Add Postgres value mapping for the Rust database backend

Introduce the Python<->Postgres value-mapping layer that the forthcoming
Rust DBAPI2 backend will build on, plus the module scaffolding to hang it
off (`synapse_rust.database.postgres`).

`PgValue` is an owned representation of a bound parameter that implements
`tokio_postgres::types::ToSql`, encoding into Postgres' binary wire format
according to the column type from the prepared statement (so a single
Python `int` becomes INT2/INT4/INT8 as appropriate, with range checks).
`PythonPgFromSql` is the decode counterpart, turning a column's wire bytes
back into the natural Python object (and SQL NULL into `None`). The two
`accepts` lists are kept in sync via tests.

The `value` submodule is exposed as `pub` for now so its
not-yet-consumed public items don't trip clippy's `dead_code` lint; later
changes that wire it into the cursor/connection code tighten that back up.

Covers int / float / bool / str / bytes / None; lists and richer types
(json, decimal, timestamps) are left to a follow-up.

The unit tests exercise the whole mapping without a live Postgres server,
including the float4 lossy narrowing, integer width boundaries, the
WrongType and out-of-range paths, and the unsupported/non-UTF-8 decode
errors.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Erik Johnston
2026-07-01 13:28:18 +00:00
co-authored by Claude Opus 4.8
parent 0ab9291c35
commit ce4719542c
6 changed files with 1022 additions and 15 deletions
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//! [`tokio_postgres`]-backed Postgres backend for the Rust `database` module.
//!
//! This module will grow the Python-facing `Connection` / `Cursor` classes and
//! the `connect` factory; for now it hosts the value-mapping layer ([`value`])
//! that converts between Python objects and Postgres' binary wire format.
//!
//! The driver itself is async; the eventual `Connection` / `Cursor` types will
//! drive it from sync Python methods via a shared multi-thread tokio runtime.
use pyo3::prelude::*;
use pyo3::types::PyModule;
// `pub` (rather than private) so the value-mapping types are reachable from the
// crate root as public API while nothing inside the crate consumes them yet.
// This is what stops clippy's `dead_code` lint from firing on them before the
// cursor/connection code (added in later changes) wires them up; the visibility
// is tightened back to private once that happens.
pub mod value;
/// Register the `postgres` submodule under the parent `database` module.
///
/// The `Connection` / `Cursor` classes and the `connect` factory are added in
/// later changes; for now this just creates the (otherwise empty) submodule so
/// the module tree — and the `value` mapping layer hanging off it — exists.
pub fn register_module(py: Python<'_>, m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
let child = PyModule::new(py, "postgres")?;
m.add_submodule(&child)?;
// We need to manually add the module to sys.modules to make `from
// synapse.synapse_rust.database import postgres` work.
py.import("sys")?
.getattr("modules")?
.set_item("synapse.synapse_rust.database.postgres", child)?;
Ok(())
}
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//! Conversions between Python values and the Postgres SQL value
//! representations.
//!
//! Kept in its own module so the cursor code stays focused on the DBAPI shape
//! rather than the type-mapping table.
//!
//! First cut: int / float / bool / str / bytes / None. Lists (for
//! `ANY($1)`-style queries) and richer types — json, decimal, timestamps —
//! are deferred to a follow-up.
//!
//! The mapping is column-type-driven on the way *out* (a single Python `int`
//! becomes `INT2`/`INT4`/`INT8` depending on the column it is bound to) and
//! type-driven on the way *in*. The supported correspondence is:
//!
//! | [`PgValue`] variant | Python type | Postgres column type(s) |
//! |---------------------|-------------|-------------------------------------|
//! | `Null` | `None` | any (encoded as SQL `NULL`) |
//! | `Bool` | `bool` | `BOOL` |
//! | `Int` | `int` | `INT2`, `INT4`, `INT8` |
//! | `Float` | `float` | `FLOAT4`, `FLOAT8` |
//! | `Text` | `str` | `TEXT`, `VARCHAR`, `NAME`, `BPCHAR` |
//! | `Bytea` | `bytes` | `BYTEA` |
//!
//! Both directions share these type lists via the two `accepts` methods, which
//! must stay in sync with the `match` arms below.
use std::error::Error;
use bytes::BytesMut;
use postgres_protocol::types::{
bool_to_sql, bytea_to_sql, float4_to_sql, float8_to_sql, int2_to_sql, int4_to_sql, int8_to_sql,
text_to_sql,
};
use pyo3::exceptions::{PyTypeError, PyValueError};
use pyo3::types::{PyBool, PyBytes, PyFloat, PyInt, PyString, PyTuple};
use pyo3::{prelude::*, BoundObject};
use tokio_postgres::types::{to_sql_checked, IsNull, ToSql, Type, WrongType};
/// Owned representation of a Python value that we can hand to [`tokio_postgres`]
/// as a [`ToSql`] parameter.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum PgValue {
Null,
Bool(bool),
Int(i64),
Float(f64),
Text(Box<str>),
Bytea(Box<[u8]>),
}
impl PgValue {
/// Classify a Python object into a [`PgValue`], or error if its type isn't
/// one we know how to send to Postgres.
///
/// Two subtleties worth calling out:
/// * `bool` is classified as [`PgValue::Bool`], never [`PgValue::Int`],
/// even though Python's `bool` is a subclass of `int`.
/// * `int` must fit in an `i64`; a larger Python integer raises an
/// `OverflowError` here, since Postgres has no wider integer type in
/// this mapping.
///
/// A type we don't recognise raises `TypeError`.
pub fn from_py(obj: &Bound<PyAny>) -> PyResult<Self> {
if obj.is_none() {
return Ok(PgValue::Null);
}
// `bool` must be checked before `int`, since in Python `bool` is a
// subclass of `int` and would otherwise be caught by the `PyInt` arm.
if let Ok(b) = obj.cast::<PyBool>() {
return Ok(PgValue::Bool(b.is_true()));
}
if let Ok(i) = obj.cast::<PyInt>() {
return Ok(PgValue::Int(i.extract::<i64>()?));
}
if let Ok(f) = obj.cast::<PyFloat>() {
return Ok(PgValue::Float(f.value()));
}
if let Ok(s) = obj.cast::<PyString>() {
return Ok(PgValue::Text(s.to_str()?.into()));
}
if let Ok(b) = obj.cast::<PyBytes>() {
return Ok(PgValue::Bytea(b.as_bytes().into()));
}
Err(PyTypeError::new_err(format!(
"unsupported parameter type for postgres: {}",
obj.get_type().name()?,
)))
}
}
// Lets PyO3 extract a `PgValue` directly from a Python argument, e.g. when a
// cursor method takes `Option<Vec<PgValue>>` for its parameters.
impl<'a, 'py> FromPyObject<'a, 'py> for PgValue {
type Error = PyErr;
fn extract(obj: Borrowed<'a, 'py, PyAny>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
PgValue::from_py(&obj)
}
}
/// Serialises a [`PgValue`] into Postgres' binary wire format.
///
/// The target column type (`ty`) is supplied by [`tokio_postgres`] from the
/// prepared statement, so the same `PgValue` (e.g. an `Int`) is encoded
/// differently depending on whether the column is `INT2`/`INT4`/`INT8`. A
/// value that doesn't match the column type yields a [`WrongType`] error.
impl ToSql for PgValue {
fn to_sql(
&self,
ty: &Type,
buf: &mut BytesMut,
) -> Result<IsNull, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>> {
match (self, ty) {
(PgValue::Null, _) => Ok(IsNull::Yes),
(&PgValue::Bool(v), &Type::BOOL) => {
bool_to_sql(v, buf);
Ok(IsNull::No)
}
(&PgValue::Int(i), &Type::INT2) => {
let v = i
.try_into()
.map_err(|_| format!("integer {i} out of range for INT2"))?;
int2_to_sql(v, buf);
Ok(IsNull::No)
}
(&PgValue::Int(i), &Type::INT4) => {
let v = i
.try_into()
.map_err(|_| format!("integer {i} out of range for INT4"))?;
int4_to_sql(v, buf);
Ok(IsNull::No)
}
(&PgValue::Int(i), &Type::INT8) => {
int8_to_sql(i, buf);
Ok(IsNull::No)
}
(&PgValue::Float(v), &Type::FLOAT4) => {
// The `as` cast here generates the closest f32 to the f64,
// with loss of precision. Since Python floats are variable
// precision anyway, this is the best we can do.
//
// (Crucially, there is no way of doing a "fallible" cast
// here, since unlike integers there is no notion of "out of
// range" for floats, just varying precision.)
float4_to_sql(v as f32, buf);
Ok(IsNull::No)
}
(&PgValue::Float(v), &Type::FLOAT8) => {
float8_to_sql(v, buf);
Ok(IsNull::No)
}
(PgValue::Text(v), &Type::TEXT | &Type::VARCHAR | &Type::NAME | &Type::BPCHAR) => {
text_to_sql(v, buf);
Ok(IsNull::No)
}
(PgValue::Bytea(v), &Type::BYTEA) => {
bytea_to_sql(v, buf);
Ok(IsNull::No)
}
// If we get here then the caller has passed a value that doesn't
// match the type of the column.
(&PgValue::Bool(_), _) => Err(Box::new(WrongType::new::<bool>(ty.clone()))),
(&PgValue::Int(_), _) => Err(Box::new(WrongType::new::<i64>(ty.clone()))),
(&PgValue::Float(_), _) => Err(Box::new(WrongType::new::<f64>(ty.clone()))),
(&PgValue::Text(_), _) => Err(Box::new(WrongType::new::<&str>(ty.clone()))),
(&PgValue::Bytea(_), _) => Err(Box::new(WrongType::new::<&[u8]>(ty.clone()))),
}
}
fn accepts(ty: &Type) -> bool {
matches!(
*ty,
Type::BOOL
| Type::INT2
| Type::INT4
| Type::INT8
| Type::FLOAT4
| Type::FLOAT8
| Type::TEXT
| Type::VARCHAR
| Type::NAME
| Type::BPCHAR
| Type::BYTEA
)
}
to_sql_checked!();
}
/// Convert a Postgres row into a Python tuple, one element per column.
///
/// Each column is decoded via [`PythonPgFromSql`], so `NULL` becomes `None` and
/// every other supported type becomes its natural Python equivalent.
///
/// Raises `ValueError` (including the column index and its Postgres type) if a
/// column can't be decoded — e.g. its type isn't in [`PythonPgFromSql::accepts`]
/// or the wire bytes are malformed (such as non-UTF-8 data in a `TEXT` column).
pub fn pg_row_to_py<'py>(
py: Python<'py>,
row: &tokio_postgres::Row,
) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyTuple>> {
let mut output_row = Vec::with_capacity(row.len());
for idx in 0..row.len() {
let obj: PythonPgFromSql = row.try_get(idx).map_err(|e| {
PyValueError::new_err(format!(
"failed to decode column {idx} (type {}): {e}",
row.columns()[idx].type_()
))
})?;
output_row.push(obj.0);
}
PyTuple::new(py, output_row)
}
/// A decoded column value, ready to drop into a Python tuple. `None`
/// represents SQL `NULL`; otherwise it holds the corresponding Python object.
pub struct PythonPgFromSql(pub Option<Py<PyAny>>);
impl<'a> tokio_postgres::types::FromSql<'a> for PythonPgFromSql {
fn from_sql(ty: &Type, raw: &'a [u8]) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>> {
// Decoding builds Python objects, so we need the GIL. `try_get` (our
// only caller) already runs under it, so this attach is cheap.
Python::attach(|py| Self::from_sql_with_py(py, ty, raw))
}
fn from_sql_null(_ty: &Type) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>> {
Ok(PythonPgFromSql(None))
}
fn accepts(ty: &Type) -> bool {
matches!(
*ty,
Type::BOOL
| Type::INT2
| Type::INT4
| Type::INT8
| Type::FLOAT4
| Type::FLOAT8
| Type::TEXT
| Type::VARCHAR
| Type::NAME
| Type::BPCHAR
| Type::BYTEA
)
}
}
impl PythonPgFromSql {
/// Decode a non-NULL column value into the matching Python object, given
/// an already-held GIL token.
fn from_sql_with_py(
py: Python<'_>,
ty: &Type,
raw: &[u8],
) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>> {
let obj = match *ty {
Type::BOOL => {
let b = postgres_protocol::types::bool_from_sql(raw)?;
PyBool::new(py, b).into_any().unbind()
}
Type::INT2 => {
let i = postgres_protocol::types::int2_from_sql(raw)?;
PyInt::new(py, i).into_any().unbind()
}
Type::INT4 => {
let i = postgres_protocol::types::int4_from_sql(raw)?;
PyInt::new(py, i).into_any().unbind()
}
Type::INT8 => {
let i = postgres_protocol::types::int8_from_sql(raw)?;
PyInt::new(py, i).into_any().unbind()
}
Type::FLOAT4 => {
let f = postgres_protocol::types::float4_from_sql(raw)?;
PyFloat::new(py, f.into()).into_any().unbind()
}
Type::FLOAT8 => {
let f = postgres_protocol::types::float8_from_sql(raw)?;
PyFloat::new(py, f).into_any().unbind()
}
Type::TEXT | Type::VARCHAR | Type::NAME | Type::BPCHAR => {
PyString::from_bytes(py, raw)?.into_any().unbind()
}
Type::BYTEA => PyBytes::new(py, raw).into_any().unbind(),
_ => {
// This should never happen, unless the `accepts` method is out
// of sync.
return Err(format!("unsupported column type for postgres: {ty}").into());
}
};
Ok(PythonPgFromSql(Some(obj)))
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
//! These tests exercise the value mapping in isolation — no live Postgres
//! server is needed. The `to_sql` / `from_sql` halves both operate on raw
//! byte buffers, so we can drive them directly with hand-built buffers and
//! a chosen column [`Type`], and the `from_py` classifier just needs a GIL.
use super::*;
/// Encode `value` for column type `ty`, returning the wire bytes and the
/// `IsNull` flag. Panics on a `ToSql` error so callers can assert on the
/// happy path concisely.
fn encode(value: &PgValue, ty: &Type) -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
let mut buf = BytesMut::new();
let is_null = value.to_sql(ty, &mut buf).expect("encoding should succeed");
(buf.to_vec(), matches!(is_null, IsNull::Yes))
}
/// Like [`encode`], but surfaces the `ToSql` result so a test can assert on
/// the error path (e.g. an out-of-range integer).
fn encode_result(value: &PgValue, ty: &Type) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send>> {
let mut buf = BytesMut::new();
value.to_sql(ty, &mut buf).map(|_| ())
}
#[test]
fn from_py_classifies_supported_types() {
Python::initialize();
Python::attach(|py| {
// `None` -> NULL.
assert!(matches!(
PgValue::from_py(&py.None().into_bound(py)).unwrap(),
PgValue::Null
));
// `bool` must win over `int` (it is an `int` subclass in Python).
assert!(matches!(
PgValue::from_py(&true.into_pyobject(py).unwrap()).unwrap(),
PgValue::Bool(true)
));
assert!(matches!(
PgValue::from_py(&7i64.into_pyobject(py).unwrap()).unwrap(),
PgValue::Int(7)
));
assert!(matches!(
PgValue::from_py(&1.5f64.into_pyobject(py).unwrap()).unwrap(),
PgValue::Float(v) if v == 1.5
));
match PgValue::from_py(&"hello".into_pyobject(py).unwrap()).unwrap() {
PgValue::Text(s) => assert_eq!(&*s, "hello"),
other => panic!("expected Text, got {other:?}"),
}
match PgValue::from_py(&PyBytes::new(py, b"\x00\xff").into_any()).unwrap() {
PgValue::Bytea(b) => assert_eq!(&*b, b"\x00\xff"),
other => panic!("expected Bytea, got {other:?}"),
}
});
}
#[test]
fn from_py_extracts_via_frompyobject() {
// The cursor binds parameters by extracting `PgValue` straight off the
// Python argument; check that `FromPyObject` path forwards to `from_py`.
Python::initialize();
Python::attach(|py| {
let obj = 7i64.into_pyobject(py).unwrap().into_any();
assert!(matches!(obj.extract::<PgValue>().unwrap(), PgValue::Int(7)));
});
}
#[test]
fn from_py_rejects_unsupported_type() {
Python::initialize();
Python::attach(|py| {
// A list is not a scalar we know how to bind.
let list = pyo3::types::PyList::new(py, [1, 2, 3]).unwrap();
let err = PgValue::from_py(&list.into_any()).unwrap_err();
assert!(err.is_instance_of::<PyTypeError>(py));
// The message names the offending type, which is the useful part.
assert!(err.to_string().contains("list"), "got: {err}");
});
}
#[test]
fn to_sql_encodes_each_type_for_its_column() {
// NULL is encoded as "no bytes, IsNull::Yes" regardless of column type.
let (bytes, is_null) = encode(&PgValue::Null, &Type::INT4);
assert!(is_null);
assert!(bytes.is_empty());
// Integers are width-specific: the same `Int` encodes to 2/4/8 bytes
// depending on the column type.
assert_eq!(encode(&PgValue::Int(1), &Type::INT2).0, 1i16.to_be_bytes());
assert_eq!(encode(&PgValue::Int(1), &Type::INT4).0, 1i32.to_be_bytes());
assert_eq!(encode(&PgValue::Int(1), &Type::INT8).0, 1i64.to_be_bytes());
assert_eq!(encode(&PgValue::Bool(true), &Type::BOOL).0, vec![1]);
assert_eq!(encode(&PgValue::Bool(false), &Type::BOOL).0, vec![0]);
assert_eq!(
encode(&PgValue::Float(1.0), &Type::FLOAT8).0,
1.0f64.to_be_bytes()
);
assert_eq!(
encode(&PgValue::Text("hi".into()), &Type::TEXT).0,
b"hi".to_vec()
);
assert_eq!(
encode(&PgValue::Bytea(Box::from(&b"\x01\x02"[..])), &Type::BYTEA).0,
vec![1, 2]
);
}
#[test]
fn to_sql_float4_narrows_with_precision_loss() {
// `0.1` is not representable in binary floating point, so the f64 and
// f32 encodings genuinely differ. Encoding to a FLOAT4 column must use
// the (lossy) f32 narrowing, not reinterpret the f64 bytes.
let value = 0.1f64;
assert_eq!(
encode(&PgValue::Float(value), &Type::FLOAT4).0,
(value as f32).to_be_bytes()
);
// And the result is provably narrower than the FLOAT8 encoding.
assert_ne!(
encode(&PgValue::Float(value), &Type::FLOAT4).0,
value.to_be_bytes()[..4].to_vec()
);
}
#[test]
fn to_sql_rejects_mismatched_column_type() {
// A value whose type doesn't match the column is a `WrongType` error
// rather than a silent reinterpretation. Hit a few distinct arms.
let cases: &[(PgValue, Type)] = &[
(PgValue::Int(1), Type::TEXT),
(PgValue::Text("x".into()), Type::INT4),
(PgValue::Bytea(Box::from(&b"x"[..])), Type::TEXT),
(PgValue::Bool(true), Type::INT4),
(PgValue::Float(1.0), Type::INT8),
];
for (value, ty) in cases {
let mut buf = BytesMut::new();
assert!(
value.to_sql(ty, &mut buf).is_err(),
"expected {value:?} -> {ty} to be rejected"
);
}
}
#[test]
fn to_sql_integer_width_boundaries() {
// Boundary values for each width encode; one step past the boundary is
// rejected by the `try_into` guards (INT8 spans all of i64, so there is
// nothing out of range for it).
assert!(encode_result(&PgValue::Int(i16::MAX as i64), &Type::INT2).is_ok());
assert!(encode_result(&PgValue::Int(i16::MIN as i64), &Type::INT2).is_ok());
assert!(encode_result(&PgValue::Int(i16::MAX as i64 + 1), &Type::INT2).is_err());
assert!(encode_result(&PgValue::Int(i16::MIN as i64 - 1), &Type::INT2).is_err());
assert!(encode_result(&PgValue::Int(i32::MAX as i64), &Type::INT4).is_ok());
assert!(encode_result(&PgValue::Int(i32::MIN as i64), &Type::INT4).is_ok());
assert!(encode_result(&PgValue::Int(i32::MAX as i64 + 1), &Type::INT4).is_err());
assert!(encode_result(&PgValue::Int(i32::MIN as i64 - 1), &Type::INT4).is_err());
assert_eq!(
encode(&PgValue::Int(i64::MAX), &Type::INT8).0,
i64::MAX.to_be_bytes()
);
assert_eq!(
encode(&PgValue::Int(i64::MIN), &Type::INT8).0,
i64::MIN.to_be_bytes()
);
}
#[test]
fn accepts_lists_match_supported_types() {
// The encode and decode sides must accept exactly the supported column
// types and reject everything else; a drift between the two `accepts`
// lists and the `match` arms would surface here.
for ty in [
Type::BOOL,
Type::INT2,
Type::INT4,
Type::INT8,
Type::FLOAT4,
Type::FLOAT8,
Type::TEXT,
Type::VARCHAR,
Type::NAME,
Type::BPCHAR,
Type::BYTEA,
] {
assert!(<PgValue as ToSql>::accepts(&ty), "ToSql should accept {ty}");
assert!(
<PythonPgFromSql as tokio_postgres::types::FromSql>::accepts(&ty),
"FromSql should accept {ty}"
);
}
for ty in [Type::JSON, Type::TIMESTAMPTZ, Type::UUID] {
assert!(
!<PgValue as ToSql>::accepts(&ty),
"ToSql should reject {ty}"
);
assert!(
!<PythonPgFromSql as tokio_postgres::types::FromSql>::accepts(&ty),
"FromSql should reject {ty}"
);
}
}
#[test]
fn from_sql_decodes_into_python_objects() {
use tokio_postgres::types::FromSql;
Python::initialize();
Python::attach(|py| {
// Each supported type round-trips from its wire bytes to the
// matching Python object. This mirrors the encode test's type list.
let int2 = PythonPgFromSql::from_sql(&Type::INT2, &7i16.to_be_bytes()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(int2.0.unwrap().extract::<i64>(py).unwrap(), 7);
let int4 = PythonPgFromSql::from_sql(&Type::INT4, &42i32.to_be_bytes()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(int4.0.unwrap().extract::<i64>(py).unwrap(), 42);
// A wide INT8 that wouldn't fit in INT4, to prove the width is honoured.
let big = i64::MAX - 1;
let int8 = PythonPgFromSql::from_sql(&Type::INT8, &big.to_be_bytes()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(int8.0.unwrap().extract::<i64>(py).unwrap(), big);
// FLOAT4 decodes via an f32, then widens to a Python float.
let f4 = PythonPgFromSql::from_sql(&Type::FLOAT4, &1.5f32.to_be_bytes()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(f4.0.unwrap().extract::<f64>(py).unwrap(), 1.5);
let f8 = PythonPgFromSql::from_sql(&Type::FLOAT8, &2.5f64.to_be_bytes()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(f8.0.unwrap().extract::<f64>(py).unwrap(), 2.5);
let b = PythonPgFromSql::from_sql(&Type::BOOL, &[1]).unwrap();
assert!(b.0.unwrap().extract::<bool>(py).unwrap());
let text = PythonPgFromSql::from_sql(&Type::TEXT, b"hi").unwrap();
assert_eq!(text.0.unwrap().extract::<String>(py).unwrap(), "hi");
// BYTEA passes raw bytes through unchanged, including NULs and
// non-UTF-8 data — the natural inverse of the encode test.
let bytea = PythonPgFromSql::from_sql(&Type::BYTEA, b"\x00\xff").unwrap();
assert_eq!(
bytea.0.unwrap().extract::<Vec<u8>>(py).unwrap(),
b"\x00\xff"
);
// A SQL NULL decodes to `None` via `from_sql_null`.
let null = PythonPgFromSql::from_sql_null(&Type::INT4).unwrap();
assert!(null.0.is_none());
});
}
#[test]
fn from_sql_rejects_unsupported_column_type() {
use tokio_postgres::types::FromSql;
// The `_ =>` arm in `from_sql_with_py` guards against `accepts` drifting
// out of sync; decoding an unsupported type is an error, not a panic.
Python::initialize();
Python::attach(|_py| {
assert!(PythonPgFromSql::from_sql(&Type::JSON, b"{}").is_err());
});
}
#[test]
fn from_sql_rejects_non_utf8_text() {
use tokio_postgres::types::FromSql;
// TEXT decode goes through `PyString::from_bytes`, which validates
// UTF-8: malformed bytes surface as an error rather than a panic.
Python::initialize();
Python::attach(|_py| {
assert!(PythonPgFromSql::from_sql(&Type::TEXT, b"\xff\xfe").is_err());
});
}
}