diff --git a/.github/workflows/poetry_lockfile.yaml b/.github/workflows/uv_lockfile.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from .github/workflows/poetry_lockfile.yaml
rename to .github/workflows/uv_lockfile.yaml
diff --git a/debian/build_virtualenv b/debian/build_virtualenv
index 7bbf52ddd9..1774aa43ba 100755
--- a/debian/build_virtualenv
+++ b/debian/build_virtualenv
@@ -30,15 +30,18 @@ case $(dpkg-architecture -q DEB_HOST_ARCH) in
         ;;
 esac
 
-# Manually install Poetry and export a pip-compatible `requirements.txt`
+# Use uv to export a pip-compatible `requirements.txt` from the lockfile.
+# uv export reads pyproject.toml + uv.lock directly, no venv needed.
 TEMP_VENV="$(mktemp -d)"
 python3 -m venv "$TEMP_VENV"
 source "$TEMP_VENV/bin/activate"
 pip install -U pip
-pip install poetry==2.2.1 poetry-plugin-export==1.9.0
-poetry export \
-    --extras all \
-    --extras test \
+pip install uv
+uv export \
+    --no-emit-project \
+    --frozen \
+    --extra all \
+    --extra test \
     -o exported_requirements.txt
 # Keep journald logging support in the packaged virtualenv when using
 # systemd.journal.JournalHandler in /etc/matrix-synapse/log.yaml.