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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Introduction</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../welcome_and_overview.html">Welcome and Overview</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Setup</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../setup/installation.html">Installation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../postgres.html">Using Postgres</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../reverse_proxy.html">Configuring a Reverse Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../turn-howto.html">Configuring a Turn Server</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../delegate.html">Delegation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Upgrading</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../upgrade.html">Upgrading between Synapse Versions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../MSC1711_certificates_FAQ.html">Upgrading from pre-Synapse 1.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Usage</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../federate.html">Federation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/homeserver_sample_config.html">Homeserver Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/logging_sample_config.html">Logging Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../structured_logging.html">Structured Logging</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/user_authentication/index.html">User Authentication</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Single-Sign On</div></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../openid.html">OpenID Connect</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>SAML</div></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>CAS</div></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../sso_mapping_providers.html">SSO Mapping Providers</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../password_auth_providers.html">Password Auth Providers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../jwt.html">JSON Web Tokens</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../CAPTCHA_SETUP.html">Registration Captcha</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../application_services.html">Application Services</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../server_notices.html">Server Notices</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../consent_tracking.html">Consent Tracking</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../url_previews.html">URL Previews</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../user_directory.html">User Directory</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../message_retention_policies.html">Message Retention Policies</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules.html">Pluggable Modules</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Third Party Rules</div></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../spam_checker.html">Spam Checker</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../presence_router_module.html">Presence Router</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Media Storage Providers</div></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../workers.html">Workers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../synctl_workers.html">Using synctl with Workers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../systemd-with-workers/index.html">Systemd</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/index.html">Administration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/admin_api/index.html">Admin API</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/account_validity.html">Account Validity</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/delete_group.html">Delete Group</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/event_reports.html">Event Reports</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/media_admin_api.html">Media</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/purge_history_api.html">Purge History</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/purge_room.html">Purge Rooms</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/register_api.html">Register Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/room_membership.html">Manipulate Room Membership</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Line truncated
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<h1 class="menu-title">Synapse</h1>
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<h1 id="how-to-test-cas-as-a-developer-without-a-server"><a class="header" href="#how-to-test-cas-as-a-developer-without-a-server">How to test CAS as a developer without a server</a></h1>
<p>The <a href="https://github.com/jbittel/django-mama-cas">django-mama-cas</a> project is an
easy to run CAS implementation built on top of Django.</p>
<h2 id="prerequisites"><a class="header" href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></h2>
<ol>
<li>Create a new virtualenv: <code>python3 -m venv &lt;your virtualenv&gt;</code></li>
<li>Activate your virtualenv: <code>source /path/to/your/virtualenv/bin/activate</code></li>
<li>Install Django and django-mama-cas:
<pre><code>python -m pip install &quot;django&lt;3&quot; &quot;django-mama-cas==2.4.0&quot;
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>Create a Django project in the current directory:
<pre><code>django-admin startproject cas_test .
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>Follow the <a href="https://django-mama-cas.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html#configuring">install directions</a> for django-mama-cas</li>
<li>Setup the SQLite database: <code>python manage.py migrate</code></li>
<li>Create a user:
<pre><code>python manage.py createsuperuser
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li>Use whatever you want as the username and password.</li>
<li>Leave the other fields blank.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Use the built-in Django test server to serve the CAS endpoints on port 8000:
<pre><code>python manage.py runserver
</code></pre>
</li>
</ol>
<p>You should now have a Django project configured to serve CAS authentication with
a single user created.</p>
<h2 id="configure-synapse-and-element-to-use-cas"><a class="header" href="#configure-synapse-and-element-to-use-cas">Configure Synapse (and Element) to use CAS</a></h2>
<ol>
<li>Modify your <code>homeserver.yaml</code> to enable CAS and point it to your locally
running Django test server:
<pre><code class="language-yaml">cas_config:
enabled: true
server_url: &quot;http://localhost:8000&quot;
service_url: &quot;http://localhost:8081&quot;
#displayname_attribute: name
#required_attributes:
# name: value
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>Restart Synapse.</li>
</ol>
<p>Note that the above configuration assumes the homeserver is running on port 8081
and that the CAS server is on port 8000, both on localhost.</p>
<h2 id="testing-the-configuration"><a class="header" href="#testing-the-configuration">Testing the configuration</a></h2>
<p>Then in Element:</p>
<ol>
<li>Visit the login page with a Element pointing at your homeserver.</li>
<li>Click the Single Sign-On button.</li>
<li>Login using the credentials created with <code>createsuperuser</code>.</li>
<li>You should be logged in.</li>
</ol>
<p>If you want to repeat this process you'll need to manually logout first:</p>
<ol>
<li>http://localhost:8000/admin/</li>
<li>Click &quot;logout&quot; in the top right.</li>
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@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ flag to <code>git commit</code>, which uses the name and email set in your
<p>By now, you know the drill!</p>
<h1 id="notes-for-maintainers-on-merging-prs-etc"><a class="header" href="#notes-for-maintainers-on-merging-prs-etc">Notes for maintainers on merging PRs etc</a></h1>
<p>There are some notes for those with commit access to the project on how we
manage git <a href="docs/dev/git.html">here</a>.</p>
manage git <a href="docs/development/git.html">here</a>.</p>
<h1 id="conclusion"><a class="header" href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></h1>
<p>That's it! Matrix is a very open and collaborative project as you might expect
given our obsession with open communication. If we're going to successfully
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<h1 id="some-notes-on-how-we-use-git"><a class="header" href="#some-notes-on-how-we-use-git">Some notes on how we use git</a></h1>
<h2 id="on-keeping-the-commit-history-clean"><a class="header" href="#on-keeping-the-commit-history-clean">On keeping the commit history clean</a></h2>
<p>In an ideal world, our git commit history would be a linear progression of
commits each of which contains a single change building on what came
before. Here, by way of an arbitrary example, is the top of <code>git log --graph b2dba0607</code>:</p>
<img src="img/git/clean.png" alt="clean git graph" width="500px">
<p>Note how the commit comment explains clearly what is changing and why. Also
note the <em>absence</em> of merge commits, as well as the absence of commits called
things like (to pick a few culprits):
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/commit/84691da6c">“pep8”</a>, <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/commit/474810d9d">“fix broken
test”</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/commit/c9d72e457">“oops”</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/commit/836358823">“typo”</a>, or <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/commit/707374d5d">“Who's
the president?”</a>.</p>
<p>There are a number of reasons why keeping a clean commit history is a good
thing:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>From time to time, after a change lands, it turns out to be necessary to
revert it, or to backport it to a release branch. Those operations are
<em>much</em> easier when the change is contained in a single commit.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Similarly, it's much easier to answer questions like “is the fix for
<code>/publicRooms</code> on the release branch?” if that change consists of a single
commit.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Likewise: “what has changed on this branch in the last week?” is much
clearer without merges and “pep8” commits everywhere.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Sometimes we need to figure out where a bug got introduced, or some
behaviour changed. One way of doing that is with <code>git bisect</code>: pick an
arbitrary commit between the known good point and the known bad point, and
see how the code behaves. However, that strategy fails if the commit you
chose is the middle of someone's epic branch in which they broke the world
before putting it back together again.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>One counterargument is that it is sometimes useful to see how a PR evolved as
it went through review cycles. This is true, but that information is always
available via the GitHub UI (or via the little-known <a href="https://help.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally">refs/pull
namespace</a>).</p>
<p>Of course, in reality, things are more complicated than that. We have release
branches as well as <code>develop</code> and <code>master</code>, and we deliberately merge changes
between them. Bugs often slip through and have to be fixed later. That's all
fine: this not a cast-iron rule which must be obeyed, but an ideal to aim
towards.</p>
<h2 id="merges-squashes-rebases-wtf"><a class="header" href="#merges-squashes-rebases-wtf">Merges, squashes, rebases: wtf?</a></h2>
<p>Ok, so that's what we'd like to achieve. How do we achieve it?</p>
<p>The TL;DR is: when you come to merge a pull request, you <em>probably</em> want to
“squash and merge”:</p>
<p><img src="img/git/squash.png" alt="squash and merge" />.</p>
<p>(This applies whether you are merging your own PR, or that of another
contributor.)</p>
<p>“Squash and merge”<sup id="a1"><a href="#f1">1</a></sup> takes all of the changes in the
PR, and bundles them into a single commit. GitHub gives you the opportunity to
edit the commit message before you confirm, and normally you should do so,
because the default will be useless (again: <code>* woops typo</code> is not a useful
thing to keep in the historical record).</p>
<p>The main problem with this approach comes when you have a series of pull
requests which build on top of one another: as soon as you squash-merge the
first PR, you'll end up with a stack of conflicts to resolve in all of the
others. In general, it's best to avoid this situation in the first place by
trying not to have multiple related PRs in flight at the same time. Still,
sometimes that's not possible and doing a regular merge is the lesser evil.</p>
<p>Another occasion in which a regular merge makes more sense is a PR where you've
deliberately created a series of commits each of which makes sense in its own
right. For example: <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/6837">a PR which gradually propagates a refactoring operation
through the codebase</a>, or <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/5987">a
PR which is the culmination of several other
PRs</a>. In this case the ability
to figure out when a particular change/bug was introduced could be very useful.</p>
<p>Ultimately: <strong>this is not a hard-and-fast-rule</strong>. If in doubt, ask yourself “do
each of the commits I am about to merge make sense in their own right”, but
remember that we're just doing our best to balance “keeping the commit history
clean” with other factors.</p>
<h2 id="git-branching-model"><a class="header" href="#git-branching-model">Git branching model</a></h2>
<p>A <a href="https://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git-branching-model/">lot</a>
<a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">of</a>
<a href="https://www.endoflineblog.com/gitflow-considered-harmful">words</a> have been
written in the past about git branching models (no really, <a href="https://martinfowler.com/articles/branching-patterns.html">a
lot</a>). I tend to
think the whole thing is overblown. Fundamentally, it's not that
complicated. Here's how we do it.</p>
<p>Let's start with a picture:</p>
<p><img src="img/git/branches.jpg" alt="branching model" /></p>
<p>It looks complicated, but it's really not. There's one basic rule: <em>anyone</em> is
free to merge from <em>any</em> more-stable branch to <em>any</em> less-stable branch at
<em>any</em> time<sup id="a2"><a href="#f2">2</a></sup>. (The principle behind this is that if a
change is good enough for the more-stable branch, then it's also good enough go
put in a less-stable branch.)</p>
<p>Meanwhile, merging (or squashing, as per the above) from a less-stable to a
more-stable branch is a deliberate action in which you want to publish a change
or a set of changes to (some subset of) the world: for example, this happens
when a PR is landed, or as part of our release process.</p>
<p>So, what counts as a more- or less-stable branch? A little reflection will show
that our active branches are ordered thus, from more-stable to less-stable:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>master</code> (tracks our last release).</li>
<li><code>release-vX.Y</code> (the branch where we prepare the next release)<sup
id="a3"><a href="#f3">3</a></sup>.</li>
<li>PR branches which are targeting the release.</li>
<li><code>develop</code> (our &quot;mainline&quot; branch containing our bleeding-edge).</li>
<li>regular PR branches.</li>
</ul>
<p>The corollary is: if you have a bugfix that needs to land in both
<code>release-vX.Y</code> <em>and</em> <code>develop</code>, then you should base your PR on
<code>release-vX.Y</code>, get it merged there, and then merge from <code>release-vX.Y</code> to
<code>develop</code>. (If a fix lands in <code>develop</code> and we later need it in a
release-branch, we can of course cherry-pick it, but landing it in the release
branch first helps reduce the chance of annoying conflicts.)</p>
<hr />
<p><b id="f1">[1]</b>: “Squash and merge” is GitHub's term for this
operation. Given that there is no merge involved, I'm not convinced it's the
most intuitive name. <a href="#a1">^</a></p>
<p><b id="f2">[2]</b>: Well, anyone with commit access.<a href="#a2">^</a></p>
<p><b id="f3">[3]</b>: Very, very occasionally (I think this has happened once in
the history of Synapse), we've had two releases in flight at once. Obviously,
<code>release-v1.2</code> is more-stable than <code>release-v1.3</code>. <a href="#a3">^</a></p>
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<h1 id="how-to-test-saml-as-a-developer-without-a-server"><a class="header" href="#how-to-test-saml-as-a-developer-without-a-server">How to test SAML as a developer without a server</a></h1>
<p>https://capriza.github.io/samling/samling.html (https://github.com/capriza/samling) is a great
resource for being able to tinker with the SAML options within Synapse without needing to
deploy and configure a complicated software stack.</p>
<p>To make Synapse (and therefore Riot) use it:</p>
<ol>
<li>Use the samling.html URL above or deploy your own and visit the IdP Metadata tab.</li>
<li>Copy the XML to your clipboard.</li>
<li>On your Synapse server, create a new file <code>samling.xml</code> next to your <code>homeserver.yaml</code> with
the XML from step 2 as the contents.</li>
<li>Edit your <code>homeserver.yaml</code> to include:
<pre><code class="language-yaml">saml2_config:
sp_config:
allow_unknown_attributes: true # Works around a bug with AVA Hashes: https://github.com/IdentityPython/pysaml2/issues/388
metadata:
local: [&quot;samling.xml&quot;]
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>Ensure that your <code>homeserver.yaml</code> has a setting for <code>public_baseurl</code>:
<pre><code class="language-yaml">public_baseurl: http://localhost:8080/
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>Run <code>apt-get install xmlsec1</code> and <code>pip install --upgrade --force 'pysaml2&gt;=4.5.0'</code> to ensure
the dependencies are installed and ready to go.</li>
<li>Restart Synapse.</li>
</ol>
<p>Then in Riot:</p>
<ol>
<li>Visit the login page with a Riot pointing at your homeserver.</li>
<li>Click the Single Sign-On button.</li>
<li>On the samling page, enter a Name Identifier and add a SAML Attribute for <code>uid=your_localpart</code>.
The response must also be signed.</li>
<li>Click &quot;Next&quot;.</li>
<li>Click &quot;Post Response&quot; (change nothing).</li>
<li>You should be logged in.</li>
</ol>
<p>If you try and repeat this process, you may be automatically logged in using the information you
gave previously. To fix this, open your developer console (<code>F12</code> or <code>Ctrl+Shift+I</code>) while on the
samling page and clear the site data. In Chrome, this will be a button on the Application tab.</p>
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