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417 lines
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<main>
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<h1 id="overview"><a class="header" href="#overview">Overview</a></h1>
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<p>This document explains how to enable VoIP relaying on your homeserver with
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TURN.</p>
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<p>The synapse Matrix homeserver supports integration with TURN server via the
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<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-uberti-behave-turn-rest-00">TURN server REST API</a>. This
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allows the homeserver to generate credentials that are valid for use on the
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TURN server through the use of a secret shared between the homeserver and the
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TURN server.</p>
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<p>This documentation provides two TURN server configuration examples:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="setup/turn/coturn.html">coturn</a></li>
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<li><a href="setup/turn/eturnal.html">eturnal</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="requirements"><a class="header" href="#requirements">Requirements</a></h2>
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<p>For TURN relaying to work, the TURN service must be hosted on a server/endpoint with a public IP.</p>
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<p>Hosting TURN behind NAT requires port forwarding and for the NAT gateway to have a public IP.
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However, even with appropriate configuration, NAT is known to cause issues and to often not work.</p>
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<p>Afterwards, the homeserver needs some further configuration.</p>
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<h2 id="synapse-setup"><a class="header" href="#synapse-setup">Synapse setup</a></h2>
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<p>Your homeserver configuration file needs the following extra keys:</p>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#turn_uris"><code>turn_uris</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#turn_shared_secret"><code>turn_shared_secret</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#turn_user_lifetime"><code>turn_user_lifetime</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#turn_allow_guests"><code>turn_allow_guests</code></a></li>
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</ol>
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<p>As an example, here is the relevant section of the config file for <code>matrix.org</code>. The
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<code>turn_uris</code> are appropriate for TURN servers listening on the default ports, with no TLS.</p>
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<pre><code>turn_uris: [ "turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=udp", "turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=tcp" ]
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turn_shared_secret: "n0t4ctuAllymatr1Xd0TorgSshar3d5ecret4obvIousreAsons"
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turn_user_lifetime: 86400000
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turn_allow_guests: true
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</code></pre>
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<p>After updating the homeserver configuration, you must restart synapse:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>If you use synctl:
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<pre><code class="language-sh"># Depending on how Synapse is installed, synctl may already be on
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# your PATH. If not, you may need to activate a virtual environment.
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synctl restart
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</code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>If you use systemd:
|
||
<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl restart matrix-synapse.service
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>… and then reload any clients (or wait an hour for them to refresh their
|
||
settings).</p>
|
||
<h2 id="troubleshooting"><a class="header" href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The normal symptoms of a misconfigured TURN server are that calls between
|
||
devices on different networks ring, but get stuck at “call
|
||
connecting”. Unfortunately, troubleshooting this can be tricky.</p>
|
||
<p>Here are a few things to try:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow TCP and UDP traffic to the
|
||
TURN ports (normally 3478 and 5349).</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow UDP traffic to the UDP
|
||
relay ports (49152-65535 by default).</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Try disabling TLS/DTLS listeners and enable only its (unencrypted)
|
||
TCP/UDP listeners. (This will only leave signaling traffic unencrypted;
|
||
voice & video WebRTC traffic is always encrypted.)</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Some WebRTC implementations (notably, that of Google Chrome) appear to get
|
||
confused by TURN servers which are reachable over IPv6 (this appears to be
|
||
an unexpected side-effect of its handling of multiple IP addresses as
|
||
defined by
|
||
<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling-12"><code>draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling</code></a>).</p>
|
||
<p>Try removing any AAAA records for your TURN server, so that it is only
|
||
reachable over IPv4.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>If your TURN server is behind NAT:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>double-check that your NAT gateway is correctly forwarding all TURN
|
||
ports (normally 3478 & 5349 for TCP & UDP TURN traffic, and 49152-65535 for the UDP
|
||
relay) to the NAT-internal address of your TURN server. If advertising
|
||
both IPv4 and IPv6 external addresses via the <code>external-ip</code> option, ensure
|
||
that the NAT is forwarding both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic to the IPv4 and IPv6
|
||
internal addresses of your TURN server. When in doubt, remove AAAA records
|
||
for your TURN server and specify only an IPv4 address as your <code>external-ip</code>.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>ensure that your TURN server uses the NAT gateway as its default route.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Enable more verbose logging, in <code>coturn</code> via the <code>verbose</code> setting:</p>
|
||
<pre><code>verbose
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>or with <code>eturnal</code> with the shell command <code>eturnalctl loglevel debug</code> or in the configuration file (the service needs to <a href="https://eturnal.net/documentation/#Operation">reload</a> for it to become effective):</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-yaml"> ## Logging configuration:
|
||
log_level: debug
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>… and then see if there are any clues in its logs.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>If you are using a browser-based client under Chrome, check
|
||
<code>chrome://webrtc-internals/</code> for insights into the internals of the
|
||
negotiation. On Firefox, check the “Connection Log” on <code>about:webrtc</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>(Understanding the output is beyond the scope of this document!)</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>You can test your Matrix homeserver TURN setup with <a href="https://test.voip.librepush.net/">https://test.voip.librepush.net/</a>.
|
||
Note that this test is not fully reliable yet, so don’t be discouraged if
|
||
the test fails.
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/voip-tester">Here</a> is the github repo of the
|
||
source of the tester, where you can file bug reports.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>There is a WebRTC test tool at
|
||
<a href="https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/peerconnection/trickle-ice/">https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/peerconnection/trickle-ice/</a>. To
|
||
use it, you will need a username/password for your TURN server. You can
|
||
either:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>look for the <code>GET /_matrix/client/r0/voip/turnServer</code> request made by a
|
||
matrix client to your homeserver in your browser’s network inspector. In
|
||
the response you should see <code>username</code> and <code>password</code>. Or:</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Use the following shell commands for <code>coturn</code>:</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-sh">secret=staticAuthSecretHere
|
||
|
||
u=$((`date +%s` + 3600)):test
|
||
p=$(echo -n $u | openssl dgst -hmac $secret -sha1 -binary | base64)
|
||
echo -e "username: $u\npassword: $p"
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>or for <code>eturnal</code></p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-sh">eturnalctl credentials
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Or (<strong>coturn only</strong>): Temporarily configure <code>coturn</code> to accept a static
|
||
username/password. To do this, comment out <code>use-auth-secret</code> and
|
||
<code>static-auth-secret</code> and add the following:</p>
|
||
<pre><code>lt-cred-mech
|
||
user=username:password
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>Note</strong>: these settings will not take effect unless <code>use-auth-secret</code>
|
||
and <code>static-auth-secret</code> are disabled.</p>
|
||
<p>Restart coturn after changing the configuration file.</p>
|
||
<p>Remember to restore the original settings to go back to testing with
|
||
Matrix clients!</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>If the TURN server is working correctly, you should see at least one <code>relay</code>
|
||
entry in the results.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
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