca16 100644
--- a/cs/invitation/index.html
+++ b/cs/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Získat SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Získat SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/de/contact/index.html b/de/contact/index.html
index 38a024b145..1426da28f4 100644
--- a/de/contact/index.html
+++ b/de/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">SimpleX Chat übersetzen</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Laden Sie sich SimpleX herunter</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Laden Sie sich SimpleX herunter <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/de/fdroid/index.html b/de/fdroid/index.html
index 83b23bb5cf..0c8e23c378 100644
--- a/de/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/de/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">SimpleX Chat übersetzen</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/de/index.html b/de/index.html
index 759135bdea..cfe8e79309 100644
--- a/de/index.html
+++ b/de/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">SimpleX Chat übersetzen</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
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@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
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                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Laden Sie sich SimpleX herunter</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Laden Sie sich SimpleX herunter <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Laden Sie sich SimpleX herunter</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Laden Sie sich SimpleX herunter <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/de/invitation/index.html b/de/invitation/index.html
index d802d1dc00..6237884a3f 100644
--- a/de/invitation/index.html
+++ b/de/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">SimpleX Chat übersetzen</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Laden Sie sich SimpleX herunter</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Laden Sie sich SimpleX herunter <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/docs/android.html b/docs/android.html
index 1998bd6fd8..0c93c44a81 100644
--- a/docs/android.html
+++ b/docs/android.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -646,6 +648,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/cli.html b/docs/cli.html
index 38ba381b5b..5c27eb06ad 100644
--- a/docs/cli.html
+++ b/docs/cli.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -646,6 +648,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
@@ -768,7 +774,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 <li><a href="#build-from-source">Build from source</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li>
-<li><a href="#using-haskell-stack">Using Haskell stack</a></li>
+<li><a href="#in-any-os">Using Haskell in any OS</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
@@ -838,25 +844,38 @@ DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build --output ~/.local/bin .
 </blockquote>
 <h4 id="in-any-os" tabindex="-1">In any OS</h4>
 <ol>
-<li>Install <a href="https://www.haskell.org/ghcup/">Haskell GHCup</a>, GHC 8.10.7 and cabal:</li>
+<li>Install <a href="https://www.haskell.org/ghcup/">Haskell GHCup</a>, GHC 9.6.2 and cabal 3.10.1.0:</li>
 </ol>
 <pre><code class="language-shell">curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://get-ghcup.haskell.org | sh
 </code></pre>
+<p>You can use <code>ghcup tui</code> to check or add GHC and cabal versions.</p>
 <ol start="2">
-<li>Build the project:</li>
+<li>Clone the source code:</li>
 </ol>
 <pre><code class="language-shell">git clone git@github.com:simplex-chat/simplex-chat.git
 cd simplex-chat
 git checkout stable
-# on Linux
-apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get install -y build-essential libgmp3-dev zlib1g-dev
+# or to build a specific version:
+# git checkout v5.3.0-beta.8
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>master</code> is a development branch, it may containt unstable code.</p>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Prepare the system:</li>
+</ol>
+<p>On Linux:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-shell">apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get install -y build-essential libgmp3-dev zlib1g-dev
 cp scripts/cabal.project.local.linux cabal.project.local
-# or on MacOS:
-# brew install openssl@1.1
-# cp scripts/cabal.project.local.mac cabal.project.local
-# you may need to amend cabal.project.local to point to the actual openssl location
-cabal update
-cabal install
+</code></pre>
+<p>On Mac:</p>
+<pre><code>brew install openssl@1.1
+cp scripts/cabal.project.local.mac cabal.project.local
+</code></pre>
+<p>You may need to amend cabal.project.local to point to the actual openssl location.</p>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>Build the app:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="language-shell">cabal update
+cabal install simplex-chat
 </code></pre>
 <h2 id="usage" tabindex="-1">Usage</h2>
 <h3 id="running-the-chat-client" tabindex="-1">Running the chat client</h3>
diff --git a/docs/contributing.html b/docs/contributing.html
index 9cc1dee969..09f1783a5c 100644
--- a/docs/contributing.html
+++ b/docs/contributing.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -646,6 +648,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/directory.html b/docs/directory.html
index f0adb3c9fe..9b707a143a 100644
--- a/docs/directory.html
+++ b/docs/directory.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/glossary.html b/docs/glossary.html
index 64044db373..0b7d158098 100644
--- a/docs/glossary.html
+++ b/docs/glossary.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/guide/app-settings.html b/docs/guide/app-settings.html
index eace1a2c84..d0d77fed9e 100644
--- a/docs/guide/app-settings.html
+++ b/docs/guide/app-settings.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/guide/audio-video-calls.html b/docs/guide/audio-video-calls.html
index 8dff2ae77c..576969a018 100644
--- a/docs/guide/audio-video-calls.html
+++ b/docs/guide/audio-video-calls.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/guide/chat-profiles.html b/docs/guide/chat-profiles.html
index 34cad2d23a..3704a9bdb6 100644
--- a/docs/guide/chat-profiles.html
+++ b/docs/guide/chat-profiles.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/guide/making-connections.html b/docs/guide/making-connections.html
index 7f8ff4b8b0..37e40fad71 100644
--- a/docs/guide/making-connections.html
+++ b/docs/guide/making-connections.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/guide/managing-data.html b/docs/guide/managing-data.html
index ab25207ec3..8af3a36f39 100644
--- a/docs/guide/managing-data.html
+++ b/docs/guide/managing-data.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/guide/privacy-security.html b/docs/guide/privacy-security.html
index fc30b1a87e..60bca1213c 100644
--- a/docs/guide/privacy-security.html
+++ b/docs/guide/privacy-security.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/guide/readme.html b/docs/guide/readme.html
index 12835ef935..cb49ecf5f4 100644
--- a/docs/guide/readme.html
+++ b/docs/guide/readme.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/guide/secret-groups.html b/docs/guide/secret-groups.html
index 9706005a08..f7183ce8f8 100644
--- a/docs/guide/secret-groups.html
+++ b/docs/guide/secret-groups.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/guide/send-messages.html b/docs/guide/send-messages.html
index 5a767bb448..3f895b7056 100644
--- a/docs/guide/send-messages.html
+++ b/docs/guide/send-messages.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/img/simplex-desktop-dark-1.png b/docs/images/simplex-desktop-dark-1.png
similarity index 100%
rename from img/simplex-desktop-dark-1.png
rename to docs/images/simplex-desktop-dark-1.png
diff --git a/img/simplex-desktop-dark-2.png b/docs/images/simplex-desktop-dark-2.png
similarity index 100%
rename from img/simplex-desktop-dark-2.png
rename to docs/images/simplex-desktop-dark-2.png
diff --git a/img/simplex-desktop-light.png b/docs/images/simplex-desktop-light.png
similarity index 100%
rename from img/simplex-desktop-light.png
rename to docs/images/simplex-desktop-light.png
diff --git a/docs/lang/cs/android.html b/docs/lang/cs/android.html
index 22b7f1725b..99b83ccddc 100644
--- a/docs/lang/cs/android.html
+++ b/docs/lang/cs/android.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/cs/cli.html b/docs/lang/cs/cli.html
index e891c11466..ea99c303bd 100644
--- a/docs/lang/cs/cli.html
+++ b/docs/lang/cs/cli.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/cs/contributing.html b/docs/lang/cs/contributing.html
index cd3f8dab93..7dbb2a1553 100644
--- a/docs/lang/cs/contributing.html
+++ b/docs/lang/cs/contributing.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/cs/server.html b/docs/lang/cs/server.html
index 30a6e56aa1..d40e877f6b 100644
--- a/docs/lang/cs/server.html
+++ b/docs/lang/cs/server.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/cs/simplex.html b/docs/lang/cs/simplex.html
index 1f09fc4a33..41686b628a 100644
--- a/docs/lang/cs/simplex.html
+++ b/docs/lang/cs/simplex.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/cs/sql.html b/docs/lang/cs/sql.html
index 4654b45941..648342417d 100644
--- a/docs/lang/cs/sql.html
+++ b/docs/lang/cs/sql.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/cs/translations.html b/docs/lang/cs/translations.html
index c7233bd99a..cf6167daed 100644
--- a/docs/lang/cs/translations.html
+++ b/docs/lang/cs/translations.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/cs/webrtc.html b/docs/lang/cs/webrtc.html
index 2504431b52..2159d5cfab 100644
--- a/docs/lang/cs/webrtc.html
+++ b/docs/lang/cs/webrtc.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Přeložit SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/fr/android.html b/docs/lang/fr/android.html
index aac2373f33..683b65387d 100644
--- a/docs/lang/fr/android.html
+++ b/docs/lang/fr/android.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/fr/cli.html b/docs/lang/fr/cli.html
index 977861c569..9de3799389 100644
--- a/docs/lang/fr/cli.html
+++ b/docs/lang/fr/cli.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/fr/contributing.html b/docs/lang/fr/contributing.html
index 86e1ab1c08..665c13933e 100644
--- a/docs/lang/fr/contributing.html
+++ b/docs/lang/fr/contributing.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/fr/server.html b/docs/lang/fr/server.html
index 829f2ee7c5..8654328658 100644
--- a/docs/lang/fr/server.html
+++ b/docs/lang/fr/server.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/fr/simplex.html b/docs/lang/fr/simplex.html
index 3756445782..fc18cd492f 100644
--- a/docs/lang/fr/simplex.html
+++ b/docs/lang/fr/simplex.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/fr/sql.html b/docs/lang/fr/sql.html
index a4b3dfedca..64915e5587 100644
--- a/docs/lang/fr/sql.html
+++ b/docs/lang/fr/sql.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/fr/translations.html b/docs/lang/fr/translations.html
index 8fbf82aca5..0b79e84801 100644
--- a/docs/lang/fr/translations.html
+++ b/docs/lang/fr/translations.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/lang/fr/webrtc.html b/docs/lang/fr/webrtc.html
index 20f5ea4c03..7c7524de17 100644
--- a/docs/lang/fr/webrtc.html
+++ b/docs/lang/fr/webrtc.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/docs/protocol/simplex-chat.html b/docs/protocol/simplex-chat.html
index e3a8954db0..0ea76a38a4 100644
--- a/docs/protocol/simplex-chat.html
+++ b/docs/protocol/simplex-chat.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/server.html b/docs/server.html
index 765b4afad3..40bf6d73da 100644
--- a/docs/server.html
+++ b/docs/server.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -646,6 +648,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/simplex.html b/docs/simplex.html
index b82ad5faf0..a84e20c688 100644
--- a/docs/simplex.html
+++ b/docs/simplex.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -646,6 +648,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/sql.html b/docs/sql.html
index aca38adea8..988dbee49c 100644
--- a/docs/sql.html
+++ b/docs/sql.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -646,6 +648,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/themes.html b/docs/themes.html
index b31bffc660..38ac858afd 100644
--- a/docs/themes.html
+++ b/docs/themes.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/translations.html b/docs/translations.html
index 454d8c1ab8..0b32ca9978 100644
--- a/docs/translations.html
+++ b/docs/translations.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class="active lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -646,6 +648,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/webrtc.html b/docs/webrtc.html
index 75e339a224..e3e5b3b10b 100644
--- a/docs/webrtc.html
+++ b/docs/webrtc.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -646,6 +648,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/docs/xftp-server.html b/docs/xftp-server.html
index 2928efb9b0..cffb23d994 100644
--- a/docs/xftp-server.html
+++ b/docs/xftp-server.html
@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -568,6 +570,10 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                                                     <a class="active" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
                                                 </li>
                                             
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
                                         </ul>
                                     
                                 
diff --git a/downloads/index.html b/downloads/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfe5ee53c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/downloads/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,840 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en"
+    
+        
+            dir="ltr"
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    
+        
+    >
+
+    <head>
+        <meta charset="UTF-8">
+        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
+        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+        <title>Download SimpleX apps</title>
+        <meta name="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/>
+
+        <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="/img/favicon.ico"/>
+        <link href="/css/tailwind.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
+        <link id="prism-theme" rel="stylesheet" href="/css/prism-light.min.css"/>
+        <link href="/css/style.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/doc.css"/>
+        <script async defer src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script>
+    </head>
+
+    <body class="bg-[#F3F6F7] dark:bg-[#0C0B13]">
+        <section class="w-full bg-transparent fixed top-0 z-50">
+            
+
+
+    
+        
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+    
+
+
+<header class="">
+    <div class="flex items-center flex-row justify-end m-auto px-4 lg:px-7 h-[66px]">
+        <a href="/" class="h-full hidden dark:hidden lg:flex items-center ltr:mr-auto rtl:ml-auto"><img class="w-auto max-h-[50px] pr-10" src="/img/new/logo-light.png" alt="logo" /></a>
+        <a href="/" class="h-full hidden dark:lg:flex items-center ltr:mr-auto rtl:ml-auto"><img class="w-auto max-h-[50px] pr-10" src="/img/new/logo-dark.png" alt="logo" /></a>
+        <a href="/" class="dark:hidden lg:hidden ltr:mr-auto rtl:ml-auto"><img class="h-[32px]" src="/img/new/logo-symbol-light.svg" alt="" srcset=""></a>
+        <a href="/" class="hidden dark:inline-block dark:lg:hidden lg:hidden ltr:mr-auto rtl:ml-auto"><img class="h-[32px]" src="/img/new/logo-symbol-dark.svg" alt="" srcset=""></a>
+        
+        <nav class="bg-[#F0F1F2] dark:bg-gradient-radial-mobile dark:lg:bg-none lg:bg-transparent fixed top-[66px] left-0 right-0 bottom-0 lg:top-0 lg:relative" id="menu">
+            <div class="flex flex-col lg:flex-row justify-between lg:items-center gap-5 xl:gap-10 px-4 lg:px-0 h-full">
+                <ul class="flex flex-col lg:flex-row lg:items-center gap-3 py-4 lg:py-0 lg:gap-5 xl:gap-8">
+                    
+                    <li class="nav-link relative ">
+                        <a href="/" class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 lg:py-5 whitespace-nowrap">
+                            <span class="text-[16px] leading-[26px] tracking-[0.01em] nav-link-text text-black dark:text-white before:bg-black dark:before:bg-white">Home</span>
+                        </a>                        
+                    </li>
+
+                    <hr class="dark:opacity-[0.1]" >
+
+                    <li class="nav-link relative">
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 lg:py-5">
+                            <span class="text-[16px] leading-[26px] tracking-[0.01em] text-black dark:text-white before:bg-black dark:before:bg-white">Guide</span>
+                            <span href="" id="btn-mobile" class="flex items-center justify-center h-[36px] w-[36px] lg:h-auto lg:w-auto mt-1">
+                                <svg class="fill-black dark:fill-white" width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                                    <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.50447 0.902966C1.21571 0.627397 0.747525 0.627397 0.458761 0.902966C0.169996 1.17853 0.169996 1.62532 0.458761 1.90089L4.21933 5.48961C4.25543 5.52406 4.29433 5.5542 4.33533 5.58003C4.62234 5.76088 5.01237 5.73074 5.26504 5.48961L9.02561 1.90089C9.31438 1.62532 9.31438 1.17853 9.02561 0.902966C8.73685 0.627397 8.26867 0.627397 7.97991 0.902966L4.74219 3.99273L1.50447 0.902966Z"/>
+                                </svg>
+                            </span>
+                        </a>
+                        
+                        <ul class="flex flex-col items-start gap-2 lg:h-fit lg:absolute lg:bg-white dark:lg:bg-black top-full lg:mt-[10px] lg:py-4 min-w-[180px] rounded-md lg:shadow-[0_0_3px_rgb(60_72_88_/_15%)] sub-menu">
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/guide/readme.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Quick start</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/guide/send-messages.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Sending messages</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/guide/secret-groups.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Secret groups</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/guide/chat-profiles.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Chat profiles</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/guide/managing-data.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Managing data</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/guide/audio-video-calls.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Audio & video Calls</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/guide/privacy-security.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Privacy & security</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/guide/app-settings.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">App settings</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/guide/making-connections.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Making connections</a></li>
+                            
+                        </ul>
+                    </li>
+
+                    <hr class="dark:opacity-[0.1]" >
+
+                    <li class="nav-link relative">
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 lg:py-5">
+                            <span class="text-[16px] leading-[26px] tracking-[0.01em] text-black dark:text-white before:bg-black dark:before:bg-white">Reference</span>
+                            <span href="" id="btn-mobile" class="flex items-center justify-center h-[36px] w-[36px] lg:h-auto lg:w-auto mt-1">
+                                <svg class="fill-black dark:fill-white" width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                                    <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.50447 0.902966C1.21571 0.627397 0.747525 0.627397 0.458761 0.902966C0.169996 1.17853 0.169996 1.62532 0.458761 1.90089L4.21933 5.48961C4.25543 5.52406 4.29433 5.5542 4.33533 5.58003C4.62234 5.76088 5.01237 5.73074 5.26504 5.48961L9.02561 1.90089C9.31438 1.62532 9.31438 1.17853 9.02561 0.902966C8.73685 0.627397 8.26867 0.627397 7.97991 0.902966L4.74219 3.99273L1.50447 0.902966Z"/>
+                                </svg>
+                            </span>
+                        </a>
+                        
+                        <ul class="flex flex-col items-start gap-2 lg:h-fit lg:absolute lg:bg-white dark:lg:bg-black top-full lg:mt-[10px] lg:py-4 min-w-[180px] rounded-md lg:shadow-[0_0_3px_rgb(60_72_88_/_15%)] sub-menu">
+                            <li><a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplexmq/blob/stable/protocol/overview-tjr.md"
+                                target="_blank" class="lg:px-[20px] flex items-center gap-1"
+                                >Whitepaper
+                                <svg class="float-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg>
+                            </a></li>
+                            <li><a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplexmq/blob/stable/protocol/simplex-messaging.md"
+                                target="_blank" class="lg:px-[20px] flex items-center gap-1"
+                                >SMP protocol
+                                <svg class="float-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg>
+                            </a></li>
+                            <li><a href="/docs/protocol/simplex-chat.html" class="lg:px-[20px] inline-block"
+                                >Chat protocol</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="/docs/glossary.html" class="lg:px-[20px] inline-block"
+                                >Glossary</a></li>
+                            
+                            <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
+                            
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/simplex.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">SimpleX platform</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/directory.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">SimpleX Directory Service</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/android.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Accessing Android files</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/sql.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Accessing chat database</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/server.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Host SMP Server</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/xftp-server.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Host XFTP Server</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/webrtc.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">WebRTC servers</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
+                            
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class="active lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
+
+                            <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
+
+                            <li><a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/blob/stable/apps/simplex-bot-advanced/Main.hs"
+                                target="_blank" class="lg:px-[20px] flex items-center gap-1"
+                                >Chat bot example
+                                <svg class="float-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg>
+                            </a></li>
+                            <li><a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/tree/stable/packages/simplex-chat-client/typescript"
+                                target="_blank" class="lg:px-[20px] flex items-center gap-1"
+                                >TypeScript SDK
+                                <svg class="float-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg>
+                            </a></li>
+                            <li><a href="/docs/cli.html" class="lg:px-[20px] inline-block"
+                                >Terminal CLI</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplexmq"
+                                target="_blank" class="lg:px-[20px] flex items-center gap-1"
+                                >SimpleXMQ
+                                <svg class="float-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg>
+                            </a></li>
+                        </ul>
+                    </li>
+
+                    <hr class="dark:opacity-[0.1]" >
+
+                    <li class="nav-link relative ">
+                        <a href="/jobs" class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 lg:py-5 whitespace-nowrap">
+                            <span class="text-[16px] leading-[26px] tracking-[0.01em] nav-link-text text-black dark:text-white before:bg-black dark:before:bg-white">Join team</span>
+                        </a>                        
+                    </li>
+
+                    <hr class="dark:opacity-[0.1]" >
+
+                    <li class="nav-link relative ">
+                        <a href="/blog" class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 lg:py-5">
+                            <span class="text-[16px] leading-[26px] tracking-[0.01em] nav-link-text text-black dark:text-white before:bg-black dark:before:bg-white">Blog</span>
+                        </a>
+                    </li>
+                </ul>
+
+                <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat#help-us-with-donations"
+                    target="_blank" class="whitespace-nowrap flex items-center gap-1 self-center text-white dark:text-black text-[16px] font-medium tracking-[0.02em] rounded-[34px] bg-primary-light dark:bg-primary-dark py-3 lg:py-2 px-20 lg:px-5 mb-16 lg:mb-0"
+                    >Donate
+                </a>
+
+                <div class="inline-block dark:hidden self-center mt-[8px]">
+                    <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat" data-size="large"
+                        data-show-count="true" aria-label="Star simplex-chat on GitHub">Star</a>
+                </div>
+
+                <div class="hidden dark:inline-block self-center mt-[8px]">
+                    <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat" data-size="large"
+                        data-color-scheme="no-preference: dark; light: dark; dark: dark;"
+                        data-show-count="true" aria-label="Star simplex-chat on GitHub">Star</a>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </nav>
+
+        
+        <div class="nav-link relative flag-container">
+            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="flex items-center justify-end ltr:ml-8 ltr:lg:ml-5 ltr:xl:ml-10 rtl:mr-8 rtl:lg:mr-5 rtl:xl:mr-10 h-6 w-8 whitespace-nowrap">
+                
+                    
+                        
+                            <img src="/img/flags/en.svg" alt="" srcset="">
+                        
+                    
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+                    
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+                    
+                
+                    
+                
+                    
+                
+                    
+                
+                    
+                
+                    
+                
+                    
+                
+                    
+                
+            </a>
+            
+            <ul class="flex flex-col items-start gap-2 h-fit absolute top-11 -left-10 bg-white dark:bg-black mt-[10px] py-4 min-w-[170px] rounded-md shadow-[0_0_3px_rgb(60_72_88_/_15%)] sub-menu overflow-auto">
+                
+                    
+                        
+                            
+                                <li>
+                                    
+                                        <a href="undefined" class="px-[20px] flex items-center gap-4 flag-anchor whitespace-nowrap">
+                                            <img class="h-4" src="/img/flags/en.svg" alt="" srcset="">
+                                            <p>English</p>
+                                        </a>
+                                     
+                                </li>
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                            
+                        
+                    
+                
+            </ul>
+        </div>
+        
+
+        <button href="#" class="flex items-center justify-center h-[36px] w-[36px] ltr:ml-8 ltr:lg:ml-4 ltr:xl:ml-8 rtl:mr-8 rtl:lg:mr-4 rtl:xl:mr-8 theme-switch-btn">
+            <img src="/img/new/sun.svg"  alt="" srcset="" class="sun">
+            <img src="/img/new/moon.svg" alt="" srcset="" class="moon">
+        </button>
+
+        <button href="" id="btn-mobile" class="flex lg:hidden items-center justify-center h-[36px] w-[36px] ltr:ml-8 ltr:lg:ml-5 ltr:xl:ml-10 rtl:mr-8 rtl:lg:mr-5 rtl:xl:mr-10 nav-toggle-btn">
+            <img src="/img/new/hamburger.svg" id="hamburger" alt="" srcset="">
+            <svg class="fill-black dark:fill-white hidden" id="cross" width="13" height="13" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z" />
+            </svg>
+        </button>
+    </div>
+</header>
+
+
+<SCript>
+// switch theme
+const sunIcon = document.querySelector('.sun');
+const moonIcon = document.querySelector('.moon');
+
+const userTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme');
+const systemTheme = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches;
+const prismThemeLink = document.getElementById('prism-theme')
+
+const iconToggle = () => {
+    sunIcon.classList.toggle('hidden');
+    moonIcon.classList.toggle('hidden');
+}
+
+const themeCheck = () => {
+    if(userTheme === 'dark' || (!userTheme && systemTheme)){
+        document.documentElement.classList.add('dark');
+        moonIcon.classList.add('hidden');
+        if(prismThemeLink){
+            prismThemeLink.setAttribute('href','/css/prism-dark.min.css')
+        }
+    }
+    else{
+        sunIcon.classList.add('hidden');
+        if(prismThemeLink){
+            prismThemeLink.setAttribute('href','/css/prism-light.min.css')
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const themeSwitch = () => {
+    if(document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark')){
+        document.documentElement.classList.remove('dark');
+        localStorage.setItem('theme','light');
+        if(prismThemeLink){
+            prismThemeLink.setAttribute('href','/css/prism-light.min.css')
+        }
+        iconToggle();
+    }
+    else{
+        document.documentElement.classList.add('dark');
+        localStorage.setItem('theme','dark');
+        if(prismThemeLink){
+            prismThemeLink.setAttribute('href','/css/prism-dark.min.css')
+        }
+        iconToggle();
+    }
+}
+
+const nav = document.querySelector('header nav');
+window.addEventListener('click',(e)=>{
+    if(e.target.closest('.nav-link')){
+        if(e.target.closest('.nav-link').classList.contains('active')){
+            e.target.closest('.nav-link').classList.remove('active');
+        }
+        else{
+            document.querySelectorAll('.nav-link').forEach(el => el.classList.remove('active'))
+            e.target.closest('.nav-link').classList.add('active');
+        }
+    }
+    else if(e.target.closest('.nav-toggle-btn')){
+        document.body.classList.toggle('lock-scroll');
+        if(nav.classList.contains('open')){
+            nav.classList.remove('open');
+            document.getElementById('hamburger').classList.remove('hidden');
+            document.getElementById('cross').classList.add('hidden');
+        }
+        else{
+            nav.classList.add('open');
+            document.getElementById('hamburger').classList.add('hidden');
+            document.getElementById('cross').classList.remove('hidden');
+        }
+    }
+    else if(e.target.closest('.theme-switch-btn')){
+        themeSwitch();
+    }
+})
+
+themeCheck();
+
+const changeHeaderBg = ()=>{
+    const header = document.querySelector('header')
+    const scrollValue = window.scrollY
+    if(scrollValue > 5){
+        header.classList.add('bg-primary-bg-light');
+        header.classList.add('dark:bg-primary-bg-dark');
+    }
+    else{
+        header.classList.remove('bg-primary-bg-light');
+        header.classList.remove('dark:bg-primary-bg-dark');
+    }
+}
+
+window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
+</SCript>
+        </section>
+
+        <section id="doc" class="bg-white dark:bg-[#17203D] mt-[66px]">
+            <div>
+                <main>
+                    <aside class="sidebar px-4 lg:px-7">
+                        <div class="h-[66px] lg:h-0">
+                            <a href="/" class="h-full flex dark:hidden lg:hidden items-center ltr:mr-auto rtl:ml-auto"><img class="w-auto max-h-[50px] pr-10" src="/img/new/logo-light.png" alt="logo"/></a>
+                            <a href="/" class="h-full hidden dark:flex dark:lg:hidden items-center ltr:mr-auto rtl:ml-auto"><img class="w-auto max-h-[50px] pr-10" src="/img/new/logo-dark.png" alt="logo"/></a>
+                        </div>
+                        <ul class="!my-4">
+                            
+                                
+                                
+                                    
+                                        
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+
+                                
+                                    
+                                        <p class="">Guide</p>
+                                        <ul>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/guide/readme.html">Quick start</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/guide/send-messages.html">Sending messages</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/guide/secret-groups.html">Secret groups</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/guide/chat-profiles.html">Chat profiles</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/guide/managing-data.html">Managing data</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/guide/audio-video-calls.html">Audio &amp; video Calls</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/guide/privacy-security.html">Privacy &amp; security</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/guide/app-settings.html">App settings</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/guide/making-connections.html">Making connections</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                        </ul>
+                                    
+                                
+                            
+                                
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                        
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+
+                                
+                                    
+                                        <p class="">Reference</p>
+                                        <ul>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/simplex.html">SimpleX platform</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/directory.html">SimpleX Directory Service</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/android.html">Accessing files in Android app</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/cli.html">Terminal CLI</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/sql.html">Accessing messages in the database</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/contributing.html">Contributing guide</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/server.html">Hosting your own SMP Server</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/translations.html">Contributing translations to SimpleX Chat</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/webrtc.html">Using custom WebRTC ICE servers in SimpleX Chat</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/xftp-server.html">Hosting your own XFTP Server</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="active" href="/downloads/">Download SimpleX apps</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                        </ul>
+                                    
+                                
+                            
+                                
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                        
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                            
+                                
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                        
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                            
+                                
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                
+                                    
+                                        
+                                    
+                                
+
+                                
+                                    
+                                        <p class="">Protocol</p>
+                                        <ul>
+                                            
+                                                <li>
+                                                    <a class="" href="/docs/protocol/simplex-chat.html">SimpleX Chat Protocol</a>
+                                                </li>
+                                            
+                                        </ul>
+                                    
+                                
+                            
+                    </ul>
+                </aside>
+                <article class="content px-4 lg:px-7">
+
+                    
+
+                    <div class="sticky top-[66px] bg-white dark:bg-[#17203D] z-[49] !py-2 lg:hidden">
+                        <div class="relative flex items-center justify-between">
+                            <button class="menu flex items-center gap-2">
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="menu-icon h-4 w-4 fill-[rgb(60,60,60)] dark:fill-white">
+                                    <path d="M17,11H3c-0.6,0-1-0.4-1-1s0.4-1,1-1h14c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1S17.6,11,17,11z"></path>
+                                    <path d="M21,7H3C2.4,7,2,6.6,2,6s0.4-1,1-1h18c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1S21.6,7,21,7z"></path>
+                                    <path d="M21,15H3c-0.6,0-1-0.4-1-1s0.4-1,1-1h18c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1S21.6,15,21,15z"></path>
+                                    <path d="M17,19H3c-0.6,0-1-0.4-1-1s0.4-1,1-1h14c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1S17.6,19,17,19z"></path>
+                                </svg>
+                                <span class="!text-[rgb(60,60,60)] dark:!text-white">Menu</span>
+                            </button>
+
+                            <div class="nav-link">
+                                <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="flex items-center gap-2 !no-underline !text-[rgb(60,60,60)] dark:!text-white">
+                                    <span class="">On this page</span>
+                                    <span href="" id="btn-mobile" class="flex items-center justify-center h-auto w-auto mt-1">
+                                        <svg class="fill-black dark:fill-white" width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                                            <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.50447 0.902966C1.21571 0.627397 0.747525 0.627397 0.458761 0.902966C0.169996 1.17853 0.169996 1.62532 0.458761 1.90089L4.21933 5.48961C4.25543 5.52406 4.29433 5.5542 4.33533 5.58003C4.62234 5.76088 5.01237 5.73074 5.26504 5.48961L9.02561 1.90089C9.31438 1.62532 9.31438 1.17853 9.02561 0.902966C8.73685 0.627397 8.26867 0.627397 7.97991 0.902966L4.74219 3.99273L1.50447 0.902966Z"/>
+                                        </svg>
+                                    </span>
+                                </a>
+
+                                <ul class="flex flex-col items-start gap-2 absolute bg-white dark:bg-black top-full left-0 right-0 mt-[10px] w-full h-auto rounded-md shadow-[0_0_3px_rgb(60_72_88_/_15%)] sub-menu hash-list">
+                                    <li class="mb-5">
+                                        <a href="#" id="back-to-top">Back to top</a>
+                                    </li>
+                                </ul>
+                            </div>
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                    <div><p>| Updated 20.09.2023 | Languages: EN |</p>
+<h1 id="download-simplex-apps" tabindex="-1">Download SimpleX apps</h1>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#desktop-app">desktop</a></li>
+<li><a href="#mobile-apps">mobile</a></li>
+<li><a href="#terminal-console-app">terminal</a> (console)</li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="desktop-app" tabindex="-1">Desktop app</h2>
+<img src="/docs/images/simplex-desktop-light.png" alt="desktop app" width=500>
+<p>The latest version of desktop app is v5.3-beta.8 (1.6.0 in the app).</p>
+<p>Using the same profile as on mobile device is not yet supported – you need to create a separate profile to use desktop apps.</p>
+<p><strong>Linux</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/download/v5.3.0-beta.8/simplex-desktop-x86_64.AppImage">AppImage</a> (most Linux distros), <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/download/v5.3.0-beta.8/simplex-desktop-ubuntu-20_04-x86_64.deb">Ubuntu 20.04</a> (and Debian-based distros), <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/download/v5.3.0-beta.8/simplex-desktop-ubuntu-22_04-x86_64.deb">Ubuntu 22.04</a>.</p>
+<p><strong>Mac</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/download/v5.3.0-beta.8/simplex-desktop-macos-x86_64.dmg">x86_64</a> (Intel), <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/download/v5.3.0-beta.8/simplex-desktop-macos-aarch64.dmg">aarch64</a> (Apple Silicon).</p>
+<p><strong>Windows</strong>: coming soon.</p>
+<h2 id="mobile-apps" tabindex="-1">Mobile apps</h2>
+<p><strong>iOS</strong>: <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084">App store</a> (v5.2.3), <a href="https://testflight.apple.com/join/DWuT2LQu">TestFlight</a> (v5.3-beta.8).</p>
+<p><strong>Android</strong>: <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app">Play store</a>, <a href="https://simplex.chat/fdroid/">F-Droid</a>, <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/download/v5.3.0-beta.8/simplex.apk">APK aarch64</a>, <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/download/v5.3.0-beta.8/simplex-armv7a.apk">APK armv7</a>.</p>
+<h2 id="terminal-console-app" tabindex="-1">Terminal (console) app</h2>
+<p>See <a href="/docs/cli.html">Using terminal app</a>.</p>
+<p><strong>Linux</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/download/v5.3.0-beta.8/simplex-chat-ubuntu-20_04-x86-64">Ubuntu 20.04</a>, <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/download/v5.3.0-beta.8/simplex-chat-ubuntu-22_04-x86-64">Ubuntu 22.04</a>.</p>
+<p><strong>Mac</strong> <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/download/v5.3.0-beta.8/simplex-chat-macos-x86-64">x86_64</a>, aarch64 - <a href="cli.html#">compile from source</a>.</p>
+<p><strong>Windows</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/download/v5.3.0-beta.8/simplex-chat-windows-x86-64">x86_64</a>.</p>
+</div>
+                </article>
+            </main>
+        </div>
+    </section>
+
+    
+<section class="bg-[#D9E7ED] dark:bg-[#0E2B57] py-[50px]">
+    <div class="container">
+        <div class="flex flex-col lg:flex-row justify-between">
+            <div class="flex flex-col items-center lg:items-start">
+                <a href="/" class="h-full mb-14 dark:hidden"><img class="w-auto h-[46px]" src="/img/new/logo-light.png" alt="logo" /></a>
+                <a href="/" class="h-full mb-14 hidden dark:inline-block"><img class="w-auto h-[46px]" src="/img/new/logo-dark.png" alt="logo" /></a>
+
+                <div class="flex flex-col items-center lg:items-start lg:flex-row gap-[150px] lg:gap-[350px]">
+                    <div class="flex flex-col items-center lg:items-start">
+                        <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplexmq/blob/stable/protocol/overview-tjr.md"
+                            target="_blank"
+                            class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-[14px] font-medium leading-[28px] tracking-[0.01em] mb-3 flex items-center gap-1">
+                            SimpleX Whitepaper
+                            <svg class="float-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg>
+                        </a>
+                        <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/blob/stable/docs/protocol/simplex-chat.md"
+                            target="_blank"
+                            class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-[14px] font-medium leading-[28px] tracking-[0.01em] mb-3 flex items-center gap-1">
+                            SimpleX Chat protocol
+                            <svg class="float-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg>
+                        </a>
+                        <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/blob/stable/PRIVACY.md"
+                            target="_blank"
+                            class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-[14px] font-medium leading-[28px] tracking-[0.01em] mb-3 flex items-center gap-1">
+                            Terms & Privacy Policy
+                            <svg class="float-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg>
+                        </a>
+                        <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat#help-us-with-donations"
+                            target="_blank"
+                            class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-[14px] font-medium leading-[28px] tracking-[0.01em] mb-3 flex items-center gap-1">
+                            Donate
+                            <svg class="float-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg>
+                        </a>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="flex flex-col items-center lg:items-start">
+                        <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/blob/stable/docs/CLI.md"
+                            target="_blank"
+                            class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-[14px] font-medium leading-[28px] tracking-[0.01em] mb-3 flex items-center gap-1">
+                            Terminal CLI
+                            <svg class="float-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg>
+                        </a>
+                        <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/tree/stable/packages/simplex-chat-client/typescript"
+                            target="_blank"
+                            class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-[14px] font-medium leading-[28px] tracking-[0.01em] mb-3 flex items-center gap-1">
+                            TypeScript SDK
+                            <svg class="float-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg>
+                        </a>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <article class="mt-10 lg:mt-0">
+                <div class="h-[40px] flex flex-col gap-2 justify-center">
+                    <div class="flex gap-2 justify-center">
+                        <a href="https://simplex.chat/contact#/?v=1&smp=smp%3A%2F%2FPQUV2eL0t7OStZOoAsPEV2QYWt4-xilbakvGUGOItUo%3D%40smp6.simplex.im%2FK1rslx-m5bpXVIdMZg9NLUZ_8JBm8xTt%23%2F%3Fv%3D1%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEALDeVe-sG8mRY22LsXlPgiwTNs9dbiLrNuA7f3ZMAJ2w%253D%26srv%3Dbylepyau3ty4czmn77q4fglvperknl4bi2eb2fdy2bh4jxtf32kf73yd.onion">
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+                                <path d="M211.584 320.586C209.815 327.718 205.697 332.587 199.022 334.947C187.008 339.195 174.408 330.062 174.009 317.062C173.668 305.961 182.848 295.898 194.995 297.097C205.829 298.167 213.642 308.802 211.704 319.765C211.665 319.99 211.64 320.217 211.584 320.586Z" />
+                                <path d="M329.711 333.271C318.43 340.029 304.431 333.604 301.503 320.932C298.905 309.69 306.679 298.39 317.818 297.12C326.654 296.113 334.965 301.539 337.867 309.879C340.84 318.426 337.83 327.72 330.389 332.84C330.202 332.968 330.01 333.089 329.711 333.271Z" />
+                            </svg>
+                        </a>
+                        <a href="mailto:chat@simplex.chat" target="_blank">
+                            <svg class="fill-primary-light dark:fill-primary-dark" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                                <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M512 256C512 397.385 397.385 512 256 512C114.615 512 0 397.385 0 256C0 114.615 114.615 0 256 0C397.385 0 512 114.615 512 256ZM149.744 205.384L166.479 218.68C192.394 239.268 218.153 259.732 243.918 280.188C254.117 288.285 257.065 288.23 267.363 280.05C310.416 245.847 353.478 211.655 396.54 177.463L400.139 174.605L413.302 164.153C414.537 163.173 415.803 162.232 418.049 160.511V167.062L418.05 212.292C418.05 257.522 418.051 302.752 418.045 347.982C418.044 359.363 414.904 362.477 403.495 362.477L283.932 362.479C225.163 362.479 166.395 362.479 107.626 362.477C96.1521 362.477 93.0066 359.391 93.0051 348.06C92.9968 287.587 93.001 227.114 93.001 166.641V160.359C112.401 175.751 130.933 190.456 149.744 205.384ZM116.095 149C126.458 157.244 135.905 164.758 145.633 172.489C166.835 189.321 187.943 206.083 209.045 222.84L255.556 259.775L395.017 149H116.095Z" />
+                            </svg>
+                        </a>
+                    </div>
+
+                    <div class="flex gap-2 justify-center">
+                        <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat" target="_blank">
+                            <svg class="fill-primary-light dark:fill-primary-dark" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 41 41" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                                <path d="M20.2907 0.926758C9.24635 0.926758 0.290527 10.1075 0.290527 21.4331C0.290527 30.4933 6.02118 38.18 13.9679 40.8915C14.9674 41.0813 15.3344 40.4467 15.3344 39.905C15.3344 39.4161 15.3158 37.8007 15.3072 36.0872C9.74314 37.3277 8.56906 33.6677 8.56906 33.6677C7.65927 31.2975 6.3484 30.6672 6.3484 30.6672C4.53379 29.3945 6.48519 29.4206 6.48519 29.4206C8.49355 29.5653 9.55105 31.5338 9.55105 31.5338C11.3349 34.6688 14.2298 33.7624 15.3711 33.2385C15.5506 31.9131 16.069 31.0085 16.6409 30.4964C12.1986 29.9779 7.52878 28.2195 7.52878 20.3621C7.52878 18.1232 8.31007 16.294 9.58947 14.8579C9.38181 14.3414 8.69723 12.2557 9.78322 9.43111C9.78322 9.43111 11.4627 8.87998 15.2847 11.5331C16.8801 11.0787 18.591 10.8509 20.2907 10.8431C21.9904 10.8509 23.7027 11.0787 25.301 11.5331C29.1183 8.87998 30.7955 9.43111 30.7955 9.43111C31.8842 12.2557 31.1992 14.3414 30.9916 14.8579C32.274 16.294 33.05 18.1232 33.05 20.3621C33.05 28.2382 28.3712 29.9724 23.9176
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+                            </svg>
+                        </a>
+                        <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/SimpleXChat/" target="_blank">
+                            <svg class="fill-primary-light dark:fill-primary-dark" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 41 41" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                                <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20.874 40.9268C31.9197 40.9268 40.874 31.9724 40.874 20.9268C40.874 9.88108 31.9197 0.926758 20.874 0.926758C9.82834 0.926758 0.874023 9.88108 0.874023 20.9268C0.874023 31.9724 9.82834 40.9268 20.874 40.9268ZM30.4091 16.615C31.9031 16.615 33.1157 17.8276 33.1157 19.3216C33.1157 20.426 32.4445 21.3787 31.5567 21.8118C31.6 22.0716 31.6217 22.3315 31.6217 22.613C31.6217 26.7705 26.7929 30.1268 20.8165 30.1268C14.8402 30.1268 10.0114 26.7705 10.0114 22.613C10.0114 22.3315 10.0331 22.05 10.0764 21.7902C9.12362 21.3571 8.47402 20.426 8.47402 19.3216C8.47402 17.8276 9.68662 16.615 11.1807 16.615C11.8953 16.615 12.5665 16.9181 13.0429 17.3728C14.9051 16.0086 17.4819 15.1642 20.3618 15.0776L21.726 8.6248C21.7693 8.49488 21.8343 8.3866 21.9425 8.32164C22.0508 8.25668 22.1807 8.23504 22.3106 8.25668L26.7929 9.20944C27.0961 8.55984 27.7457 8.12676 28.5035 8.12676C29.5646 8.12676 30.4307 8.99292 30.4307
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+                                    19.3216 25.0173 19.3216C23.9563 19.3216 23.0902 20.1878 23.0902 21.2488Z" />
+                            </svg>
+                        </a>
+                        <a href="https://twitter.com/simplexchat" target="_blank">
+                            <svg class="fill-primary-light dark:fill-primary-dark" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 41 41" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                                <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20.4575 40.9268C31.5032 40.9268 40.4575 31.9725 40.4575 20.9268C40.4575 9.88106 31.5032 0.926758 20.4575 0.926758C9.41182 0.926758 0.45752 9.88106 0.45752 20.9268C0.45752 31.9725 9.41182 40.9268 20.4575 40.9268ZM29.916 16.7766C29.916 23.1157 25.014 30.4265 16.0519 30.4265V30.423C13.4038 30.4265 10.8115 29.6795 8.58252 28.2719C8.96846 28.3174 9.35558 28.3397 9.74271 28.3409C11.9372 28.3432 14.0688 27.6182 15.7942 26.283C13.7101 26.2444 11.8802 24.9055 11.2425 22.9507C11.9716 23.0898 12.7245 23.0619 13.4418 22.869C11.1689 22.4165 9.53371 20.4504 9.53252 18.1671V18.1062C10.2106 18.478 10.9694 18.6835 11.7448 18.7057C9.60377 17.2981 8.94233 14.4948 10.2355 12.3026C12.7103 15.2992 16.3606 17.1207 20.2782 17.3147C19.8851 15.6487 20.4231 13.902 21.6878 12.7306C23.6507 10.9137 26.737 11.0073 28.5824 12.9387C29.6737 12.7271 30.7199 12.3327 31.677 11.7738C31.3125 12.8857 30.5513 13.828 29.5348 14.4277C30.5002
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+                            </svg>
+                        </a>
+                        <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/simplex-chat/" target="_blank">
+                            <svg class="fill-primary-light dark:fill-primary-dark" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 41 41" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                                <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20.0408 0.926758C8.9951 0.926758 0.0407715 9.88109 0.0407715 20.9268C0.0407715 31.9724 8.9951 40.9268 20.0408 40.9268C31.0864 40.9268 40.0408 31.9724 40.0408 20.9268C40.0408 9.88109 31.0864 0.926758 20.0408 0.926758ZM9.6421 17.4916H14.1745V31.1098H9.6421V17.4916ZM14.4731 13.279C14.4437 11.9438 13.4889 10.9268 11.9383 10.9268C10.3878 10.9268 9.3741 11.9438 9.3741 13.279C9.3741 14.5866 10.3579 15.6328 11.8794 15.6328H11.9084C13.4889 15.6328 14.4731 14.5866 14.4731 13.279ZM25.3017 17.1718C28.2843 17.1718 30.5203 19.1187 30.5203 23.3015L30.5201 31.1098H25.9879V23.824C25.9879 21.994 25.3319 20.7453 23.6912 20.7453C22.439 20.7453 21.6932 21.5871 21.3656 22.4003C21.2458 22.6916 21.2164 23.0976 21.2164 23.5046V31.1101H16.6834C16.6834 31.1101 16.7431 18.7698 16.6834 17.492H21.2164V19.4208C21.8179 18.4936 22.8953 17.1718 25.3017 17.1718Z" />
+                            </svg>
+                        </a>
+                        <a href="https://simplex.chat/feed.rss" target="_blank">
+                            <svg class="fill-primary-light dark:fill-primary-dark" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                                <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M256 512C397.385 512 512 397.385 512 256C512 114.615 397.385 0 256 0C114.615 0 0 114.615 0 256C0 397.385 114.615 512 256 512ZM132.791 157.572C215.586 161.137 279.503 196.841 323.612 267.517C344.138 302.436 354.186 339.959 354.57 380.122H406.814C409.639 231.301 280.977 103.1 132.791 106.05V157.572ZM309.994 343.843C311.593 356.035 313.096 367.877 314.65 380.116H261.161C260.496 344.968 248.303 314.452 223.472 289.485C198.613 264.491 168.097 252.282 132.755 251.38V199.743C198.318 196.346 288.694 244.344 309.994 343.843ZM132.766 336.706C129.293 354.261 137.796 370.323 154.848 378.004L155.461 378.242C156.267 378.558 156.912 378.81 157.577 378.985C173.012 383.066 186.298 379.318 196.604 367.168C206.463 355.544 208.397 342.145 201.87 328.354C195.205 314.271 183.419 307.215 167.834 307.356C151.188 307.509 135.971 320.504 132.766 336.706Z" />
+                            </svg>
+                        </a>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </article>
+        </div>
+        <a href="#" class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-[16px] text-center lg:ltr:text-left lg:rtl:text-right font-medium leading-[28px] tracking-[0.01em] block mt-[60px]">© 2020-2023 SimpleX | Open-Source Project</a>
+    </div>
+</section>
+
+
+    <script src="/js/docs.js"></script>
+    <script src="/js/prism.min.js"></script>
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/en/contact/index.html b/en/contact/index.html
index e7a7c8c1a3..13eab74107 100644
--- a/en/contact/index.html
+++ b/en/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/en/fdroid/index.html b/en/fdroid/index.html
index dd3b8f898a..78ed9c9462 100644
--- a/en/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/en/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/en/index.html b/en/index.html
index c42753afdc..0c5d512a6f 100644
--- a/en/index.html
+++ b/en/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-anonymous-credentials" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Anonymous credentials</h4><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="anonymous-credentials">Read more</button></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-content-padding" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Content padding</h4><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="content-padding">Read more</button></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-anonymous-credentials" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Anonymous credentials</h4><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="anonymous-credentials">Read more</button></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-content-padding" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Content padding</h4><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="content-padding">Read more</button></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/en/invitation/index.html b/en/invitation/index.html
index a3ae6d7db9..d7075632f8 100644
--- a/en/invitation/index.html
+++ b/en/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/es/contact/index.html b/es/contact/index.html
index 4b388704fe..290e3ca07f 100644
--- a/es/contact/index.html
+++ b/es/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traducir SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenga SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenga SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/es/fdroid/index.html b/es/fdroid/index.html
index 9665b832fb..c3d16f8338 100644
--- a/es/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/es/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traducir SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/es/index.html b/es/index.html
index d074744fbd..247bd5df06 100644
--- a/es/index.html
+++ b/es/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traducir SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
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@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Obtenga SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Obtenga SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenga SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenga SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/es/invitation/index.html b/es/invitation/index.html
index 62af1df394..0df6da9619 100644
--- a/es/invitation/index.html
+++ b/es/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traducir SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenga SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenga SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/fdroid/index.html b/fdroid/index.html
index dd3b8f898a..78ed9c9462 100644
--- a/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/fi/contact/index.html b/fi/contact/index.html
index 83c348344b..3cf7920503 100644
--- a/fi/contact/index.html
+++ b/fi/contact/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Käännä SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Hanki SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Hanki SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/fi/fdroid/index.html b/fi/fdroid/index.html
index 626ebe1af2..b555cdf9a7 100644
--- a/fi/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/fi/fdroid/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Käännä SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/fi/index.html b/fi/index.html
index e1a1708582..950d9bf479 100644
--- a/fi/index.html
+++ b/fi/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Käännä SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -635,6 +637,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -667,7 +709,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Hanki SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Hanki SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1961,7 +2003,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Hanki SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Hanki SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1970,7 +2012,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/fi/invitation/index.html b/fi/invitation/index.html
index 057c46148f..be9391c493 100644
--- a/fi/invitation/index.html
+++ b/fi/invitation/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Käännä SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Hanki SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Hanki SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/fr/contact/index.html b/fr/contact/index.html
index 842a301a46..10ecb695e6 100644
--- a/fr/contact/index.html
+++ b/fr/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenir SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenir SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/fr/fdroid/index.html b/fr/fdroid/index.html
index 9f1c896c21..0fce50e4a5 100644
--- a/fr/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/fr/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/fr/index.html b/fr/index.html
index 770614d4f1..dec27e342e 100644
--- a/fr/index.html
+++ b/fr/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Obtenir SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Obtenir SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenir SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenir SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/fr/invitation/index.html b/fr/invitation/index.html
index 74b2fca1a3..f3a62564a9 100644
--- a/fr/invitation/index.html
+++ b/fr/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduire SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenir SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenir SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/he/contact/index.html b/he/contact/index.html
index 2c7659940f..f875dfa86f 100644
--- a/he/contact/index.html
+++ b/he/contact/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/he/fdroid/index.html b/he/fdroid/index.html
index 1b2769b64b..a50d50744e 100644
--- a/he/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/he/fdroid/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/he/index.html b/he/index.html
index b9fc90c25c..903f4d050f 100644
--- a/he/index.html
+++ b/he/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -635,6 +637,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -667,7 +709,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1961,7 +2003,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1970,7 +2012,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/he/invitation/index.html b/he/invitation/index.html
index 073416c633..091283c12d 100644
--- a/he/invitation/index.html
+++ b/he/invitation/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index c42753afdc..0c5d512a6f 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-anonymous-credentials" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Anonymous credentials</h4><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="anonymous-credentials">Read more</button></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-content-padding" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Content padding</h4><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="content-padding">Read more</button></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-anonymous-credentials" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Anonymous credentials</h4><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="anonymous-credentials">Read more</button></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-content-padding" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Content padding</h4><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="content-padding">Read more</button></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/invitation/index.html b/invitation/index.html
index a3ae6d7db9..d7075632f8 100644
--- a/invitation/index.html
+++ b/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/it/contact/index.html b/it/contact/index.html
index a7a804397c..cf11a79d74 100644
--- a/it/contact/index.html
+++ b/it/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduci SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Ottieni SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Ottieni SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/it/fdroid/index.html b/it/fdroid/index.html
index 3ec791eccd..49b61bbddd 100644
--- a/it/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/it/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduci SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/it/index.html b/it/index.html
index be52116321..da6c390fe7 100644
--- a/it/index.html
+++ b/it/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduci SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Ottieni SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Ottieni SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Ottieni SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Ottieni SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/it/invitation/index.html b/it/invitation/index.html
index 38b14a13a5..08908586c8 100644
--- a/it/invitation/index.html
+++ b/it/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduci SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Ottieni SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Ottieni SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/ja/contact/index.html b/ja/contact/index.html
index e9d72cb582..e7c7f52a9f 100644
--- a/ja/contact/index.html
+++ b/ja/contact/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">SimpleX チャットを翻訳する</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">SimpleXを入手する</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">SimpleXを入手する <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/ja/fdroid/index.html b/ja/fdroid/index.html
index a6b8260014..865ee17e60 100644
--- a/ja/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/ja/fdroid/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">SimpleX チャットを翻訳する</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/ja/index.html b/ja/index.html
index e550ba9e34..74a36b68fe 100644
--- a/ja/index.html
+++ b/ja/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">SimpleX チャットを翻訳する</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -635,6 +637,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -667,7 +709,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">SimpleXを入手する</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">SimpleXを入手する <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1961,7 +2003,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">SimpleXを入手する</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">SimpleXを入手する <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1970,7 +2012,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/ja/invitation/index.html b/ja/invitation/index.html
index a0a4835612..2916062528 100644
--- a/ja/invitation/index.html
+++ b/ja/invitation/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">SimpleX チャットを翻訳する</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">SimpleXを入手する</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">SimpleXを入手する <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/jobs/index.html b/jobs/index.html
index c6f08c2c38..7646e32839 100644
--- a/jobs/index.html
+++ b/jobs/index.html
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
         <meta charset="UTF-8">
         <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
         <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
-        <title>SimpleX Chat - Jobs</title>
+        <title>Join SimpleX Chat team</title>
         <meta name="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
 
         <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="/img/favicon.ico" />
@@ -182,6 +182,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/nl/contact/index.html b/nl/contact/index.html
index 7785c6504f..2c76d6ba0d 100644
--- a/nl/contact/index.html
+++ b/nl/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Vertaal SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Verkrijg SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Verkrijg SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/nl/fdroid/index.html b/nl/fdroid/index.html
index 4eb0376c83..e22602926b 100644
--- a/nl/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/nl/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Vertaal SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/nl/index.html b/nl/index.html
index 7397422262..2a2f784693 100644
--- a/nl/index.html
+++ b/nl/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Vertaal SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Verkrijg SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Verkrijg SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Verkrijg SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Verkrijg SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/nl/invitation/index.html b/nl/invitation/index.html
index 95c2280151..dcc0804fb4 100644
--- a/nl/invitation/index.html
+++ b/nl/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Vertaal SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Verkrijg SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Verkrijg SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/pl/contact/index.html b/pl/contact/index.html
index 7d19f18cd3..ca48b98025 100644
--- a/pl/contact/index.html
+++ b/pl/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Przetłumacz SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Pobierz SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Pobierz SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/pl/fdroid/index.html b/pl/fdroid/index.html
index 454d6152b1..9918d2a518 100644
--- a/pl/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/pl/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Przetłumacz SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/pl/index.html b/pl/index.html
index 57b62ce223..c8d85a3b83 100644
--- a/pl/index.html
+++ b/pl/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Przetłumacz SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Pobierz SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Pobierz SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Pobierz SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Pobierz SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/pl/invitation/index.html b/pl/invitation/index.html
index 377a812e37..3a09173cfa 100644
--- a/pl/invitation/index.html
+++ b/pl/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Przetłumacz SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Pobierz SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Pobierz SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/pt_BR/contact/index.html b/pt_BR/contact/index.html
index 9469d60529..9cfafface5 100644
--- a/pt_BR/contact/index.html
+++ b/pt_BR/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduzir o SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenha o SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenha o SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/pt_BR/fdroid/index.html b/pt_BR/fdroid/index.html
index b67798bd80..d056d3ea52 100644
--- a/pt_BR/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/pt_BR/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduzir o SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/pt_BR/index.html b/pt_BR/index.html
index a66a25e605..38aceccafc 100644
--- a/pt_BR/index.html
+++ b/pt_BR/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduzir o SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
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@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
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                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Obtenha o SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Obtenha o SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenha o SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenha o SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/pt_BR/invitation/index.html b/pt_BR/invitation/index.html
index bbaa76ff69..065a906d4d 100644
--- a/pt_BR/invitation/index.html
+++ b/pt_BR/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Traduzir o SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenha o SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Obtenha o SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/ru/contact/index.html b/ru/contact/index.html
index a7a5498395..e54ee00fcb 100644
--- a/ru/contact/index.html
+++ b/ru/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/ru/fdroid/index.html b/ru/fdroid/index.html
index 700f2c5c8a..6598bf0a91 100644
--- a/ru/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/ru/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/ru/index.html b/ru/index.html
index 39bc1497fb..1438891cd4 100644
--- a/ru/index.html
+++ b/ru/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
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@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
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                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-anonymous-credentials" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Anonymous credentials</h4><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="anonymous-credentials">Read more</button></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-content-padding" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Content padding</h4><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="content-padding">Read more</button></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-anonymous-credentials" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Anonymous credentials</h4><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="anonymous-credentials">Read more</button></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-content-padding" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Content padding</h4><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="content-padding">Read more</button></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
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@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/uk/contact/index.html b/uk/contact/index.html
index 472240ad05..df2dd92341 100644
--- a/uk/contact/index.html
+++ b/uk/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Перекласти чат SimpleX</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Отримати SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Отримати SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/uk/fdroid/index.html b/uk/fdroid/index.html
index f67b903217..a085d1e9b4 100644
--- a/uk/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/uk/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Перекласти чат SimpleX</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/uk/index.html b/uk/index.html
index c0d87e113a..2915bb992e 100644
--- a/uk/index.html
+++ b/uk/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Перекласти чат SimpleX</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Отримати SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Отримати SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Отримати SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Отримати SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/uk/invitation/index.html b/uk/invitation/index.html
index 56cc736ddc..e6cf47ee54 100644
--- a/uk/invitation/index.html
+++ b/uk/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Перекласти чат SimpleX</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Отримати SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Отримати SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/zh_Hans/contact/index.html b/zh_Hans/contact/index.html
index b236b8960a..d1ea7544b7 100644
--- a/zh_Hans/contact/index.html
+++ b/zh_Hans/contact/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">翻译 SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">获取 SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">获取 SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/zh_Hans/fdroid/index.html b/zh_Hans/fdroid/index.html
index 482a231065..3a4409a2f2 100644
--- a/zh_Hans/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/zh_Hans/fdroid/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">翻译 SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/zh_Hans/index.html b/zh_Hans/index.html
index 9e99af0744..0836516453 100644
--- a/zh_Hans/index.html
+++ b/zh_Hans/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">翻译 SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -643,6 +645,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -675,7 +717,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">获取 SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">获取 SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1969,7 +2011,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">获取 SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">获取 SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1978,7 +2020,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/zh_Hans/invitation/index.html b/zh_Hans/invitation/index.html
index 1c7ac1b148..0bf724ea7c 100644
--- a/zh_Hans/invitation/index.html
+++ b/zh_Hans/invitation/index.html
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">翻译 SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">获取 SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">获取 SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/zh_Hant/contact/index.html b/zh_Hant/contact/index.html
index 4027bca539..1f8afe84eb 100644
--- a/zh_Hant/contact/index.html
+++ b/zh_Hant/contact/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
diff --git a/zh_Hant/fdroid/index.html b/zh_Hant/fdroid/index.html
index 4077ecbd9e..e5a89f059d 100644
--- a/zh_Hant/fdroid/index.html
+++ b/zh_Hant/fdroid/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
diff --git a/zh_Hant/index.html b/zh_Hant/index.html
index 4b4e49a231..7866ffd79d 100644
--- a/zh_Hant/index.html
+++ b/zh_Hant/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -635,6 +637,46 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                 
             </div>
 
+            <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
+            </svg>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+                        <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-show-overlay="security-assessment" class="open-overlay-btn underline text-primary-light dark:text-primary-dark block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[14px] xl:text-[16px] leading-[34px] underline-offset-2">Security assessment</a>
+                        
+    
+    <div id="security-assessment" data-scroll-to="" class="overlay hidden fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 right-0 before:absolute before:w-full before:h-full bg-transparent before:bg-secondary-bg-light dark:before:bg-primary-bg-dark before:opacity-90 items-center justify-center p-3 md:p-10 z-[10000]">
+        <div class="overlay-card w-full md:w-fit md:max-w-[1276px] bg-white dark:bg-card-bg-dark opacity-100 h-full md:h-fit md:max-h-[660px] z-[10001] rounded-md shadow-[0px_3px_12px_rgba(0,0,0,0.2)] p-6 py-10 sm:p-14 overflow-auto scale-100">
+            <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold text-active-blue mb-6 ">Security assessment</h1>
+            <div class="flex flex-col-reverse lg:flex-row gap-10 justify-between">
+                
+                    <div class="lg:max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="text-grey-black dark:text-white flex flex-col gap-6 text-base">
+                            <p>
+    <a href="https://www.trailofbits.com/about/">Trail of Bits</a> is a leading security and technology consultancy whose clients include big tech, governmental agencies and major <span data-glossary="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-term">Blockchain</span> projects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Trail of Bits reviewed SimpleX platform cryptography and networking components in November 2022.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Read more in <a href="/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html">the announcement</a>.
+</p>
+
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+
+                
+                    <div class="max-w-[448px]">
+                        <div class="flex items-center justify-center">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] dark:hidden" src="/img/trail-of-bits-light.png" alt="">
+                            <img class="w-full max-w-[448px] min-w-[300px] hidden dark:block" src="/img/trail-of-bits-dark.png" alt="">
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                
+            </div>
+
             <svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.839522 -0.070157 0.427909 -0.059127 0.18094 0.207531C-0.0660305 0.474191 -0.0552645 0.895911 0.205003 1.14894L5.70862 6.49833L0.20247 11.851C-0.0577975 12.104 -0.0685635 12.5257 0.178407 12.7924C0.306324 12.9306 0.477936 13 0.650181 13C0.811033 13 0.971873 12.9397 1.09726 12.817L6.65343 7.41639L11.9025 12.5186C12.0285 12.6406 12.1893 12.7015 12.3495 12.7015C12.5218 12.7015 12.6934 12.6321 12.8213 12.4939C13.0689 12.2273 13.0582 11.8062 12.7973 11.5525Z"></path>
             </svg>
@@ -667,7 +709,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
                         </div>
     
                         <div>
-                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX</p>
+                            <p class="text-black dark:text-white hidden md:block text-center xl:text-left xl:rtl:text-right text-[16px] leading-[26px] mb-[11px] md:mt-6">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
                             <div class="socials flex items-center justify-center xl:justify-start gap-4 flex-wrap mt-[30px]">
                                 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
                                 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1961,7 +2003,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>
@@ -1970,7 +2012,7 @@ window.addEventListener("load", function () {
             <a href="https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases/latest/download/simplex.apk" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apk_icon.png"></a>
         </div>
     </div>
-</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-anonymous-credentials" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Anonymous credentials</h4><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="anonymous-credentials">Read more</button></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-content-padding" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Content padding</h4><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="content-padding">Read more</button></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
+</section><div id="address-portability" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Address portability</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Similarly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_number_portability">phone number portability</a> (the ability of the customer to transfer the service to another provider without changing the number), the address portability means the ability of a communication service customer to change the service provider without changing the service address. Many <a href="#federated-network">federated networks</a> support SRV records to provide address portability, but allowing service users to set up their own domains for the addresses is not as commonly supported by the available server and client software as for email.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="federated-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Federated network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Federated network is provided by several entities that agree upon the standards and operate the network collectively. This allows the users to choose their provider, that will hold their account, their messaging history and contacts, and communicate with other providers' servers on behalf of the user. The examples are email, XMPP, Matrix and Mastodon.</p><p>The advantage of that design is that there is no single organization that all users depend on, and the standards are more difficult to change, unless it benefits all users. There are several disadvantages: 1) the innovation is slower, 2) each user account still depends on a single organization, and in most cases can't move to another provider without changing their network address – there is no <a href="#address-portability">address portability</a>, 3) the security and privacy are inevitably worse than with the centralized networks.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)">Federation on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-anonymous-credentials" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Anonymous credentials</h4><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="anonymous-credentials">Read more</button></div></div><div id="anonymous-credentials" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Anonymous credentials</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>The credential that allows proving something, e.g. the right to access some resource, without identifying the user. This credential can either be generated by a trusted party or by the user themselves and provided together with the request to create the resource. The first approach creates some centralized dependency in most cases. The second approach does not require any trust - this is used in SimpleX network to authorize access to the messaging queues.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential">Digital credential on Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-blockchain" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Blockchain</h4><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="blockchain">Read more</button></div></div><div id="blockchain" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Blockchain</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>In a wide sense, blockchain means a sequence of blocks of data, where each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus providing integrity to the whole chain. Blockchains are used in many communication and information storage systems to provide integrity and immutability of the data. For example, BluRay disks use blockchain. SimpleX messaging queues also use blockchain - each message includes the hash of the previous message, to ensure the integrity – if any message is modified it will be detected by the recipient when the next message is received. Blockchains are a subset of <a href="#merkle-directed-acyclic-graph">Merkle directed acyclic graphs</a>.</p><p>In a more narrow sense, particularly in media, blockchain is used to refer specifically to distributed ledger, where each record also includes the hash of the previous record, but the blocks have to be agreed by the participating peers using some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)">consensus protocol</a>.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Wikipedia</a></p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="merkle-directed-acyclic-graph" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Merkle directed acyclic graph</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as Merkle DAG, a data structure based on a general graph structure where node contains the cryptographic hashes of the previous nodes that point to it. Merkle trees are a subset of Merkle DAGs - in this case each leaf contains a cryptographic hash of the parent.</p><p>This structure by design allows to verify the integrity of the whole structure by computing its hashes and comparing with the hashes included in the nodes, in the same way as with <a href="#blockchain">blockchain</a>.</p><p>The motivation to use DAG in distributed environments instead of a simpler linear blockchain is to allow concurrent additions, when there is no requirement for a single order of added items. Merkle DAG is used, for example, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a> and will be used in decentralized SimpleX groups.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-break-in-recovery" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Break-in recovery</h4><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div></div><div id="break-in-recovery" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Break-in recovery</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as break-in recovery, it is the quality of the end-to-end encryption scheme allowing to recover security against a passive attacker who observes encrypted messages after compromising one (or both) of the parties. Also known as recovery from compromise or break-in recovery. <a href="#double-ratchet-algorithm">Double-ratchet algorithm</a> has this quality.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="double-ratchet-algorithm" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Double ratchet algorithm</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>It is used by two parties to exchange <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a> messages. The parties will use some <a href="#key-agreement-protocol">key agreement protocol</a> to agree on the initial shared secret key.</p><p>Double Ratchet algorithm provides <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>. It is <a href="https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet">designed by Signal</a>, and used in SimpleX Chat and many other secure messengers. Most experts consider it the state-of-the-art encryption protocol in message encryption.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-centralized-network" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Centralized network</h4><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div></div><div id="centralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Centralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Centralized networks are provided or controlled by a single entity. The examples are Threema, Signal, WhatsApp and Telegram. The advantage of that design is that the provider can innovate faster, and has a centralized approach to security. But the disadvantage is that the provider can change or discontinue the service, and leak, sell or disclose in some other way all users' data, including who they are connected with.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="tooltip-content-padding" class="glossary-tooltip"><div class="tooltip-content"><h4 class="tooltip-title">Content padding</h4><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><button class="read-more-btn open-overlay-btn" data-show-overlay="content-padding">Read more</button></div></div><div id="content-padding" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Content padding</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Also known as content padding, it is the process of adding data to the beginning or the end of a message prior to encryption. Padding conceals the actual message size from any eavesdroppers. SimpleX has several encryption layers, and prior to each encryption the content is padded to a fixed size.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)">Wikipedia</a>.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="decentralized-network" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Decentralized network</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Decentralized network is often used to mean "the network based on decentralized blockchain". In its original meaning, decentralized network means that there is no central authority or any other point of centralization in the network, other than network protocols specification. The advantage of decentralized networks is that they are resilient to censorship and to the provider going out of business. The disadvantage is that they are often slower to innovate, and the security may be worse than with the centralized network.</p><p>The examples of decentralized networks are email, web, DNS, XMPP, Matrix, BitTorrent, etc. All these examples have a shared global application-level address space. Cryptocurrency blockchains not only have a shared address space, but also a shared state, so they are more centralized than email. Tor network also has a shared global address space, but also a central authority. SimpleX network does not have a shared application-level address space (it relies on the shared transport-level addresses - SMP relay hostnames or IP addresses), and it does not have any central authority or any shared state.</p></div><svg class="close-overlay-btn" id="cross" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 13" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.7973 11.5525L7.59762 6.49833L12.7947 1.44675C13.055 1.19371 13.0658 0.771991 12.8188 0.505331C12.5718 0.238674 12.1602 0.227644 11.8999 0.480681L6.65343 5.58028L1.09979 0.182228C0.805 0.002228 0.430001 0.002228 0.135211 0.182228C-0.159579 0.362228 -0.159579 0.697228 0.135211 0.877228L5.68885 6.27528L0.4918 11.3295C0.231501 11.5825 0.220703 12.0042 0.467664 12.2709C0.714625 12.5376 1.12625 12.5486 1.38655 12.2956L6.63302 7.196L12.1867 12.5941C12.4815 12.7741 12.8565 12.7741 13.1513 12.5941C13.4461 12.4141 13.4461 12.0791 13.1513 11.8991L12.7973 11.5525Z"></path></svg></div></div><div id="defense-in-depth" class="overlay glossary-overlay hidden"><div class="overlay-card"><h1 class="overlay-title">Defense in depth</h1><div class="overlay-content"><p>Originally, it is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.</p><p>In information security, defense in depth represents the use of multiple computer security techniques to help mitigate the risk of one component of the defense being compromised or circumvented. An example could be anti-virus software installed on individual workstations when there is already virus protection on the firewalls and servers within the same environment.</p><p>SimpleX network applies defense in depth approach to security by having multiple layers for the communication security and privacy:</p><ul>
 <li>double ratchet algorithm for <a href="#end-to-end-encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> with <a href="#forward-secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and <a href="#post-compromise-security">post-compromise security</a>,</li>
 <li>additional layer of end-to-end encryption for each messaging queue and another encryption layer of encryption from the server to the recipient inside TLS to prevent correlation by ciphertext,</li>
 <li>TLS with only strong ciphers allowed,</li>
diff --git a/zh_Hant/invitation/index.html b/zh_Hant/invitation/index.html
index e4e028e315..e2c0eafc1b 100644
--- a/zh_Hant/invitation/index.html
+++ b/zh_Hant/invitation/index.html
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@
                             
                                 <li><a href="/docs/translations.html" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Translate SimpleX Chat</a></li>
                             
+                                <li><a href="/downloads/" class=" lg:px-[20px] inline-block whitespace-nowrap">Downloads</a></li>
+                            
 
                             <hr class=" h-[1px] w-full dark:opacity-[0.1]">
 
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ window.addEventListener('scroll',changeHeaderBg);
 
         <hr class="block mb-7 mx-5 dark:opacity-[0.2] w-full">
 
-        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX</p>
+        <p class="text-grey-black dark:text-white text-center mb-7">Get SimpleX <a href="/downloads">desktop app</a></p>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 flex-wrap">
             <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084" target="_blank"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/apple_store.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app" target="_blank" title="Public iOS preview on TestFlight"><img class="h-[40px] w-auto" src="/img/new/google_play.svg"></a>