docs(docker): Restructure deployment guide and add env var reference

Add Quick Run section with complete getting-started workflow including
admin user creation via --execute flag. Consolidate Docker Compose to
treat reverse proxy as essential with Traefik/Caddy/nginx examples.

Move detailed image building to development guide, keeping deployment
docs focused on using pre-built images.

Create environment variables reference with practical examples and
context. Clarify built-in TLS is for testing only; production should
use reverse proxies.

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ repos:
         - id: check-added-large-files
 
   - repo: https://github.com/crate-ci/typos
-    rev: v1.43.4
+    rev: v1.43.5
     hooks:
       - id: typos
       - id: typos

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -85,24 +85,31 @@ ### Matrix tests
 
 ### Writing documentation
 
-Continuwuity's website uses [`mdbook`][mdbook] and is deployed via CI using Cloudflare Pages
+Continuwuity's website uses [`rspress`][rspress] and is deployed via CI using Cloudflare Pages
 in the [`documentation.yml`][documentation.yml] workflow file. All documentation is in the `docs/`
 directory at the top level.
 
-To build the documentation locally:
+To load the documentation locally:
+
+1. Install NodeJS and npm from their [official website][nodejs-download] or via your package manager of choice
+
+2. From the project's root directory, install the relevant npm modules
 
-1. Install mdbook if you don't have it already:
    ```bash
-   cargo install mdbook # or cargo binstall, or another method
+   npm ci
    ```
 
-2. Build the documentation:
+3. Make changes to the document pages as you see fit
+
+4. Generate a live preview of the documentation
+
    ```bash
-   mdbook build
+   npm run docs:dev
    ```
 
-The output of the mdbook generation is in `public/`. You can open the HTML files directly in your browser without needing a web server.
+   A webserver for the docs will be spun up for you (e.g. at `http://localhost:3000`). Any changes you make to the documentation will be live-reloaded on the webpage.
 
+Alternatively, you can build the documentation using `npm run docs:build` - the output of this will be in the `/doc_build` directory. Once you're happy with your documentation updates, you can commit the changes.
 
 ### Commit Messages
 
@@ -169,5 +176,6 @@ ### Creating pull requests
 [continuwuity-matrix]: https://matrix.to/#/#continuwuity:continuwuity.org?via=continuwuity.org&via=ellis.link&via=explodie.org&via=matrix.org
 [complement]: https://github.com/matrix-org/complement/
 [sytest]: https://github.com/matrix-org/sytest/
-[mdbook]: https://rust-lang.github.io/mdBook/
+[nodejs-download]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[rspress]: https://rspress.rs/
 [documentation.yml]: https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity/src/branch/main/.forgejo/workflows/documentation.yml

Cargo.toml

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ default-features = false
 version = "0.1.3"
 
 [workspace.dependencies.rand]
-version = "0.8.5"
+version = "0.10.0"
 
 # Used for the http request / response body type for Ruma endpoints used with reqwest
 [workspace.dependencies.bytes]
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ version = "1.3.1"
 version = "1.11.1"
 
 [workspace.dependencies.axum]
-version = "0.7.9"
+version = "0.8.8"
 default-features = false
 features = [
     "form",
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ features = [
 ]
 
 [workspace.dependencies.axum-extra]
-version = "0.9.6"
+version = "0.10.1"
 default-features = false
 features = ["typed-header", "tracing"]
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ default-features = false
 version = "0.7"
 
 [workspace.dependencies.axum-client-ip]
-version = "0.6.1"
+version = "0.7"
 
 [workspace.dependencies.tower]
 version = "0.5.2"
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ default-features = false
 features = ["util"]
 
 [workspace.dependencies.tower-http]
-version = "0.6.2"
+version = "0.6.8"
 default-features = false
 features = [
     "add-extension",
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ features = [
 version = "0.4.0"
 
 [workspace.dependencies.libloading]
-version = "0.8.6"
+version = "0.9.0"
 
 # Validating urls in config, was already a transitive dependency
 [workspace.dependencies.url]
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ default-features = false
 features = ["env", "toml"]
 
 [workspace.dependencies.hickory-resolver]
-version = "0.25.1"
+version = "0.25.2"
 default-features = false
 features = [
     "serde",
@@ -342,7 +342,8 @@ version = "0.1.2"
 # Used for matrix spec type definitions and helpers
 [workspace.dependencies.ruma]
 git = "https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/ruwuma"
-rev = "b496b7f38d517149361a882e75d3fd4faf210441"
+#branch = "conduwuit-changes"
+rev = "e087ff15888156942ca2ffe6097d1b4c3fd27628"
 features = [
     "compat",
     "rand",
@@ -424,7 +425,7 @@ features = ["http", "grpc-tonic", "trace", "logs", "metrics"]
 
 # optional sentry metrics for crash/panic reporting
 [workspace.dependencies.sentry]
-version = "0.45.0"
+version = "0.46.0"
 default-features = false
 features = [
     "backtrace",
@@ -440,9 +441,9 @@ features = [
 ]
 
 [workspace.dependencies.sentry-tracing]
-version = "0.45.0"
+version = "0.46.0"
 [workspace.dependencies.sentry-tower]
-version = "0.45.0"
+version = "0.46.0"
 
 # jemalloc usage
 [workspace.dependencies.tikv-jemalloc-sys]
@@ -471,7 +472,7 @@ features = ["use_std"]
 version = "0.5"
 
 [workspace.dependencies.nix]
-version = "0.30.1"
+version = "0.31.0"
 default-features = false
 features = ["resource"]
 
@@ -553,7 +554,7 @@ version = "0.7.5"
 version = "1.0.1"
 
 [workspace.dependencies.askama]
-version = "0.14.0"
+version = "0.15.0"
 
 #
 # Patches

README.md

@@ -57,10 +57,15 @@ ### What are the project's goals?
 
 ### Can I try it out?
 
-Check out the [documentation](https://continuwuity.org) for installation instructions, or join one of these vetted public homeservers running Continuwuity to get a feel for things!
+Check out the [documentation](https://continuwuity.org) for installation instructions.
 
-- https://continuwuity.rocks -- A public demo server operated by the Continuwuity Team.
-- https://federated.nexus -- Federated Nexus is a community resource hosting multiple FOSS (especially federated) services, including Matrix and Forgejo.
+If you want to try it out as a user, we have some partnered homeservers you can use:
+* You can head over to [https://federated.nexus](https://federated.nexus/) in your browser.
+  * Hit the `Apply to Join` button. Once your request has been accepted, you will receive an email with your username and password.
+  * Head over to [https://app.federated.nexus](https://app.federated.nexus/) and you can sign in there, or use any other matrix chat client you wish elsewhere.
+  * Your username for matrix will be in the form of `@username:federated.nexus`, however you can simply use the `username` part to log in. Your password is your password.
+
+* There's also [https://continuwuity.rocks/](https://continuwuity.rocks/). You can register a new account using Cinny via [this convenient link](https://app.cinny.in/register/continuwuity.rocks), or you can use Element or another matrix client *that supports registration*.
 
 ### What are we working on?
 

changelog.d/1393.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Removed non-compliant nor functional room alias lookups over federation. Contributed by @nex

changelog.d/1399.feature

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Outgoing presence is now disabled by default, and the config option documentation has been adjusted to more accurately represent the weight of presence, typing indicators, and read receipts. Contributed by @nex.

changelog.d/1418.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Removed ability to set rocksdb as read only. Doing so would cause unintentional and buggy behaviour. Contributed by @Terryiscool160.

changelog.d/1421.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fixed a startup crash in the sender service if we can't detect the number of CPU cores, even if the `sender_workers' config option is set correctly. Contributed by @katie.

changelog.d/1428.feature

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improved the concurrency handling of federation transactions, vastly improving performance and reliability by more accurately handling inbound transactions and reducing the amount of repeated wasted work. Contributed by @nex and @Jade.

changelog.d/1435.feature.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Added MSC3202 Device masquerading (not all of MSC3202). This should fix issues with enabling MSC4190 for some Mautrix bridges. Contributed by @Jade

changelog.d/list-backups-formatting.feature

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Updated `list-backups` admin command to output one backup per line.

changelog.d/url-preview-fix.feature

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improved URL preview fetching with a more compatible user agent for sites like YouTube Music. Added `!admin media delete-url-preview <url>` command to clear cached URL previews that were stuck and broken.

conduwuit-example.toml

@@ -290,6 +290,25 @@
 #
 #max_fetch_prev_events = 192
 
+# How many incoming federation transactions the server is willing to be
+# processing at any given time before it becomes overloaded and starts
+# rejecting further transactions until some slots become available.
+#
+# Setting this value too low or too high may result in unstable
+# federation, and setting it too high may cause runaway resource usage.
+#
+#max_concurrent_inbound_transactions = 150
+
+# Maximum age (in seconds) for cached federation transaction responses.
+# Entries older than this will be removed during cleanup.
+#
+#transaction_id_cache_max_age_secs = 7200 (2 hours)
+
+# Maximum number of cached federation transaction responses.
+# When the cache exceeds this limit, older entries will be removed.
+#
+#transaction_id_cache_max_entries = 8192
+
 # Default/base connection timeout (seconds). This is used only by URL
 # previews and update/news endpoint checks.
 #
@@ -1056,14 +1075,6 @@
 #
 #rocksdb_repair = false
 
-# This item is undocumented. Please contribute documentation for it.
-#
-#rocksdb_read_only = false
-
-# This item is undocumented. Please contribute documentation for it.
-#
-#rocksdb_secondary = false
-
 # Enables idle CPU priority for compaction thread. This is not enabled by
 # default to prevent compaction from falling too far behind on busy
 # systems.
@@ -1120,27 +1131,34 @@
 
 # Allow local (your server only) presence updates/requests.
 #
-# Note that presence on continuwuity is very fast unlike Synapse's. If
-# using outgoing presence, this MUST be enabled.
+# Local presence must be enabled for outgoing presence to function.
+#
+# Note that local presence is not as heavy on the CPU as federated
+# presence, but will still become more expensive the more local users you
+# have.
 #
 #allow_local_presence = true
 
-# Allow incoming federated presence updates/requests.
+# Allow incoming federated presence updates.
 #
-# This option receives presence updates from other servers, but does not
-# send any unless `allow_outgoing_presence` is true. Note that presence on
-# continuwuity is very fast unlike Synapse's.
+# This option enables processing inbound presence updates from other
+# servers. Without it, remote users will appear as if they are always
+# offline to your local users. This does not affect typing indicators or
+# read receipts.
 #
 #allow_incoming_presence = true
 
 # Allow outgoing presence updates/requests.
 #
-# This option sends presence updates to other servers, but does not
-# receive any unless `allow_incoming_presence` is true. Note that presence
-# on continuwuity is very fast unlike Synapse's. If using outgoing
-# presence, you MUST enable `allow_local_presence` as well.
+# This option sends presence updates to other servers, and requires that
+# `allow_local_presence` is also enabled.
 #
-#allow_outgoing_presence = true
+# Note that outgoing presence is very heavy on the CPU and network, and
+# will typically cause extreme strain and slowdowns for no real benefit.
+# There are only a few clients that even implement presence, so you
+# probably don't want to enable this.
+#
+#allow_outgoing_presence = false
 
 # How many seconds without presence updates before you become idle.
 # Defaults to 5 minutes.
@@ -1174,6 +1192,10 @@
 
 # Allow sending read receipts to remote servers.
 #
+# Note that sending read receipts to remote servers in large rooms with
+# lots of other homeservers may cause additional strain on the CPU and
+# network.
+#
 #allow_outgoing_read_receipts = true
 
 # Allow local typing updates.
@@ -1185,6 +1207,10 @@
 
 # Allow outgoing typing updates to federation.
 #
+# Note that sending typing indicators to remote servers in large rooms
+# with lots of other homeservers may cause additional strain on the CPU
+# and network.
+#
 #allow_outgoing_typing = true
 
 # Allow incoming typing updates from federation.
@@ -1318,7 +1344,7 @@
 # sender user's server name, inbound federation X-Matrix origin, and
 # outbound federation handler.
 #
-# You can set this to ["*"] to block all servers by default, and then
+# You can set this to [".*"] to block all servers by default, and then
 # use `allowed_remote_server_names` to allow only specific servers.
 #
 # example: ["badserver\\.tld$", "badphrase", "19dollarfortnitecards"]

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ ENV BINSTALL_VERSION=1.17.5
 # renovate: datasource=github-releases depName=psastras/sbom-rs
 ENV CARGO_SBOM_VERSION=0.9.1
 # renovate: datasource=crate depName=lddtree
-ENV LDDTREE_VERSION=0.4.0
+ENV LDDTREE_VERSION=0.5.0
 # renovate: datasource=crate depName=timelord-cli
 ENV TIMELORD_VERSION=3.0.1
 

docker/musl.Dockerfile

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ ENV BINSTALL_VERSION=1.17.5
 # renovate: datasource=github-releases depName=psastras/sbom-rs
 ENV CARGO_SBOM_VERSION=0.9.1
 # renovate: datasource=crate depName=lddtree
-ENV LDDTREE_VERSION=0.4.0
+ENV LDDTREE_VERSION=0.5.0
 
 # Install unpackaged tools
 RUN <<EOF

docs/_meta.json

@@ -64,6 +64,11 @@
         "label": "Configuration Reference",
         "name": "/reference/config"
     },
+    {
+        "type": "file",
+        "label": "Environment Variables",
+        "name": "/reference/environment-variables"
+    },
     {
         "type": "dir",
         "label": "Admin Command Reference",

docs/calls/livekit.mdx

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ ### 4. Configure your Reverse Proxy
         # for lk-jwt-service
         @lk-jwt-service path /sfu/get* /healthz* /get_token*
         route @lk-jwt-service {
-            reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:8080
+            reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:8081
         }
 
         # for livekit
@@ -146,6 +146,46 @@ ### 4. Configure your Reverse Proxy
     ```
 </details>
 
+<details>
+    <summary>Example nginx config</summary>
+    ```
+    server {
+        server_name matrix-rtc.example.com;
+
+        # for lk-jwt-service
+        location ~ ^/(sfu/get|healthz|get_token) {
+            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081$request_uri;
+            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
+            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
+            proxy_buffering off;
+        }
+
+        # for livekit
+        location / {
+            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:7880$request_uri;
+            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
+            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
+            proxy_buffering off;
+
+            # websocket
+            proxy_http_version 1.1;
+            proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
+            proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
+        }
+    }
+    ```
+
+    Note that for websockets to work, you need to have this somewhere outside your server block:
+    ```
+    map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
+        default upgrade;
+        ''      close;
+    }
+    ```
+</details>
+
 <details>
     <summary>Example traefik router</summary>
     ```
@@ -226,4 +266,3 @@ ### Related Documentation
 - [Synapse documentation](https://github.com/element-hq/element-call/blob/livekit/docs/self-hosting.md)
 - [Community guide](https://tomfos.tr/matrix/livekit/)
 - [Community guide](https://blog.kimiblock.top/2024/12/24/hosting-element-call/)
--

docs/deploying/docker-compose.for-traefik.yml

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ services:
     restart: unless-stopped
     volumes:
       - db:/var/lib/continuwuity
-      - /etc/resolv.conf:/etc/resolv.conf:ro # Use the host's DNS resolver rather than Docker's.
       #- ./continuwuity.toml:/etc/continuwuity.toml
     networks:
       - proxy

docs/deploying/docker.mdx

@@ -2,28 +2,26 @@ # Continuwuity for Docker
 
 ## Docker
 
-To run Continuwuity with Docker, you can either build the image yourself or pull it
-from a registry.
+To run Continuwuity with Docker, you can either build the image yourself or pull
+it from a registry.
 
 ### Use a registry
 
-OCI images for Continuwuity are available in the registries listed below.
+Available OCI images:
 
-| Registry        | Image                                                           | Notes                  |
-| --------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | -----------------------|
-| Forgejo Registry| [forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:latest](https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/-/packages/container/continuwuity/latest)     | Latest tagged image.   |
-| Forgejo Registry| [forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:main](https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/-/packages/container/continuwuity/main)       | Main branch image.     |
-| Forgejo Registry| [forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:latest-maxperf](https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/-/packages/container/continuwuity/latest-maxperf) | [Performance optimised version.](./generic.mdx#performance-optimised-builds) |
-| Forgejo Registry| [forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:main-maxperf](https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/-/packages/container/continuwuity/main-maxperf)   | [Performance optimised version.](./generic.mdx#performance-optimised-builds) |
+| Registry         | Image                                                                                                                                                       | Notes                                                                        |
+| ---------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Forgejo Registry | [forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:latest](https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/-/packages/container/continuwuity/latest)                 | Latest tagged image.                                                         |
+| Forgejo Registry | [forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:main](https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/-/packages/container/continuwuity/main)                     | Main branch image.                                                           |
+| Forgejo Registry | [forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:latest-maxperf](https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/-/packages/container/continuwuity/latest-maxperf) | [Performance optimised version.](./generic.mdx#performance-optimised-builds) |
+| Forgejo Registry | [forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:main-maxperf](https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/-/packages/container/continuwuity/main-maxperf)     | [Performance optimised version.](./generic.mdx#performance-optimised-builds) |
 
-Use
+**Example:**
 
 ```bash
-docker image pull $LINK
+docker image pull forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:main-maxperf
 ```
 
-to pull it to your machine.
-
 #### Mirrors
 
 Images are mirrored to multiple locations automatically, on a schedule:
@@ -33,39 +31,146 @@ #### Mirrors
 - `registry.gitlab.com/continuwuity/continuwuity`
 - `git.nexy7574.co.uk/mirrored/continuwuity` (releases only, no `main`)
 
-### Run
+### Quick Run
 
-When you have the image, you can simply run it with
+Get a working Continuwuity server with an admin user in four steps:
+
+#### Prerequisites
+
+Continuwuity requires HTTPS for Matrix federation. You'll need:
+
+- A domain name pointing to your server
+- A reverse proxy with SSL/TLS certificates (Traefik, Caddy, nginx, etc.)
+
+See [Docker Compose](#docker-compose) for complete examples.
+
+#### Environment Variables
+
+- `CONTINUWUITY_SERVER_NAME` - Your Matrix server's domain name
+- `CONTINUWUITY_DATABASE_PATH` - Where to store your database (must match the
+  volume mount)
+- `CONTINUWUITY_ADDRESS` - Bind address (use `0.0.0.0` to listen on all
+  interfaces)
+- `CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_REGISTRATION` - Set to `false` to disable registration, or
+  use with `CONTINUWUITY_REGISTRATION_TOKEN` to require a token (see
+  [reference](../reference/environment-variables.mdx#registration--user-configuration)
+  for details)
+
+See the
+[Environment Variables Reference](../reference/environment-variables.mdx) for
+more configuration options.
+
+#### 1. Pull the image
 
 ```bash
-docker run -d -p 8448:6167 \
-    -v db:/var/lib/continuwuity/ \
-    -e CONTINUWUITY_SERVER_NAME="your.server.name" \
-    -e CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_REGISTRATION=false \
-    --name continuwuity $LINK
+docker pull forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:latest
 ```
 
-or you can use [Docker Compose](#docker-compose).
+#### 2. Start the server with initial admin user
 
-The `-d` flag lets the container run in detached mode. You may supply an
-optional `continuwuity.toml` config file, the example config can be found
-[here](../reference/config.mdx). You can pass in different env vars to
-change config values on the fly. You can even configure Continuwuity completely by
-using env vars. For an overview of possible values, please take a look at the
-<a href="/examples/docker-compose.yml" target="_blank">`docker-compose.yml`</a> file.
+```bash
+docker run -d \
+  -p 6167:6167 \
+  -v continuwuity_db:/var/lib/continuwuity \
+  -e CONTINUWUITY_SERVER_NAME="matrix.example.com" \
+  -e CONTINUWUITY_DATABASE_PATH="/var/lib/continuwuity" \
+  -e CONTINUWUITY_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0" \
+  -e CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_REGISTRATION="false" \
+  --name continuwuity \
+  forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:latest \
+  --execute "users create-user admin"
+```
 
-If you just want to test Continuwuity for a short time, you can use the `--rm`
-flag, which cleans up everything related to your container after you stop
-it.
+Replace `matrix.example.com` with your actual server name and `admin` with
+your preferred username.
+
+#### 3. Get your admin password
+
+```bash
+docker logs continuwuity 2>&1 | grep "Created user"
+```
+
+You'll see output like:
+
+```
+Created user with user_id: @admin:matrix.example.com and password: `[auto-generated-password]`
+```
+
+#### 4. Configure your reverse proxy
+
+Configure your reverse proxy to forward HTTPS traffic to Continuwuity. See
+[Docker Compose](#docker-compose) for examples.
+
+Once configured, log in with any Matrix client using `@admin:matrix.example.com`
+and the generated password. You'll automatically be invited to the admin room
+where you can manage your server.
 
 ### Docker Compose
 
-If the `docker run` command is not suitable for you or your setup, you can also use one
-of the provided `docker-compose` files.
+Docker Compose is the recommended deployment method. These examples include
+reverse proxy configurations for Matrix federation.
 
-Depending on your proxy setup, you can use one of the following files:
+#### Matrix Federation Requirements
 
-### For existing Traefik setup
+For Matrix federation to work, you need to serve `.well-known/matrix/client` and
+`.well-known/matrix/server` endpoints. You can achieve this either by:
+
+1. **Using a well-known service** - The compose files below include an nginx
+   container to serve these files
+2. **Using Continuwuity's built-in delegation** (easier for Traefik) - Configure
+   delegation files in your config, then proxy `/.well-known/matrix/*` to
+   Continuwuity
+
+**Traefik example using built-in delegation:**
+
+```yaml
+labels:
+  traefik.http.routers.continuwuity.rule: >-
+    (Host(`matrix.example.com`) ||
+     (Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/.well-known/matrix`)))
+```
+
+This routes your Matrix domain and well-known paths to Continuwuity.
+
+#### Creating Your First Admin User
+
+Add the `--execute` command to create an admin user on first startup. In your
+compose file, add under the `continuwuity` service:
+
+```yaml
+services:
+    continuwuity:
+        image: forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:latest
+        command: --execute "users create-user admin"
+        # ... rest of configuration
+```
+
+Then retrieve the auto-generated password:
+
+```bash
+docker compose logs continuwuity | grep "Created user"
+```
+
+#### Choose Your Reverse Proxy
+
+Select the compose file that matches your setup:
+
+:::note DNS Performance
+Docker's default DNS resolver can cause performance issues with Matrix
+federation. If you experience slow federation or DNS timeouts, you may need to
+use your host's DNS resolver instead. Add this volume mount to the
+`continuwuity` service:
+
+```yaml
+volumes:
+  - /etc/resolv.conf:/etc/resolv.conf:ro
+```
+
+See [Troubleshooting - DNS Issues](../troubleshooting.mdx#potential-dns-issues-when-using-docker)
+for more details and alternative solutions.
+:::
+
+##### For existing Traefik setup
 
 <details>
 <summary>docker-compose.for-traefik.yml</summary>
@@ -76,7 +181,7 @@ ### For existing Traefik setup
 
 </details>
 
-### With Traefik included
+##### With Traefik included
 
 <details>
 <summary>docker-compose.with-traefik.yml</summary>
@@ -87,7 +192,7 @@ ### With Traefik included
 
 </details>
 
-### With Caddy Docker Proxy
+##### With Caddy Docker Proxy
 
 <details>
 <summary>docker-compose.with-caddy.yml</summary>
@@ -98,9 +203,15 @@ ### With Caddy Docker Proxy
 
 ```
 
+If you don't already have a network for Caddy to monitor, create one first:
+
+```bash
+docker network create caddy
+```
+
 </details>
 
-### For other reverse proxies
+##### For other reverse proxies
 
 <details>
 <summary>docker-compose.yml</summary>
@@ -111,7 +222,7 @@ ### For other reverse proxies
 
 </details>
 
-### Override file
+##### Override file for customisation
 
 <details>
 <summary>docker-compose.override.yml</summary>
@@ -122,98 +233,24 @@ ### Override file
 
 </details>
 
-When picking the Traefik-related compose file, rename it to
-`docker-compose.yml`, and rename the override file to
-`docker-compose.override.yml`. Edit the latter with the values you want for your
-server.
+#### Starting Your Server
 
-When picking the `caddy-docker-proxy` compose file, it's important to first
-create the `caddy` network before spinning up the containers:
-
-```bash
-docker network create caddy
-```
-
-After that, you can rename it to `docker-compose.yml` and spin up the
-containers!
-
-Additional info about deploying Continuwuity can be found [here](generic.mdx).
-
-### Build
-
-Official Continuwuity images are built using **Docker Buildx** and the Dockerfile found at [`docker/Dockerfile`][dockerfile-path]. This approach uses common Docker tooling and enables efficient multi-platform builds.
-
-The resulting images are widely compatible with Docker and other container runtimes like Podman or containerd.
-
-The images *do not contain a shell*. They contain only the Continuwuity binary, required libraries, TLS certificates, and metadata.
-
-<details>
-<summary>Click to view the Dockerfile</summary>
-
-You can also <a href="https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuation/src/branch/main/docker/Dockerfile" target="_blank">view the Dockerfile on Forgejo</a>.
-
-```dockerfile file="../../docker/Dockerfile"
-
-```
-
-</details>
-
-To build an image locally using Docker Buildx, you can typically run a command like:
-
-```bash
-# Build for the current platform and load into the local Docker daemon
-docker buildx build --load --tag continuwuity:latest -f docker/Dockerfile .
-
-# Example: Build for specific platforms and push to a registry.
-# docker buildx build --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --tag registry.io/org/continuwuity:latest -f docker/Dockerfile . --push
-
-# Example: Build binary optimised for the current CPU (standard release profile)
-# docker buildx build --load \
-#   --tag continuwuity:latest \
-#   --build-arg TARGET_CPU=native \
-#   -f docker/Dockerfile .
-
-# Example: Build maxperf variant (release-max-perf profile with LTO)
-# Optimised for runtime performance and smaller binary size, but requires longer build time
-# docker buildx build --load \
-#   --tag continuwuity:latest-maxperf \
-#   --build-arg TARGET_CPU=native \
-#   --build-arg RUST_PROFILE=release-max-perf \
-#   -f docker/Dockerfile .
-```
-
-Refer to the Docker Buildx documentation for more advanced build options.
-
-[dockerfile-path]: https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuation/src/branch/main/docker/Dockerfile
-
-### Run
-
-If you have already built the image or want to use one from the registries, you
-can start the container and everything else in the compose file in detached
-mode with:
+1. Choose your compose file and rename it to `docker-compose.yml`
+2. If using the override file, rename it to `docker-compose.override.yml` and
+   edit your values
+3. Start the server:
 
 ```bash
 docker compose up -d
 ```
 
-> **Note:** Don't forget to modify and adjust the compose file to your needs.
+See the [generic deployment guide](generic.mdx) for more deployment options.
 
-### Use Traefik as Proxy
+### Building Custom Images
 
-As a container user, you probably know about Traefik. It is an easy-to-use
-reverse proxy for making containerized apps and services available through the
-web. With the Traefik-related docker-compose files provided above, it is equally easy
-to deploy and use Continuwuity, with a small caveat. If you have already looked at
-the files, you should have seen the `well-known` service, which is the
-small caveat. Traefik is simply a proxy and load balancer and cannot
-serve any kind of content. For Continuwuity to federate, we need to either
-expose ports `443` and `8448` or serve two endpoints: `.well-known/matrix/client`
-and `.well-known/matrix/server`.
-
-With the service `well-known`, we use a single `nginx` container that serves
-those two files.
-
-Alternatively, you can use Continuwuity's built-in delegation file capability. Set up the delegation files in the configuration file, and then proxy paths under `/.well-known/matrix` to continuwuity. For example, the label ``traefik.http.routers.continuwuity.rule=(Host(`matrix.ellis.link`) || (Host(`ellis.link`) && PathPrefix(`/.well-known/matrix`)))`` does this for the domain `ellis.link`.
+For information on building your own Continuwuity Docker images, see the
+[Building Docker Images](../development/index.mdx#building-docker-images)
+section in the development documentation.
 
 ## Voice communication
 

docs/deploying/freebsd.mdx

@@ -3,3 +3,5 @@ # Continuwuity for FreeBSD
 Continuwuity currently does not provide FreeBSD builds or FreeBSD packaging. However, Continuwuity does build and work on FreeBSD using the system-provided RocksDB.
 
 Contributions to get Continuwuity packaged for FreeBSD are welcome.
+
+Please join our [Continuwuity BSD](https://matrix.to/#/%23bsd:continuwuity.org) community room.

docs/deploying/kubernetes.mdx

@@ -1,7 +1,109 @@
 # Continuwuity for Kubernetes
 
 Continuwuity doesn't support horizontal scalability or distributed loading
-natively. However, [a community-maintained Helm Chart is available here to run
+natively. However, a deployment in Kubernetes is very similar to the docker
+setup. This is because Continuwuity can be fully configured using environment
+variables. A sample StatefulSet is shared below. The only thing missing is
+a PVC definition (named `continuwuity-data`) for the volume mounted to
+the StatefulSet, an Ingress resources to point your webserver to the
+Continuwuity Pods, and a Service resource (targeting `app.kubernetes.io/name: continuwuity`)
+to glue the Ingress and Pod together.
+
+Carefully go through the `env` section and add, change, and remove any env vars you like using the [Configuration reference](https://continuwuity.org/reference/config.html)
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: StatefulSet
+metadata:
+  name: continuwuity
+  namespace: matrix
+  labels:
+    app.kubernetes.io/name: continuwuity
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  serviceName: continuwuity
+  podManagementPolicy: Parallel
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app.kubernetes.io/name: continuwuity
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app.kubernetes.io/name: continuwuity
+    spec:
+      securityContext:
+        sysctls:
+          - name: net.ipv4.ip_unprivileged_port_start
+            value: "0"
+      containers:
+        - name: continuwuity
+          # use a sha hash <3
+          image: forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity:latest
+          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+          ports:
+            - name: http
+              containerPort: 80
+          volumeMounts:
+            - mountPath: /data
+              name: data
+              subPath: data
+          securityContext:
+            capabilities:
+              add:
+                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
+          env:
+            - name: TOKIO_WORKER_THREADS
+              value: "2"
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_SERVER_NAME
+              value: "example.com"
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_DATABASE_PATH
+              value: "/data/db"
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_DATABASE_BACKEND
+              value: "rocksdb"
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_PORT
+              value: "80"
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_MAX_REQUEST_SIZE
+              value: "20000000"
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_FEDERATION
+              value: "true"
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_TRUSTED_SERVERS
+              value: '["matrix.org"]'
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_ADDRESS
+              value: "0.0.0.0"
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_ROCKSDB_PARALLELISM_THREADS
+              value: "1"
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_WELL_KNOWN__SERVER
+              value: "matrix.example.com:443"
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_WELL_KNOWN__CLIENT
+              value: "https://matrix.example.com"
+            - name: CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_REGISTRATION
+              value: "false"
+            - name: RUST_LOG
+              value: info
+          readinessProbe:
+            httpGet:
+              path: /_matrix/federation/v1/version
+              port: http
+            periodSeconds: 4
+            failureThreshold: 5
+          resources:
+            # Continuwuity might use quite some RAM :3
+            requests:
+              cpu: "2"
+              memory: "512Mi"
+            limits:
+              cpu: "4"
+              memory: "2048Mi"
+      volumes:
+        - name: data
+          persistentVolumeClaim:
+            claimName: continuwuity-data
+```
+
+---
+
+Apart from manually configuring the containers,
+[a community-maintained Helm Chart is available here to run
 conduwuit on Kubernetes](https://gitlab.cronce.io/charts/conduwuit)
 
 This should be compatible with Continuwuity, but you will need to change the image reference.

docs/development/index.mdx

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ # Development
 
 Information about developing the project. If you are only interested in using
 it, you can safely ignore this page. If you plan on contributing, see the
-[contributor's guide](./contributing.mdx) and [code style guide](./code_style.mdx).
+[contributor's guide](./contributing.mdx) and
+[code style guide](./code_style.mdx).
 
 ## Continuwuity project layout
 
@@ -12,86 +13,98 @@ ## Continuwuity project layout
 `Cargo.toml`.
 
 The crate names are generally self-explanatory:
+
 - `admin` is the admin room
 - `api` is the HTTP API, Matrix C-S and S-S endpoints, etc
-- `core` is core Continuwuity functionality like config loading, error definitions,
-global utilities, logging infrastructure, etc
-- `database` is RocksDB methods, helpers, RocksDB config, and general database definitions,
-utilities, or functions
-- `macros` are Continuwuity Rust [macros][macros] like general helper macros, logging
-and error handling macros, and [syn][syn] and [procedural macros][proc-macro]
-used for admin room commands and others
+- `core` is core Continuwuity functionality like config loading, error
+  definitions, global utilities, logging infrastructure, etc
+- `database` is RocksDB methods, helpers, RocksDB config, and general database
+  definitions, utilities, or functions
+- `macros` are Continuwuity Rust [macros][macros] like general helper macros,
+  logging and error handling macros, and [syn][syn] and [procedural
+  macros][proc-macro] used for admin room commands and others
 - `main` is the "primary" sub-crate. This is where the `main()` function lives,
-tokio worker and async initialisation, Sentry initialisation, [clap][clap] init,
-and signal handling. If you are adding new [Rust features][features], they *must*
-go here.
-- `router` is the webserver and request handling bits, using axum, tower, tower-http,
-hyper, etc, and the [global server state][state] to access `services`.
+  tokio worker and async initialisation, Sentry initialisation, [clap][clap]
+  init, and signal handling. If you are adding new [Rust features][features],
+  they _must_ go here.
+- `router` is the webserver and request handling bits, using axum, tower,
+  tower-http, hyper, etc, and the [global server state][state] to access
+  `services`.
 - `service` is the high-level database definitions and functions for data,
-outbound/sending code, and other business logic such as media fetching.
+  outbound/sending code, and other business logic such as media fetching.
 
-It is highly unlikely you will ever need to add a new workspace member, but
-if you truly find yourself needing to, we recommend reaching out to us in
-the Matrix room for discussions about it beforehand.
+It is highly unlikely you will ever need to add a new workspace member, but if
+you truly find yourself needing to, we recommend reaching out to us in the
+Matrix room for discussions about it beforehand.
 
 The primary inspiration for this design was apart of hot reloadable development,
-to support "Continuwuity as a library" where specific parts can simply be swapped out.
-There is evidence Conduit wanted to go this route too as `axum` is technically an
-optional feature in Conduit, and can be compiled without the binary or axum library
-for handling inbound web requests; but it was never completed or worked.
+to support "Continuwuity as a library" where specific parts can simply be
+swapped out. There is evidence Conduit wanted to go this route too as `axum` is
+technically an optional feature in Conduit, and can be compiled without the
+binary or axum library for handling inbound web requests; but it was never
+completed or worked.
 
-See the Rust documentation on [Workspaces][workspaces] for general questions
-and information on Cargo workspaces.
+See the Rust documentation on [Workspaces][workspaces] for general questions and
+information on Cargo workspaces.
 
 ## Adding compile-time [features][features]
 
-If you'd like to add a compile-time feature, you must first define it in
-the `main` workspace crate located in `src/main/Cargo.toml`. The feature must
-enable a feature in the other workspace crate(s) you intend to use it in. Then
-the said workspace crate(s) must define the feature there in its `Cargo.toml`.
+If you'd like to add a compile-time feature, you must first define it in the
+`main` workspace crate located in `src/main/Cargo.toml`. The feature must enable
+a feature in the other workspace crate(s) you intend to use it in. Then the said
+workspace crate(s) must define the feature there in its `Cargo.toml`.
 
-So, if this is adding a feature to the API such as `woof`, you define the feature
-in the `api` crate's `Cargo.toml` as `woof = []`. The feature definition in `main`'s
-`Cargo.toml` will be `woof = ["conduwuit-api/woof"]`.
+So, if this is adding a feature to the API such as `woof`, you define the
+feature in the `api` crate's `Cargo.toml` as `woof = []`. The feature definition
+in `main`'s `Cargo.toml` will be `woof = ["conduwuit-api/woof"]`.
 
-The rationale for this is due to Rust / Cargo not supporting
-["workspace level features"][9], we must make a choice of; either scattering
-features all over the workspace crates, making it difficult for anyone to add
-or remove default features; or define all the features in one central workspace
-crate that propagate down/up to the other workspace crates. It is a Cargo pitfall,
-and we'd like to see better developer UX in Rust's Workspaces.
+The rationale for this is due to Rust / Cargo not supporting ["workspace level
+features"][9], we must make a choice of; either scattering features all over the
+workspace crates, making it difficult for anyone to add or remove default
+features; or define all the features in one central workspace crate that
+propagate down/up to the other workspace crates. It is a Cargo pitfall, and we'd
+like to see better developer UX in Rust's Workspaces.
 
-Additionally, the definition of one single place makes "feature collection" in our
-Nix flake a million times easier instead of collecting and deduping them all from
-searching in all the workspace crates' `Cargo.toml`s. Though we wouldn't need to
-do this if Rust supported workspace-level features to begin with.
+Additionally, the definition of one single place makes "feature collection" in
+our Nix flake a million times easier instead of collecting and deduping them all
+from searching in all the workspace crates' `Cargo.toml`s. Though we wouldn't
+need to do this if Rust supported workspace-level features to begin with.
 
 ## List of forked dependencies
 
-During Continuwuity (and prior projects) development, we have had to fork some dependencies to support our use-cases.
-These forks exist for various reasons including features that upstream projects won't accept,
-faster-paced development, Continuwuity-specific usecases, or lack of time to upstream changes.
+During Continuwuity (and prior projects) development, we have had to fork some
+dependencies to support our use-cases. These forks exist for various reasons
+including features that upstream projects won't accept, faster-paced
+development, Continuwuity-specific usecases, or lack of time to upstream
+changes.
 
-All forked dependencies are maintained under the [continuwuation organization on Forgejo](https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation):
+All forked dependencies are maintained under the
+[continuwuation organization on Forgejo](https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation):
 
-- [ruwuma][continuwuation-ruwuma] - Fork of [ruma/ruma][ruma] with various performance improvements, more features and better client/server interop
-- [rocksdb][continuwuation-rocksdb] - Fork of [facebook/rocksdb][rocksdb] via [`@zaidoon1`][8] with liburing build fixes and GCC debug build fixes
-- [jemallocator][continuwuation-jemallocator] - Fork of [tikv/jemallocator][jemallocator] fixing musl builds, suspicious code,
-  and adding support for redzones in Valgrind
-- [rustyline-async][continuwuation-rustyline-async] - Fork of [zyansheep/rustyline-async][rustyline-async] with tab completion callback
-  and `CTRL+\` signal quit event for Continuwuity console CLI
-- [rust-rocksdb][continuwuation-rust-rocksdb] - Fork of [rust-rocksdb/rust-rocksdb][rust-rocksdb] fixing musl build issues,
-  removing unnecessary `gtest` include, and using our RocksDB and jemallocator forks
-- [tracing][continuwuation-tracing] - Fork of [tokio-rs/tracing][tracing] implementing `Clone` for `EnvFilter` to
-  support dynamically changing tracing environments
+- [ruwuma][continuwuation-ruwuma] - Fork of [ruma/ruma][ruma] with various
+  performance improvements, more features and better client/server interop
+- [rocksdb][continuwuation-rocksdb] - Fork of [facebook/rocksdb][rocksdb] via
+  [`@zaidoon1`][8] with liburing build fixes and GCC debug build fixes
+- [jemallocator][continuwuation-jemallocator] - Fork of
+  [tikv/jemallocator][jemallocator] fixing musl builds, suspicious code, and
+  adding support for redzones in Valgrind
+- [rustyline-async][continuwuation-rustyline-async] - Fork of
+  [zyansheep/rustyline-async][rustyline-async] with tab completion callback and
+  `CTRL+\` signal quit event for Continuwuity console CLI
+- [rust-rocksdb][continuwuation-rust-rocksdb] - Fork of
+  [rust-rocksdb/rust-rocksdb][rust-rocksdb] fixing musl build issues, removing
+  unnecessary `gtest` include, and using our RocksDB and jemallocator forks
+- [tracing][continuwuation-tracing] - Fork of [tokio-rs/tracing][tracing]
+  implementing `Clone` for `EnvFilter` to support dynamically changing tracing
+  environments
 
 ## Debugging with `tokio-console`
 
 [`tokio-console`][7] can be a useful tool for debugging and profiling. To make a
-`tokio-console`-enabled build of Continuwuity, enable the `tokio_console` feature,
-disable the default `release_max_log_level` feature, and set the `--cfg
-tokio_unstable` flag to enable experimental tokio APIs. A build might look like
-this:
+`tokio-console`-enabled build of Continuwuity, enable the `tokio_console`
+feature, disable the default `release_max_log_level` feature, and set the
+`--cfg tokio_unstable` flag to enable experimental tokio APIs. A build might
+look like this:
 
 ```bash
 RUSTFLAGS="--cfg tokio_unstable" cargo +nightly build \
@@ -100,34 +113,84 @@ ## Debugging with `tokio-console`
     --features=systemd,element_hacks,gzip_compression,brotli_compression,zstd_compression,tokio_console
 ```
 
-You will also need to enable the `tokio_console` config option in Continuwuity when
-starting it. This was due to tokio-console causing gradual memory leak/usage
-if left enabled.
+You will also need to enable the `tokio_console` config option in Continuwuity
+when starting it. This was due to tokio-console causing gradual memory
+leak/usage if left enabled.
 
 ## Building Docker Images
 
-To build a Docker image for Continuwuity, use the standard Docker build command:
+Official Continuwuity images are built using **Docker Buildx** and the
+Dockerfile found at [`docker/Dockerfile`][dockerfile-path].
+
+The images are compatible with Docker and other container runtimes like Podman
+or containerd.
+
+The images _do not contain a shell_. They contain only the Continuwuity binary,
+required libraries, TLS certificates, and metadata.
+
+<details>
+<summary>Click to view the Dockerfile</summary>
+
+You can also
+
+<a
+    href="<https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuation/src/branch/main/docker/Dockerfile>"
+    target="_blank"
+>
+    view the Dockerfile on Forgejo
+</a>
+.
+
+```dockerfile file="../../docker/Dockerfile"
 
-```bash
-docker build -f docker/Dockerfile .
 ```
 
-The image can be cross-compiled for different architectures.
+</details>
 
+### Building Locally
+
+To build an image locally using Docker Buildx:
+
+```bash
+# Build for the current platform and load into the local Docker daemon
+docker buildx build --load --tag continuwuity:latest -f docker/Dockerfile .
+
+# Example: Build for specific platforms and push to a registry
+# docker buildx build --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --tag registry.io/org/continuwuity:latest -f docker/Dockerfile . --push
+
+# Example: Build binary optimised for the current CPU (standard release profile)
+# docker buildx build --load \
+#   --tag continuwuity:latest \
+#   --build-arg TARGET_CPU=native \
+#   -f docker/Dockerfile .
+
+# Example: Build maxperf variant (release-max-perf profile with LTO)
+# docker buildx build --load \
+#   --tag continuwuity:latest-maxperf \
+#   --build-arg TARGET_CPU=native \
+#   --build-arg RUST_PROFILE=release-max-perf \
+#   -f docker/Dockerfile .
+```
+
+Refer to the Docker Buildx documentation for more advanced build options.
+
+[dockerfile-path]:
+    https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuation/src/branch/main/docker/Dockerfile
 [continuwuation-ruwuma]: https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/ruwuma
 [continuwuation-rocksdb]: https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/rocksdb
-[continuwuation-jemallocator]: https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/jemallocator
-[continuwuation-rustyline-async]: https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/rustyline-async
-[continuwuation-rust-rocksdb]: https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/rust-rocksdb
+[continuwuation-jemallocator]:
+    https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/jemallocator
+[continuwuation-rustyline-async]:
+    https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/rustyline-async
+[continuwuation-rust-rocksdb]:
+    https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/rust-rocksdb
 [continuwuation-tracing]: https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/tracing
-
 [ruma]: https://github.com/ruma/ruma/
 [rocksdb]: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/
 [jemallocator]: https://github.com/tikv/jemallocator/
 [rustyline-async]: https://github.com/zyansheep/rustyline-async/
 [rust-rocksdb]: https://github.com/rust-rocksdb/rust-rocksdb/
 [tracing]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/tracing/
-
 [7]: https://docs.rs/tokio-console/latest/tokio_console/
 [8]: https://github.com/zaidoon1/
 [9]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/12162

docs/introduction.mdx

@@ -51,7 +51,13 @@ ## Can I try it out?
 
 Check out the [documentation](https://continuwuity.org) for installation instructions.
 
-There are currently no open registration continuwuity instances available.
+If you want to try it out as a user, we have some partnered homeservers you can use:
+* You can head over to [https://federated.nexus](https://federated.nexus/) in your browser.
+  * Hit the `Apply to Join` button. Once your request has been accepted, you will receive an email with your username and password.
+  * Head over to [https://app.federated.nexus](https://app.federated.nexus/) and you can sign in there, or use any other matrix chat client you wish elsewhere.
+  * Your username for matrix will be in the form of `@username:federated.nexus`, however you can simply use the `username` part to log in. Your password is your password.
+
+* There's also [https://continuwuity.rocks/](https://continuwuity.rocks/). You can register a new account using Cinny via [this convenient link](https://app.cinny.in/register/continuwuity.rocks), or you can use Element or another matrix client *that supports registration*.
 
 ## What are we working on?
 

docs/reference/_meta.json

@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@
         "name": "config",
         "label": "Configuration"
     },
+    {
+        "type": "file",
+        "name": "environment-variables",
+        "label": "Environment Variables"
+    },
     {
         "type": "file",
         "name": "admin",

docs/reference/admin/media.md

@@ -36,3 +36,7 @@ ## `!admin media delete-all-from-user`
 ## `!admin media delete-all-from-server`
 
 Deletes all remote media from the specified remote server. This will always ignore errors by default
+
+## `!admin media delete-url-preview`
+
+Deletes a cached URL preview, forcing it to be re-fetched. Use --all to purge all cached URL previews

docs/reference/environment-variables.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# Environment Variables
+
+Continuwuity can be configured entirely through environment variables, making it
+ideal for containerised deployments and infrastructure-as-code scenarios.
+
+This is a convenience reference and may not be exhaustive. The
+[Configuration Reference](./config.mdx) is the primary source for all
+configuration options.
+
+## Prefix System
+
+Continuwuity supports three environment variable prefixes for backwards
+compatibility:
+
+- `CONTINUWUITY_*` (current, recommended)
+- `CONDUWUIT_*` (compatibility)
+- `CONDUIT_*` (legacy)
+
+All three prefixes work identically. Use double underscores (`__`) to represent
+nested configuration sections from the TOML config.
+
+**Examples:**
+
+```bash
+# Simple top-level config
+CONTINUWUITY_SERVER_NAME="matrix.example.com"
+CONTINUWUITY_PORT="8008"
+
+# Nested config sections use double underscores
+# This maps to [database] section in TOML
+CONTINUWUITY_DATABASE__PATH="/var/lib/continuwuity"
+
+# This maps to [tls] section in TOML
+CONTINUWUITY_TLS__CERTS="/path/to/cert.pem"
+```
+
+## Configuration File Override
+
+You can specify a custom configuration file path:
+
+- `CONTINUWUITY_CONFIG` - Path to continuwuity.toml (current)
+- `CONDUWUIT_CONFIG` - Path to config file (compatibility)
+- `CONDUIT_CONFIG` - Path to config file (legacy)
+
+## Essential Variables
+
+These are the minimum variables needed for a working deployment:
+
+| Variable                     | Description                        | Default                |
+| ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_SERVER_NAME`   | Your Matrix server's domain name   | Required               |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DATABASE_PATH` | Path to RocksDB database directory | `/var/lib/conduwuit`   |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ADDRESS`       | IP address to bind to              | `["127.0.0.1", "::1"]` |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_PORT`          | Port to listen on                  | `8008`                 |
+
+## Network Configuration
+
+| Variable                         | Description                                     | Default                |
+| -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ADDRESS`           | Bind address (use `0.0.0.0` for all interfaces) | `["127.0.0.1", "::1"]` |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_PORT`              | HTTP port                                       | `8008`                 |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_UNIX_SOCKET_PATH`  | UNIX socket path (alternative to TCP)           | -                      |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_UNIX_SOCKET_PERMS` | Socket permissions (octal)                      | `660`                  |
+
+## Database Configuration
+
+| Variable                                   | Description                 | Default              |
+| ------------------------------------------ | --------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DATABASE_PATH`               | RocksDB data directory      | `/var/lib/conduwuit` |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DATABASE_BACKUP_PATH`        | Backup directory            | -                    |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DATABASE_BACKUPS_TO_KEEP`    | Number of backups to retain | `1`                  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DB_CACHE_CAPACITY_MB`        | Database read cache (MB)    | -                    |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DB_WRITE_BUFFER_CAPACITY_MB` | Write cache (MB)            | -                    |
+
+## Cache Configuration
+
+| Variable                                 | Description              |
+| ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_CACHE_CAPACITY_MODIFIER`   | LRU cache multiplier     |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_PDU_CACHE_CAPACITY`        | PDU cache entries        |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_AUTH_CHAIN_CACHE_CAPACITY` | Auth chain cache entries |
+
+## DNS Configuration
+
+Configure DNS resolution behaviour for federation and external requests.
+
+| Variable                             | Description                  | Default  |
+| ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------- | -------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DNS_CACHE_ENTRIES`     | Max DNS cache entries        | `32768`  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DNS_MIN_TTL`           | Minimum cache TTL (seconds)  | `10800`  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DNS_MIN_TTL_NXDOMAIN`  | NXDOMAIN cache TTL (seconds) | `259200` |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DNS_ATTEMPTS`          | Retry attempts               | -        |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DNS_TIMEOUT`           | Query timeout (seconds)      | -        |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DNS_TCP_FALLBACK`      | Allow TCP fallback           | -        |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_QUERY_ALL_NAMESERVERS` | Query all nameservers        | -        |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_QUERY_OVER_TCP_ONLY`   | TCP-only queries             | -        |
+
+## Request Configuration
+
+| Variable                             | Description                   |
+| ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_MAX_REQUEST_SIZE`      | Max HTTP request size (bytes) |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_REQUEST_CONN_TIMEOUT`  | Connection timeout (seconds)  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_REQUEST_TIMEOUT`       | Overall request timeout       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_REQUEST_TOTAL_TIMEOUT` | Total timeout                 |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_REQUEST_IDLE_TIMEOUT`  | Idle timeout                  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_REQUEST_IDLE_PER_HOST` | Idle connections per host     |
+
+## Federation Configuration
+
+Control how your server federates with other Matrix servers.
+
+| Variable                                       | Description                   | Default |
+| ---------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_FEDERATION`                | Enable federation             | `true`  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_FEDERATION_LOOPBACK`             | Allow loopback federation     | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_FEDERATION_CONN_TIMEOUT`         | Connection timeout            | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_FEDERATION_TIMEOUT`              | Request timeout               | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_FEDERATION_IDLE_TIMEOUT`         | Idle timeout                  | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_FEDERATION_IDLE_PER_HOST`        | Idle connections per host     | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_TRUSTED_SERVERS`                 | JSON array of trusted servers | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_QUERY_TRUSTED_KEY_SERVERS_FIRST` | Query trusted first           | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ONLY_QUERY_TRUSTED_KEY_SERVERS`  | Only query trusted            | -       |
+
+**Example:**
+
+```bash
+# Trust matrix.org for key verification
+CONTINUWUITY_TRUSTED_SERVERS='["matrix.org"]'
+```
+
+## Registration & User Configuration
+
+Control user registration and account creation behaviour.
+
+| Variable                                   | Description           | Default |
+| ------------------------------------------ | --------------------- | ------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_REGISTRATION`          | Enable registration   | `true`  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_REGISTRATION_TOKEN`          | Token requirement     | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_SUSPEND_ON_REGISTER`         | Suspend new accounts  | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_NEW_USER_DISPLAYNAME_SUFFIX` | Display name suffix   | 🏳️‍⚧️      |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY`          | reCAPTCHA site key    | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_RECAPTCHA_PRIVATE_SITE_KEY`  | reCAPTCHA private key | -       |
+
+**Example:**
+
+```bash
+# Disable open registration
+CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_REGISTRATION="false"
+
+# Require a registration token
+CONTINUWUITY_REGISTRATION_TOKEN="your_secret_token_here"
+```
+
+## Feature Configuration
+
+| Variable                                                   | Description                | Default |
+| ---------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_ENCRYPTION`                            | Enable E2EE                | `true`  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_ROOM_CREATION`                         | Enable room creation       | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_UNSTABLE_ROOM_VERSIONS`                | Allow unstable versions    | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION`                        | Default room version       | `v11`   |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_REQUIRE_AUTH_FOR_PROFILE_REQUESTS`           | Auth for profiles          | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_PUBLIC_ROOM_DIRECTORY_OVER_FEDERATION` | Federate directory         | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_PUBLIC_ROOM_DIRECTORY_WITHOUT_AUTH`    | Unauth directory           | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_DEVICE_NAME_FEDERATION`                | Device names in federation | -       |
+
+## TLS Configuration
+
+Built-in TLS support is primarily for testing. **For production deployments,
+especially when federating on the internet, use a reverse proxy** (Traefik,
+Caddy, nginx) to handle TLS termination.
+
+| Variable                          | Description               |
+| --------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_TLS__CERTS`         | TLS certificate file path |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_TLS__KEY`           | TLS private key path      |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_TLS__DUAL_PROTOCOL` | Support TLS 1.2 + 1.3     |
+
+**Example (testing only):**
+
+```bash
+CONTINUWUITY_TLS__CERTS="/etc/letsencrypt/live/matrix.example.com/fullchain.pem"
+CONTINUWUITY_TLS__KEY="/etc/letsencrypt/live/matrix.example.com/privkey.pem"
+```
+
+## Logging Configuration
+
+Control log output format and verbosity.
+
+| Variable                       | Description        | Default |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------------ | ------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_LOG`             | Log filter level   | -       |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_LOG_COLORS`      | ANSI colours       | `true`  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_LOG_SPAN_EVENTS` | Log span events    | `none`  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_LOG_THREAD_IDS`  | Include thread IDs | -       |
+
+**Examples:**
+
+```bash
+# Set log level to info
+CONTINUWUITY_LOG="info"
+
+# Enable debug logging for specific modules
+CONTINUWUITY_LOG="warn,continuwuity::api=debug"
+
+# Disable colours for log aggregation
+CONTINUWUITY_LOG_COLORS="false"
+```
+
+## Observability Configuration
+
+| Variable                                 | Description           |
+| ---------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ALLOW_OTLP`                | Enable OpenTelemetry  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_OTLP_FILTER`               | OTLP filter level     |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_OTLP_PROTOCOL`             | Protocol (http/grpc)  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_TRACING_FLAME`             | Enable flame graphs   |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_TRACING_FLAME_FILTER`      | Flame graph filter    |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_TRACING_FLAME_OUTPUT_PATH` | Output directory      |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_SENTRY`                    | Enable Sentry         |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_SENTRY_ENDPOINT`           | Sentry DSN            |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_SENTRY_SEND_SERVER_NAME`   | Include server name   |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_SENTRY_TRACES_SAMPLE_RATE` | Sample rate (0.0-1.0) |
+
+## Admin Configuration
+
+Configure admin users and automated command execution.
+
+| Variable                                   | Description                      | Default           |
+| ------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------- | ----------------- |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ADMINS_LIST`                 | JSON array of admin user IDs     | -                 |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ADMINS_FROM_ROOM`            | Derive admins from room          | -                 |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ADMIN_ESCAPE_COMMANDS`       | Allow `\` prefix in public rooms | -                 |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ADMIN_CONSOLE_AUTOMATIC`     | Auto-activate console            | -                 |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ADMIN_EXECUTE`               | JSON array of startup commands   | -                 |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ADMIN_EXECUTE_ERRORS_IGNORE` | Ignore command errors            | -                 |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ADMIN_SIGNAL_EXECUTE`        | Commands on SIGUSR2              | -                 |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_ADMIN_ROOM_TAG`              | Admin room tag                   | `m.server_notice` |
+
+**Examples:**
+
+```bash
+# Create admin user on startup
+CONTINUWUITY_ADMIN_EXECUTE='["users create-user admin", "users make-user-admin admin"]'
+
+# Specify admin users directly
+CONTINUWUITY_ADMINS_LIST='["@alice:example.com", "@bob:example.com"]'
+```
+
+## Media & URL Preview Configuration
+
+| Variable                                             | Description        |
+| ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_URL_PREVIEW_BOUND_INTERFACE`           | Bind interface     |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_URL_PREVIEW_DOMAIN_CONTAINS_ALLOWLIST` | Domain allowlist   |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_URL_PREVIEW_DOMAIN_EXPLICIT_ALLOWLIST` | Explicit allowlist |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_URL_PREVIEW_DOMAIN_EXPLICIT_DENYLIST`  | Explicit denylist  |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_URL_PREVIEW_MAX_SPIDER_SIZE`           | Max fetch size     |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_URL_PREVIEW_TIMEOUT`                   | Fetch timeout      |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_IP_RANGE_DENYLIST`                     | IP range denylist  |
+
+## Tokio Runtime Configuration
+
+These can be set as environment variables or CLI arguments:
+
+| Variable                                  | Description                |
+| ----------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
+| `TOKIO_WORKER_THREADS`                    | Worker thread count        |
+| `TOKIO_GLOBAL_QUEUE_INTERVAL`             | Global queue interval      |
+| `TOKIO_EVENT_INTERVAL`                    | Event interval             |
+| `TOKIO_MAX_IO_EVENTS_PER_TICK`            | Max I/O events per tick    |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_RUNTIME_HISTOGRAM_INTERVAL` | Histogram bucket size (μs) |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_RUNTIME_HISTOGRAM_BUCKETS`  | Bucket count               |
+| `CONTINUWUITY_RUNTIME_WORKER_AFFINITY`    | Enable worker affinity     |
+
+## See Also
+
+- [Configuration Reference](./config.mdx) - Complete TOML configuration
+  documentation
+- [Admin Commands](./admin/) - Admin command reference

docs/troubleshooting.mdx

@@ -1,13 +1,28 @@
 # Troubleshooting Continuwuity
 
-> **Docker users ⚠️**
->
-> Docker can be difficult to use and debug. It's common for Docker
-> misconfigurations to cause issues, particularly with networking and permissions.
-> Please check that your issues are not due to problems with your Docker setup.
+:::warning{title="Docker users:"}
+Docker can be difficult to use and debug. It's common for Docker
+misconfigurations to cause issues, particularly with networking and permissions.
+Please check that your issues are not due to problems with your Docker setup.
+:::
 
 ## Continuwuity and Matrix issues
 
+### Slow joins to rooms
+
+Some slowness is to be expected if you're the first person on your homserver to join a room (which will
+always be the case for single-user homeservers). In this situation, your homeserver has to verify the signatures of
+all of the state events sent by other servers before your join. To make this process as fast as possible, make sure you have
+multiple fast, trusted servers listed in `trusted_servers` in your configuration, and ensure
+`query_trusted_key_servers_first_on_join` is set to true (the default).
+If you need suggestions for trusted servers, ask in the Continuwuity main room.
+
+However, _very_ slow joins, especially to rooms with only a few users in them or rooms created by another user
+on your homeserver, may be caused by [issue !779](https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continuwuity/issues/779),
+which is a longstanding bug with synchronizing room joins to clients. In this situation, you did succeed in joining the room, but
+the bug caused your homeserver to forget to tell your client. **To fix this, clear your client's cache.** Both Element and Cinny
+have a button to clear their cache in the "About" section of their settings.
+
 ### Lost access to admin room
 
 You can reinvite yourself to the admin room through the following methods:

nix/packages/uwulib/build.nix

@@ -77,7 +77,12 @@ rec {
     craneLib.buildDepsOnly (
       (commonAttrs commonAttrsArgs)
       // {
-        env = uwuenv.buildDepsOnlyEnv // (makeRocksDBEnv { inherit rocksdb; });
+        env = uwuenv.buildDepsOnlyEnv
+              // (makeRocksDBEnv { inherit rocksdb; })
+              // {
+                # required since we started using unstable reqwest apparently ... otherwise the all-features build will fail
+                RUSTFLAGS = "--cfg reqwest_unstable";
+              };
         inherit (features) cargoExtraArgs;
       }
 
@@ -102,7 +107,13 @@ rec {
         '';
         cargoArtifacts = deps;
         doCheck = true;
-        env = uwuenv.buildPackageEnv // rocksdbEnv;
+        env =
+          uwuenv.buildPackageEnv
+          // rocksdbEnv
+          // {
+            # required since we started using unstable reqwest apparently ... otherwise the all-features build will fail
+            RUSTFLAGS = "--cfg reqwest_unstable";
+          };
         passthru.env = uwuenv.buildPackageEnv // rocksdbEnv;
         meta.mainProgram = crateInfo.pname;
         inherit (features) cargoExtraArgs;

renovate.json

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
     "$schema": "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
     "extends": ["config:recommended", "replacements:all"],
+    "dependencyDashboard": true,
     "osvVulnerabilityAlerts": true,
     "lockFileMaintenance": {
         "enabled": true,
@@ -57,12 +58,25 @@
             "matchUpdateTypes": ["minor", "patch"],
             "groupName": "github-actions-non-major"
         },
+        {
+            "description": "Batch patch-level Node.js dependency updates",
+            "matchManagers": ["npm"],
+            "matchUpdateTypes": ["patch"],
+            "groupName": "node-patch-updates"
+        },
         {
             "description": "Pin forgejo artifact actions to prevent breaking changes",
             "matchManagers": ["github-actions"],
             "matchPackageNames": ["forgejo/upload-artifact", "forgejo/download-artifact"],
             "enabled": false
         },
+        {
+            "description": "Auto-merge crate-ci/typos minor updates",
+            "matchPackageNames": ["crate-ci/typos"],
+            "matchUpdateTypes": ["minor", "patch"],
+            "automerge": true,
+            "automergeStrategy": "fast-forward"
+        },
         {
             "description": "Auto-merge renovatebot docker image updates",
             "matchDatasources": ["docker"],

src/admin/federation/commands.rs

@@ -30,12 +30,15 @@ pub(super) async fn incoming_federation(&self) -> Result {
 			.federation_handletime
 			.read();
 
-		let mut msg = format!("Handling {} incoming pdus:\n", map.len());
+		let mut msg = format!(
+			"Handling {} incoming PDUs across {} active transactions:\n",
+			map.len(),
+			self.services.transactions.txn_active_handle_count()
+		);
 		for (r, (e, i)) in map.iter() {
 			let elapsed = i.elapsed();
 			writeln!(msg, "{} {}: {}m{}s", r, e, elapsed.as_secs() / 60, elapsed.as_secs() % 60)?;
 		}
-
 		msg
 	};
 

src/admin/media/commands.rs

@@ -388,3 +388,19 @@ pub(super) async fn get_remote_thumbnail(
 	self.write_str(&format!("```\n{result:#?}\nreceived {len} bytes for file content.\n```"))
 		.await
 }
+
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn delete_url_preview(&self, url: Option<String>, all: bool) -> Result {
+	if all {
+		self.services.media.clear_url_previews().await;
+
+		return self.write_str("Deleted all cached URL previews.").await;
+	}
+
+	let url = url.expect("clap enforces url is required unless --all");
+
+	self.services.media.remove_url_preview(&url).await?;
+
+	self.write_str(&format!("Deleted cached URL preview for: {url}"))
+		.await
+}

src/admin/media/mod.rs

@@ -108,4 +108,16 @@ pub enum MediaCommand {
 		#[arg(long, default_value("800"))]
 		height: u32,
 	},
+
+	/// Deletes a cached URL preview, forcing it to be re-fetched.
+	/// Use --all to purge all cached URL previews.
+	DeleteUrlPreview {
+		/// The URL to clear from the saved preview data
+		#[arg(required_unless_present = "all")]
+		url: Option<String>,
+
+		/// Purge all cached URL previews
+		#[arg(long, conflicts_with = "url")]
+		all: bool,
+	},
 }

src/admin/query/raw.rs

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ pub(super) async fn compact(
 	let parallelism = parallelism.unwrap_or(1);
 	let results = maps
 		.into_iter()
-		.try_stream()
+		.try_stream::<conduwuit::Error>()
 		.paralleln_and_then(runtime, parallelism, move |map| {
 			map.compact_blocking(options.clone())?;
 			Ok(map.name().to_owned())

src/admin/query/resolver.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,17 @@ pub enum ResolverCommand {
 		name: Option<String>,
 	},
 
-	/// Flush a specific server from the resolver caches or everything
+	/// Flush a given server from the resolver caches or flush them completely
+	///
+	/// * Examples:
+	///   * Flush a specific server:
+	///
+	///     `!admin query resolver flush-cache matrix.example.com`
+	///
+	///   * Flush all resolver caches completely:
+	///
+	///     `!admin query resolver flush-cache --all`
+	#[command(verbatim_doc_comment)]
 	FlushCache {
 		name: Option<OwnedServerName>,
 

src/admin/room/moderation.rs

@@ -89,13 +89,7 @@ async fn ban_room(&self, room: OwnedRoomOrAliasId) -> Result {
 			 locally, if not using get_alias_helper to fetch room ID remotely"
 		);
 
-		match self
-			.services
-			.rooms
-			.alias
-			.resolve_alias(room_alias, None)
-			.await
-		{
+		match self.services.rooms.alias.resolve_alias(room_alias).await {
 			| Ok((room_id, servers)) => {
 				debug!(
 					%room_id,
@@ -235,7 +229,7 @@ async fn ban_list_of_rooms(&self) -> Result {
 										.services
 										.rooms
 										.alias
-										.resolve_alias(room_alias, None)
+										.resolve_alias(room_alias)
 										.await
 									{
 										| Ok((room_id, servers)) => {
@@ -388,13 +382,7 @@ async fn unban_room(&self, room: OwnedRoomOrAliasId) -> Result {
 					 room ID over federation"
 				);
 
-				match self
-					.services
-					.rooms
-					.alias
-					.resolve_alias(room_alias, None)
-					.await
-				{
+				match self.services.rooms.alias.resolve_alias(room_alias).await {
 					| Ok((room_id, servers)) => {
 						debug!(
 							%room_id,

src/admin/server/commands.rs

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ pub(super) async fn list_backups(&self) -> Result {
 		.db
 		.backup_list()?
 		.try_stream()
-		.try_for_each(|result| write!(self, "{result}"))
+		.try_for_each(|result| writeln!(self, "{result}"))
 		.await
 }
 

src/api/client/account.rs

@@ -252,6 +252,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 						}
 					}
 
+					// Don't allow registration with user IDs that aren't local
+					if !services.globals.user_is_local(&user_id) {
+						return Err!(Request(InvalidUsername(
+							"Username {body_username} is not local to this server"
+						)));
+					}
+
 					user_id
 				},
 				| Err(e) => {

src/api/client/alias.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 use axum::extract::State;
-use conduwuit::{Err, Result, debug};
-use conduwuit_service::Services;
-use futures::StreamExt;
-use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
-use ruma::{
-	OwnedServerName, RoomAliasId, RoomId,
-	api::client::alias::{create_alias, delete_alias, get_alias},
-};
+use conduwuit::{Err, Result};
+use ruma::api::client::alias::{create_alias, delete_alias, get_alias};
 
 use crate::Ruma;
 
@@ -96,65 +90,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_alias_route(
 ) -> Result<get_alias::v3::Response> {
 	let room_alias = body.body.room_alias;
 
-	let Ok((room_id, servers)) = services.rooms.alias.resolve_alias(&room_alias, None).await
-	else {
+	let Ok((room_id, servers)) = services.rooms.alias.resolve_alias(&room_alias).await else {
 		return Err!(Request(NotFound("Room with alias not found.")));
 	};
 
-	let servers = room_available_servers(&services, &room_id, &room_alias, servers).await;
-	debug!(%room_alias, %room_id, "available servers: {servers:?}");
-
 	Ok(get_alias::v3::Response::new(room_id, servers))
 }
-
-async fn room_available_servers(
-	services: &Services,
-	room_id: &RoomId,
-	room_alias: &RoomAliasId,
-	pre_servers: Vec<OwnedServerName>,
-) -> Vec<OwnedServerName> {
-	// find active servers in room state cache to suggest
-	let mut servers: Vec<OwnedServerName> = services
-		.rooms
-		.state_cache
-		.room_servers(room_id)
-		.map(ToOwned::to_owned)
-		.collect()
-		.await;
-
-	// push any servers we want in the list already (e.g. responded remote alias
-	// servers, room alias server itself)
-	servers.extend(pre_servers);
-
-	servers.sort_unstable();
-	servers.dedup();
-
-	// shuffle list of servers randomly after sort and dedupe
-	servers.shuffle(&mut rand::thread_rng());
-
-	// insert our server as the very first choice if in list, else check if we can
-	// prefer the room alias server first
-	match servers
-		.iter()
-		.position(|server_name| services.globals.server_is_ours(server_name))
-	{
-		| Some(server_index) => {
-			servers.swap_remove(server_index);
-			servers.insert(0, services.globals.server_name().to_owned());
-		},
-		| _ => {
-			match servers
-				.iter()
-				.position(|server| server == room_alias.server_name())
-			{
-				| Some(alias_server_index) => {
-					servers.swap_remove(alias_server_index);
-					servers.insert(0, room_alias.server_name().into());
-				},
-				| _ => {},
-			}
-		},
-	}
-
-	servers
-}

src/api/client/media.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 	Err, Result, err,
 	utils::{self, content_disposition::make_content_disposition, math::ruma_from_usize},
 };
+use conduwuit_core::error;
 use conduwuit_service::{
 	Services,
 	media::{CACHE_CONTROL_IMMUTABLE, CORP_CROSS_ORIGIN, Dim, FileMeta, MXC_LENGTH},
@@ -144,12 +145,22 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_route(
 		server_name: &body.server_name,
 		media_id: &body.media_id,
 	};
-
 	let FileMeta {
 		content,
 		content_type,
 		content_disposition,
-	} = fetch_file(&services, &mxc, user, body.timeout_ms, None).await?;
+	} = match fetch_file(&services, &mxc, user, body.timeout_ms, None).await {
+		| Ok(meta) => meta,
+		| Err(conduwuit::Error::Io(e)) => match e.kind() {
+			| std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => return Err!(Request(NotFound("Media not found."))),
+			| std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied => {
+				error!("Permission denied when trying to read file: {e:?}");
+				return Err!(Request(Unknown("Unknown error when fetching file.")));
+			},
+			| _ => return Err!(Request(Unknown("Unknown error when fetching file."))),
+		},
+		| Err(_) => return Err!(Request(Unknown("Unknown error when fetching file."))),
+	};
 
 	Ok(get_content::v1::Response {
 		file: content.expect("entire file contents"),
@@ -185,7 +196,18 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_as_filename_route(
 		content,
 		content_type,
 		content_disposition,
-	} = fetch_file(&services, &mxc, user, body.timeout_ms, Some(&body.filename)).await?;
+	} = match fetch_file(&services, &mxc, user, body.timeout_ms, None).await {
+		| Ok(meta) => meta,
+		| Err(conduwuit::Error::Io(e)) => match e.kind() {
+			| std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => return Err!(Request(NotFound("Media not found."))),
+			| std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied => {
+				error!("Permission denied when trying to read file: {e:?}");
+				return Err!(Request(Unknown("Unknown error when fetching file.")));
+			},
+			| _ => return Err!(Request(Unknown("Unknown error when fetching file."))),
+		},
+		| Err(_) => return Err!(Request(Unknown("Unknown error when fetching file."))),
+	};
 
 	Ok(get_content_as_filename::v1::Response {
 		file: content.expect("entire file contents"),

src/api/client/membership/join.rs

@@ -198,11 +198,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn join_room_by_id_or_alias_route(
 			(servers, room_id)
 		},
 		| Err(room_alias) => {
-			let (room_id, mut servers) = services
-				.rooms
-				.alias
-				.resolve_alias(&room_alias, Some(body.via.clone()))
-				.await?;
+			let (room_id, mut servers) = services.rooms.alias.resolve_alias(&room_alias).await?;
 
 			banned_room_check(
 				&services,

src/api/client/membership/knock.rs

@@ -102,11 +102,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn knock_room_route(
 			(servers, room_id)
 		},
 		| Err(room_alias) => {
-			let (room_id, mut servers) = services
-				.rooms
-				.alias
-				.resolve_alias(&room_alias, Some(body.via.clone()))
-				.await?;
+			let (room_id, mut servers) = services.rooms.alias.resolve_alias(&room_alias).await?;
 
 			banned_room_check(
 				&services,

src/api/client/report.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 use axum_client_ip::InsecureClientIp;
 use conduwuit::{Err, Event, Result, debug_info, info, matrix::pdu::PduEvent, utils::ReadyExt};
 use conduwuit_service::Services;
-use rand::Rng;
 use ruma::{
 	EventId, OwnedEventId, OwnedRoomId, OwnedUserId, RoomId, UserId,
 	api::client::{
@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@ fn build_report(report: Report) -> RoomMessageEventContent {
 /// random delay sending a response per spec suggestion regarding
 /// enumerating for potential events existing in our server.
 async fn delay_response() {
-	let time_to_wait = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(2..5);
+	let time_to_wait = rand::random_range(2..5);
 	debug_info!(
 		"Got successful /report request, waiting {time_to_wait} seconds before sending \
 		 successful response."

src/api/client/send.rs

@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_message_event_route(
 
 	// Check if this is a new transaction id
 	if let Ok(response) = services
-		.transaction_ids
-		.existing_txnid(sender_user, sender_device, &body.txn_id)
+		.transactions
+		.get_client_txn(sender_user, sender_device, &body.txn_id)
 		.await
 	{
 		// The client might have sent a txnid of the /sendToDevice endpoint
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_message_event_route(
 		)
 		.await?;
 
-	services.transaction_ids.add_txnid(
+	services.transactions.add_client_txnid(
 		sender_user,
 		sender_device,
 		&body.txn_id,

src/api/client/state.rs

@@ -342,10 +342,10 @@ async fn allowed_to_send_state_event(
 					}
 
 					for alias in aliases {
-						let (alias_room_id, _servers) = services
+						let (alias_room_id, _) = services
 							.rooms
 							.alias
-							.resolve_alias(&alias, None)
+							.resolve_alias(&alias)
 							.await
 							.map_err(|e| {
 								err!(Request(Unknown("Failed resolving alias \"{alias}\": {e}")))

src/api/client/to_device.rs

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_event_to_device_route(
 
 	// Check if this is a new transaction id
 	if services
-		.transaction_ids
-		.existing_txnid(sender_user, sender_device, &body.txn_id)
+		.transactions
+		.get_client_txn(sender_user, sender_device, &body.txn_id)
 		.await
 		.is_ok()
 	{
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_event_to_device_route(
 
 	// Save transaction id with empty data
 	services
-		.transaction_ids
-		.add_txnid(sender_user, sender_device, &body.txn_id, &[]);
+		.transactions
+		.add_client_txnid(sender_user, sender_device, &body.txn_id, &[]);
 
 	Ok(send_event_to_device::v3::Response {})
 }

src/api/router.rs

@@ -122,23 +122,23 @@ pub fn build(router: Router<State>, server: &Server) -> Router<State> {
 		// Ruma doesn't have support for multiple paths for a single endpoint yet, and these routes
 		// share one Ruma request / response type pair with {get,send}_state_event_for_key_route
 		.route(
-			"/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/:room_id/state/:event_type",
+			"/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{room_id}/state/{event_type}",
 			get(client::get_state_events_for_empty_key_route)
 				.put(client::send_state_event_for_empty_key_route),
 		)
 		.route(
-			"/_matrix/client/v3/rooms/:room_id/state/:event_type",
+			"/_matrix/client/v3/rooms/{room_id}/state/{event_type}",
 			get(client::get_state_events_for_empty_key_route)
 				.put(client::send_state_event_for_empty_key_route),
 		)
 		// These two endpoints allow trailing slashes
 		.route(
-			"/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/:room_id/state/:event_type/",
+			"/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{room_id}/state/{event_type}/",
 			get(client::get_state_events_for_empty_key_route)
 				.put(client::send_state_event_for_empty_key_route),
 		)
 		.route(
-			"/_matrix/client/v3/rooms/:room_id/state/:event_type/",
+			"/_matrix/client/v3/rooms/{room_id}/state/{event_type}/",
 			get(client::get_state_events_for_empty_key_route)
 				.put(client::send_state_event_for_empty_key_route),
 		)
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ pub fn build(router: Router<State>, server: &Server) -> Router<State> {
 		.ruma_route(&client::get_mutual_rooms_route)
 		.ruma_route(&client::get_room_summary)
 		.route(
-			"/_matrix/client/unstable/im.nheko.summary/rooms/:room_id_or_alias/summary",
+			"/_matrix/client/unstable/im.nheko.summary/rooms/{room_id_or_alias}/summary",
 			get(client::get_room_summary_legacy)
 		)
 		.ruma_route(&client::get_suspended_status)
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ pub fn build(router: Router<State>, server: &Server) -> Router<State> {
 			.ruma_route(&server::get_server_version_route)
 			.route("/_matrix/key/v2/server", get(server::get_server_keys_route))
 			.route(
-				"/_matrix/key/v2/server/:key_id",
+				"/_matrix/key/v2/server/{key_id}",
 				get(server::get_server_keys_deprecated_route),
 			)
 			.ruma_route(&server::get_public_rooms_route)
@@ -232,9 +232,9 @@ pub fn build(router: Router<State>, server: &Server) -> Router<State> {
 			.route("/_continuwuity/local_user_count", get(client::conduwuit_local_user_count));
 	} else {
 		router = router
-			.route("/_matrix/federation/*path", any(federation_disabled))
+			.route("/_matrix/federation/{*path}", any(federation_disabled))
 			.route("/.well-known/matrix/server", any(federation_disabled))
-			.route("/_matrix/key/*path", any(federation_disabled))
+			.route("/_matrix/key/{*path}", any(federation_disabled))
 			.route("/_conduwuit/local_user_count", any(federation_disabled))
 			.route("/_continuwuity/local_user_count", any(federation_disabled));
 	}
@@ -253,27 +253,27 @@ pub fn build(router: Router<State>, server: &Server) -> Router<State> {
 				get(client::get_media_preview_legacy_legacy_route),
 			)
 			.route(
-				"/_matrix/media/v1/download/:server_name/:media_id",
+				"/_matrix/media/v1/download/{server_name}/{media_id}",
 				get(client::get_content_legacy_legacy_route),
 			)
 			.route(
-				"/_matrix/media/v1/download/:server_name/:media_id/:file_name",
+				"/_matrix/media/v1/download/{server_name}/{media_id}/{file_name}",
 				get(client::get_content_as_filename_legacy_legacy_route),
 			)
 			.route(
-				"/_matrix/media/v1/thumbnail/:server_name/:media_id",
+				"/_matrix/media/v1/thumbnail/{server_name}/{media_id}",
 				get(client::get_content_thumbnail_legacy_legacy_route),
 			);
 	} else {
 		router = router
-			.route("/_matrix/media/v1/*path", any(legacy_media_disabled))
+			.route("/_matrix/media/v1/{*path}", any(legacy_media_disabled))
 			.route("/_matrix/media/v3/config", any(legacy_media_disabled))
-			.route("/_matrix/media/v3/download/*path", any(legacy_media_disabled))
-			.route("/_matrix/media/v3/thumbnail/*path", any(legacy_media_disabled))
+			.route("/_matrix/media/v3/download/{*path}", any(legacy_media_disabled))
+			.route("/_matrix/media/v3/thumbnail/{*path}", any(legacy_media_disabled))
 			.route("/_matrix/media/v3/preview_url", any(redirect_legacy_preview))
 			.route("/_matrix/media/r0/config", any(legacy_media_disabled))
-			.route("/_matrix/media/r0/download/*path", any(legacy_media_disabled))
-			.route("/_matrix/media/r0/thumbnail/*path", any(legacy_media_disabled))
+			.route("/_matrix/media/r0/download/{*path}", any(legacy_media_disabled))
+			.route("/_matrix/media/r0/thumbnail/{*path}", any(legacy_media_disabled))
 			.route("/_matrix/media/r0/preview_url", any(redirect_legacy_preview));
 	}
 

src/api/router/args.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::{mem, ops::Deref};
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use axum::{body::Body, extract::FromRequest};
 use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
 use conduwuit::{Error, Result, debug, debug_warn, err, trace, utils::string::EMPTY};
@@ -79,7 +78,6 @@ impl<T> Deref for Args<T>
 	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.body }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl<T> FromRequest<State, Body> for Args<T>
 where
 	T: IncomingRequest + Send + Sync + 'static,

src/api/router/auth.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 	pin_mut,
 };
 use ruma::{
-	CanonicalJsonObject, CanonicalJsonValue, OwnedDeviceId, OwnedServerName, OwnedUserId, UserId,
+	CanonicalJsonObject, CanonicalJsonValue, DeviceId, OwnedDeviceId, OwnedServerName,
+	OwnedUserId, UserId,
 	api::{
 		AuthScheme, IncomingRequest, Metadata,
 		client::{
@@ -54,7 +55,8 @@ pub(super) async fn auth(
 	json_body: Option<&CanonicalJsonValue>,
 	metadata: &Metadata,
 ) -> Result<Auth> {
-	let bearer: Option<TypedHeader<Authorization<Bearer>>> = request.parts.extract().await?;
+	let bearer: Option<TypedHeader<Authorization<Bearer>>> =
+		request.parts.extract().await.unwrap_or(None);
 	let token = match &bearer {
 		| Some(TypedHeader(Authorization(bearer))) => Some(bearer.token()),
 		| None => request.query.access_token.as_deref(),
@@ -233,10 +235,33 @@ async fn auth_appservice(
 		return Err!(Request(Exclusive("User is not in namespace.")));
 	}
 
+	// MSC3202/MSC4190: Handle device_id masquerading for appservices.
+	// The device_id can be provided via `device_id` or
+	// `org.matrix.msc3202.device_id` query parameter.
+	let sender_device = if let Some(ref device_id_str) = request.query.device_id {
+		let device_id: &DeviceId = device_id_str.as_str().into();
+
+		// Verify the device exists for this user
+		if services
+			.users
+			.get_device_metadata(&user_id, device_id)
+			.await
+			.is_err()
+		{
+			return Err!(Request(Forbidden(
+				"Device does not exist for user or appservice cannot masquerade as this device."
+			)));
+		}
+
+		Some(device_id.to_owned())
+	} else {
+		None
+	};
+
 	Ok(Auth {
 		origin: None,
 		sender_user: Some(user_id),
-		sender_device: None,
+		sender_device,
 		appservice_info: Some(*info),
 	})
 }

src/api/router/request.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@
 pub(super) struct QueryParams {
 	pub(super) access_token: Option<String>,
 	pub(super) user_id: Option<String>,
+	/// Device ID for appservice device masquerading (MSC3202/MSC4190).
+	/// Can be provided as `device_id` or `org.matrix.msc3202.device_id`.
+	#[serde(alias = "org.matrix.msc3202.device_id")]
+	pub(super) device_id: Option<String>,
 }
 
 pub(super) struct Request {

src/api/server/query.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_room_information_route(
 	servers.sort_unstable();
 	servers.dedup();
 
-	servers.shuffle(&mut rand::thread_rng());
+	servers.shuffle(&mut rand::rng());
 
 	// insert our server as the very first choice if in list
 	if let Some(server_index) = servers

src/api/server/send.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,33 @@
-use std::{collections::BTreeMap, net::IpAddr, time::Instant};
+use std::{
+	collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet},
+	net::IpAddr,
+	time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
 
 use axum::extract::State;
 use axum_client_ip::InsecureClientIp;
 use conduwuit::{
 	Err, Error, Result, debug, debug_warn, err, error,
 	result::LogErr,
+	state_res::lexicographical_topological_sort,
 	trace,
 	utils::{
 		IterStream, ReadyExt, millis_since_unix_epoch,
 		stream::{BroadbandExt, TryBroadbandExt, automatic_width},
 	},
-	warn,
 };
 use conduwuit_service::{
 	Services,
 	sending::{EDU_LIMIT, PDU_LIMIT},
 };
 use futures::{FutureExt, Stream, StreamExt, TryFutureExt, TryStreamExt};
+use http::StatusCode;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use ruma::{
-	CanonicalJsonObject, OwnedEventId, OwnedRoomId, OwnedUserId, RoomId, ServerName, UserId,
+	CanonicalJsonObject, MilliSecondsSinceUnixEpoch, OwnedEventId, OwnedRoomId, OwnedUserId,
+	RoomId, ServerName, UserId,
 	api::{
-		client::error::ErrorKind,
+		client::error::{ErrorKind, ErrorKind::LimitExceeded},
 		federation::transactions::{
 			edu::{
 				DeviceListUpdateContent, DirectDeviceContent, Edu, PresenceContent,
@@ -32,9 +38,16 @@
 		},
 	},
 	events::receipt::{ReceiptEvent, ReceiptEventContent, ReceiptType},
+	int,
 	serde::Raw,
 	to_device::DeviceIdOrAllDevices,
+	uint,
 };
+use service::transactions::{
+	FederationTxnState, TransactionError, TxnKey, WrappedTransactionResponse,
+};
+use tokio::sync::watch::{Receiver, Sender};
+use tracing::instrument;
 
 use crate::Ruma;
 
@@ -44,15 +57,6 @@
 /// # `PUT /_matrix/federation/v1/send/{txnId}`
 ///
 /// Push EDUs and PDUs to this server.
-#[tracing::instrument(
-	name = "txn",
-	level = "debug",
-	skip_all,
-	fields(
-		%client,
-		origin = body.origin().as_str()
-	),
-)]
 pub(crate) async fn send_transaction_message_route(
 	State(services): State<crate::State>,
 	InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
@@ -76,16 +80,73 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_transaction_message_route(
 		)));
 	}
 
-	let txn_start_time = Instant::now();
-	trace!(
-		pdus = body.pdus.len(),
-		edus = body.edus.len(),
-		elapsed = ?txn_start_time.elapsed(),
-		id = %body.transaction_id,
-		origin = %body.origin(),
-		"Starting txn",
-	);
+	let txn_key = (body.origin().to_owned(), body.transaction_id.clone());
 
+	// Atomically check cache, join active, or start new transaction
+	match services
+		.transactions
+		.get_or_start_federation_txn(txn_key.clone())?
+	{
+		| FederationTxnState::Cached(response) => {
+			// Already responded
+			Ok(response)
+		},
+		| FederationTxnState::Active(receiver) => {
+			// Another thread is processing
+			wait_for_result(receiver).await
+		},
+		| FederationTxnState::Started { receiver, sender } => {
+			// We're the first, spawn the processing task
+			services
+				.server
+				.runtime()
+				.spawn(process_inbound_transaction(services, body, client, txn_key, sender));
+			// and wait for it
+			wait_for_result(receiver).await
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+async fn wait_for_result(
+	mut recv: Receiver<WrappedTransactionResponse>,
+) -> Result<send_transaction_message::v1::Response> {
+	if tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(50), recv.changed())
+		.await
+		.is_err()
+	{
+		// Took too long, return 429 to encourage the sender to try again
+		return Err(Error::BadRequest(
+			LimitExceeded { retry_after: None },
+			"Transaction is being still being processed. Please try again later.",
+		));
+	}
+	let value = recv.borrow_and_update();
+	match value.clone() {
+		| Some(Ok(response)) => Ok(response),
+		| Some(Err(err)) => Err(transaction_error_to_response(&err)),
+		| None => Err(Error::Request(
+			ErrorKind::Unknown,
+			"Transaction processing failed unexpectedly".into(),
+			StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+		)),
+	}
+}
+
+#[instrument(
+	skip_all,
+	fields(
+		id = ?body.transaction_id.as_str(),
+		origin = ?body.origin()
+	)
+)]
+async fn process_inbound_transaction(
+	services: crate::State,
+	body: Ruma<send_transaction_message::v1::Request>,
+	client: IpAddr,
+	txn_key: TxnKey,
+	sender: Sender<WrappedTransactionResponse>,
+) {
+	let txn_start_time = Instant::now();
 	let pdus = body
 		.pdus
 		.iter()
@@ -102,40 +163,79 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_transaction_message_route(
 		.filter_map(Result::ok)
 		.stream();
 
-	let results = handle(&services, &client, body.origin(), txn_start_time, pdus, edus).await?;
+	debug!(pdus = body.pdus.len(), edus = body.edus.len(), "Processing transaction",);
+	let results = match handle(&services, &client, body.origin(), pdus, edus).await {
+		| Ok(results) => results,
+		| Err(err) => {
+			fail_federation_txn(services, &txn_key, &sender, err);
+			return;
+		},
+	};
+
+	for (id, result) in &results {
+		if let Err(e) = result {
+			if matches!(e, Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, _)) {
+				debug_warn!("Incoming PDU failed {id}: {e:?}");
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	debug!(
 		pdus = body.pdus.len(),
 		edus = body.edus.len(),
 		elapsed = ?txn_start_time.elapsed(),
-		id = %body.transaction_id,
-		origin = %body.origin(),
-		"Finished txn",
+		"Finished processing transaction"
 	);
-	for (id, result) in &results {
-		if let Err(e) = result {
-			if matches!(e, Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, _)) {
-				warn!("Incoming PDU failed {id}: {e:?}");
-			}
-		}
-	}
 
-	Ok(send_transaction_message::v1::Response {
+	let response = send_transaction_message::v1::Response {
 		pdus: results
 			.into_iter()
 			.map(|(e, r)| (e, r.map_err(error::sanitized_message)))
 			.collect(),
-	})
+	};
+
+	services
+		.transactions
+		.finish_federation_txn(txn_key, sender, response);
 }
 
+/// Handles a failed federation transaction by sending the error through
+/// the channel and cleaning up the transaction state. This allows waiters to
+/// receive an appropriate error response.
+fn fail_federation_txn(
+	services: crate::State,
+	txn_key: &TxnKey,
+	sender: &Sender<WrappedTransactionResponse>,
+	err: TransactionError,
+) {
+	debug!("Transaction failed: {err}");
+
+	// Remove from active state so the transaction can be retried
+	services.transactions.remove_federation_txn(txn_key);
+
+	// Send the error to any waiters
+	if let Err(e) = sender.send(Some(Err(err))) {
+		debug_warn!("Failed to send transaction error to receivers: {e}");
+	}
+}
+
+/// Converts a TransactionError into an appropriate HTTP error response.
+fn transaction_error_to_response(err: &TransactionError) -> Error {
+	match err {
+		| TransactionError::ShuttingDown => Error::Request(
+			ErrorKind::Unknown,
+			"Server is shutting down, please retry later".into(),
+			StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+		),
+	}
+}
 async fn handle(
 	services: &Services,
 	client: &IpAddr,
 	origin: &ServerName,
-	started: Instant,
 	pdus: impl Stream<Item = Pdu> + Send,
 	edus: impl Stream<Item = Edu> + Send,
-) -> Result<ResolvedMap> {
+) -> std::result::Result<ResolvedMap, TransactionError> {
 	// group pdus by room
 	let pdus = pdus
 		.collect()
@@ -152,7 +252,7 @@ async fn handle(
 		.into_iter()
 		.try_stream()
 		.broad_and_then(|(room_id, pdus): (_, Vec<_>)| {
-			handle_room(services, client, origin, started, room_id, pdus.into_iter())
+			handle_room(services, client, origin, room_id, pdus.into_iter())
 				.map_ok(Vec::into_iter)
 				.map_ok(IterStream::try_stream)
 		})
@@ -169,14 +269,51 @@ async fn handle(
 	Ok(results)
 }
 
+/// Attempts to build a localised directed acyclic graph out of the given PDUs,
+/// returning them in a topologically sorted order.
+///
+/// This is used to attempt to process PDUs in an order that respects their
+/// dependencies, however it is ultimately the sender's responsibility to send
+/// them in a processable order, so this is just a best effort attempt. It does
+/// not account for power levels or other tie breaks.
+async fn build_local_dag(
+	pdu_map: &HashMap<OwnedEventId, CanonicalJsonObject>,
+) -> Result<Vec<OwnedEventId>> {
+	debug_assert!(pdu_map.len() >= 2, "needless call to build_local_dag with less than 2 PDUs");
+	let mut dag: HashMap<OwnedEventId, HashSet<OwnedEventId>> = HashMap::new();
+
+	for (event_id, value) in pdu_map {
+		let prev_events = value
+			.get("prev_events")
+			.expect("pdu must have prev_events")
+			.as_array()
+			.expect("prev_events must be an array")
+			.iter()
+			.map(|v| {
+				OwnedEventId::parse(v.as_str().expect("prev_events values must be strings"))
+					.expect("prev_events must be valid event IDs")
+			})
+			.collect::<HashSet<OwnedEventId>>();
+
+		dag.insert(event_id.clone(), prev_events);
+	}
+	lexicographical_topological_sort(&dag, &|_| async {
+		// Note: we don't bother fetching power levels because that would massively slow
+		// this function down. This is a best-effort attempt to order events correctly
+		// for processing, however ultimately that should be the sender's job.
+		Ok((int!(0), MilliSecondsSinceUnixEpoch(uint!(0))))
+	})
+	.await
+	.map_err(|e| err!("failed to resolve local graph: {e}"))
+}
+
 async fn handle_room(
 	services: &Services,
 	_client: &IpAddr,
 	origin: &ServerName,
-	txn_start_time: Instant,
 	room_id: OwnedRoomId,
 	pdus: impl Iterator<Item = Pdu> + Send,
-) -> Result<Vec<(OwnedEventId, Result)>> {
+) -> std::result::Result<Vec<(OwnedEventId, Result)>, TransactionError> {
 	let _room_lock = services
 		.rooms
 		.event_handler
@@ -185,27 +322,40 @@ async fn handle_room(
 		.await;
 
 	let room_id = &room_id;
-	pdus.try_stream()
-		.and_then(|(_, event_id, value)| async move {
-			services.server.check_running()?;
-			let pdu_start_time = Instant::now();
-			let result = services
-				.rooms
-				.event_handler
-				.handle_incoming_pdu(origin, room_id, &event_id, value, true)
-				.await
-				.map(|_| ());
-
-			debug!(
-				pdu_elapsed = ?pdu_start_time.elapsed(),
-				txn_elapsed = ?txn_start_time.elapsed(),
-				"Finished PDU {event_id}",
-			);
-
-			Ok((event_id, result))
+	let pdu_map: HashMap<OwnedEventId, CanonicalJsonObject> = pdus
+		.into_iter()
+		.map(|(_, event_id, value)| (event_id, value))
+		.collect();
+	// Try to sort PDUs by their dependencies, but fall back to arbitrary order on
+	// failure (e.g., cycles). This is best-effort; proper ordering is the sender's
+	// responsibility.
+	let sorted_event_ids = if pdu_map.len() >= 2 {
+		build_local_dag(&pdu_map).await.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+			debug_warn!("Failed to build local DAG for room {room_id}: {e}");
+			pdu_map.keys().cloned().collect()
 		})
-		.try_collect()
-		.await
+	} else {
+		pdu_map.keys().cloned().collect()
+	};
+	let mut results = Vec::with_capacity(sorted_event_ids.len());
+	for event_id in sorted_event_ids {
+		let value = pdu_map
+			.get(&event_id)
+			.expect("sorted event IDs must be from the original map")
+			.clone();
+		services
+			.server
+			.check_running()
+			.map_err(|_| TransactionError::ShuttingDown)?;
+		let result = services
+			.rooms
+			.event_handler
+			.handle_incoming_pdu(origin, room_id, &event_id, value, true)
+			.await
+			.map(|_| ());
+		results.push((event_id, result));
+	}
+	Ok(results)
 }
 
 async fn handle_edu(services: &Services, client: &IpAddr, origin: &ServerName, edu: Edu) {
@@ -478,8 +628,8 @@ async fn handle_edu_direct_to_device(
 
 	// Check if this is a new transaction id
 	if services
-		.transaction_ids
-		.existing_txnid(sender, None, message_id)
+		.transactions
+		.get_client_txn(sender, None, message_id)
 		.await
 		.is_ok()
 	{
@@ -498,8 +648,8 @@ async fn handle_edu_direct_to_device(
 
 	// Save transaction id with empty data
 	services
-		.transaction_ids
-		.add_txnid(sender, None, message_id, &[]);
+		.transactions
+		.add_client_txnid(sender, None, message_id, &[]);
 }
 
 async fn handle_edu_direct_to_device_user<Event: Send + Sync>(

src/core/Cargo.toml

@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ libloading.optional = true
 log.workspace = true
 num-traits.workspace = true
 rand.workspace = true
+rand_core = { version = "0.6.4", features = ["getrandom"] }
 regex.workspace = true
 reqwest.workspace = true
 ring.workspace = true

src/core/config/mod.rs

@@ -368,6 +368,31 @@ pub struct Config {
 	#[serde(default = "default_max_fetch_prev_events")]
 	pub max_fetch_prev_events: u16,
 
+	/// How many incoming federation transactions the server is willing to be
+	/// processing at any given time before it becomes overloaded and starts
+	/// rejecting further transactions until some slots become available.
+	///
+	/// Setting this value too low or too high may result in unstable
+	/// federation, and setting it too high may cause runaway resource usage.
+	///
+	/// default: 150
+	#[serde(default = "default_max_concurrent_inbound_transactions")]
+	pub max_concurrent_inbound_transactions: usize,
+
+	/// Maximum age (in seconds) for cached federation transaction responses.
+	/// Entries older than this will be removed during cleanup.
+	///
+	/// default: 7200 (2 hours)
+	#[serde(default = "default_transaction_id_cache_max_age_secs")]
+	pub transaction_id_cache_max_age_secs: u64,
+
+	/// Maximum number of cached federation transaction responses.
+	/// When the cache exceeds this limit, older entries will be removed.
+	///
+	/// default: 8192
+	#[serde(default = "default_transaction_id_cache_max_entries")]
+	pub transaction_id_cache_max_entries: usize,
+
 	/// Default/base connection timeout (seconds). This is used only by URL
 	/// previews and update/news endpoint checks.
 	///
@@ -1244,12 +1269,6 @@ pub struct Config {
 	#[serde(default)]
 	pub rocksdb_repair: bool,
 
-	#[serde(default)]
-	pub rocksdb_read_only: bool,
-
-	#[serde(default)]
-	pub rocksdb_secondary: bool,
-
 	/// Enables idle CPU priority for compaction thread. This is not enabled by
 	/// default to prevent compaction from falling too far behind on busy
 	/// systems.
@@ -1309,26 +1328,33 @@ pub struct Config {
 
 	/// Allow local (your server only) presence updates/requests.
 	///
-	/// Note that presence on continuwuity is very fast unlike Synapse's. If
-	/// using outgoing presence, this MUST be enabled.
+	/// Local presence must be enabled for outgoing presence to function.
+	///
+	/// Note that local presence is not as heavy on the CPU as federated
+	/// presence, but will still become more expensive the more local users you
+	/// have.
 	#[serde(default = "true_fn")]
 	pub allow_local_presence: bool,
 
-	/// Allow incoming federated presence updates/requests.
+	/// Allow incoming federated presence updates.
 	///
-	/// This option receives presence updates from other servers, but does not
-	/// send any unless `allow_outgoing_presence` is true. Note that presence on
-	/// continuwuity is very fast unlike Synapse's.
+	/// This option enables processing inbound presence updates from other
+	/// servers. Without it, remote users will appear as if they are always
+	/// offline to your local users. This does not affect typing indicators or
+	/// read receipts.
 	#[serde(default = "true_fn")]
 	pub allow_incoming_presence: bool,
 
 	/// Allow outgoing presence updates/requests.
 	///
-	/// This option sends presence updates to other servers, but does not
-	/// receive any unless `allow_incoming_presence` is true. Note that presence
-	/// on continuwuity is very fast unlike Synapse's. If using outgoing
-	/// presence, you MUST enable `allow_local_presence` as well.
-	#[serde(default = "true_fn")]
+	/// This option sends presence updates to other servers, and requires that
+	/// `allow_local_presence` is also enabled.
+	///
+	/// Note that outgoing presence is very heavy on the CPU and network, and
+	/// will typically cause extreme strain and slowdowns for no real benefit.
+	/// There are only a few clients that even implement presence, so you
+	/// probably don't want to enable this.
+	#[serde(default)]
 	pub allow_outgoing_presence: bool,
 
 	/// How many seconds without presence updates before you become idle.
@@ -1366,6 +1392,10 @@ pub struct Config {
 	pub allow_incoming_read_receipts: bool,
 
 	/// Allow sending read receipts to remote servers.
+	///
+	/// Note that sending read receipts to remote servers in large rooms with
+	/// lots of other homeservers may cause additional strain on the CPU and
+	/// network.
 	#[serde(default = "true_fn")]
 	pub allow_outgoing_read_receipts: bool,
 
@@ -1377,6 +1407,10 @@ pub struct Config {
 	pub allow_local_typing: bool,
 
 	/// Allow outgoing typing updates to federation.
+	///
+	/// Note that sending typing indicators to remote servers in large rooms
+	/// with lots of other homeservers may cause additional strain on the CPU
+	/// and network.
 	#[serde(default = "true_fn")]
 	pub allow_outgoing_typing: bool,
 
@@ -1516,7 +1550,7 @@ pub struct Config {
 	/// sender user's server name, inbound federation X-Matrix origin, and
 	/// outbound federation handler.
 	///
-	/// You can set this to ["*"] to block all servers by default, and then
+	/// You can set this to [".*"] to block all servers by default, and then
 	/// use `allowed_remote_server_names` to allow only specific servers.
 	///
 	/// example: ["badserver\\.tld$", "badphrase", "19dollarfortnitecards"]
@@ -2531,6 +2565,12 @@ fn default_pusher_idle_timeout() -> u64 { 15 }
 
 fn default_max_fetch_prev_events() -> u16 { 192_u16 }
 
+fn default_max_concurrent_inbound_transactions() -> usize { 150 }
+
+fn default_transaction_id_cache_max_age_secs() -> u64 { 60 * 60 * 2 }
+
+fn default_transaction_id_cache_max_entries() -> usize { 8192 }
+
 fn default_tracing_flame_filter() -> String {
 	cfg!(debug_assertions)
 		.then_some("trace,h2=off")

src/core/info/version.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 static VERSION: OnceLock<String> = OnceLock::new();
 static VERSION_UA: OnceLock<String> = OnceLock::new();
 static USER_AGENT: OnceLock<String> = OnceLock::new();
+static USER_AGENT_MEDIA: OnceLock<String> = OnceLock::new();
 
 #[inline]
 #[must_use]
@@ -21,14 +22,22 @@ pub fn name() -> &'static str { BRANDING }
 
 #[inline]
 pub fn version() -> &'static str { VERSION.get_or_init(init_version) }
+
 #[inline]
 pub fn version_ua() -> &'static str { VERSION_UA.get_or_init(init_version_ua) }
 
 #[inline]
 pub fn user_agent() -> &'static str { USER_AGENT.get_or_init(init_user_agent) }
 
+#[inline]
+pub fn user_agent_media() -> &'static str { USER_AGENT_MEDIA.get_or_init(init_user_agent_media) }
+
 fn init_user_agent() -> String { format!("{}/{} (bot; +{WEBSITE})", name(), version_ua()) }
 
+fn init_user_agent_media() -> String {
+	format!("{}/{} (embedbot; facebookexternalhit/1.1; +{WEBSITE})", name(), version_ua())
+}
+
 fn init_version_ua() -> String {
 	conduwuit_build_metadata::version_tag()
 		.map_or_else(|| SEMANTIC.to_owned(), |extra| format!("{SEMANTIC}+{extra}"))

src/core/matrix/state_res/mod.rs

@@ -1046,7 +1046,7 @@ async fn test_event_sort() {
 		// don't remove any events so we know it sorts them all correctly
 		let mut events_to_sort = events.keys().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-		events_to_sort.shuffle(&mut rand::thread_rng());
+		events_to_sort.shuffle(&mut rand::rng());
 
 		let power_level = resolved_power
 			.get(&(StateEventType::RoomPowerLevels, "".into()))

src/core/utils/hash/argon.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ fn init_argon() -> Argon2<'static> {
 }
 
 pub(super) fn password(password: &str) -> Result<String> {
-	let salt = SaltString::generate(rand::thread_rng());
+	let salt = SaltString::generate(rand_core::OsRng);
 	ARGON
 		.get_or_init(init_argon)
 		.hash_password(password.as_bytes(), &salt)

src/core/utils/rand.rs

@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@
 };
 
 use arrayvec::ArrayString;
-use rand::{Rng, seq::SliceRandom, thread_rng};
+use rand::{RngExt, seq::SliceRandom};
 
 pub fn shuffle<T>(vec: &mut [T]) {
-	let mut rng = thread_rng();
+	let mut rng = rand::rng();
 	vec.shuffle(&mut rng);
 }
 
 pub fn string(length: usize) -> String {
-	thread_rng()
-		.sample_iter(&rand::distributions::Alphanumeric)
+	rand::rng()
+		.sample_iter(&rand::distr::Alphanumeric)
 		.take(length)
 		.map(char::from)
 		.collect()
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ pub fn string(length: usize) -> String {
 #[inline]
 pub fn string_array<const LENGTH: usize>() -> ArrayString<LENGTH> {
 	let mut ret = ArrayString::<LENGTH>::new();
-	thread_rng()
-		.sample_iter(&rand::distributions::Alphanumeric)
+	rand::rng()
+		.sample_iter(&rand::distr::Alphanumeric)
 		.take(LENGTH)
 		.map(char::from)
 		.for_each(|c| ret.push(c));
@@ -40,7 +40,4 @@ pub fn time_from_now_secs(range: Range<u64>) -> SystemTime {
 }
 
 #[must_use]
-pub fn secs(range: Range<u64>) -> Duration {
-	let mut rng = thread_rng();
-	Duration::from_secs(rng.gen_range(range))
-}
+pub fn secs(range: Range<u64>) -> Duration { Duration::from_secs(rand::random_range(range)) }

src/core/utils/stream/iter_stream.rs

@@ -3,19 +3,17 @@
 	stream::{Stream, TryStream},
 };
 
-use crate::{Error, Result};
-
 pub trait IterStream<I: IntoIterator + Send> {
 	/// Convert an Iterator into a Stream
 	fn stream(self) -> impl Stream<Item = <I as IntoIterator>::Item> + Send;
 
-	/// Convert an Iterator into a TryStream
-	fn try_stream(
+	/// Convert an Iterator into a TryStream with a generic error type
+	fn try_stream<E>(
 		self,
 	) -> impl TryStream<
 		Ok = <I as IntoIterator>::Item,
-		Error = Error,
-		Item = Result<<I as IntoIterator>::Item, Error>,
+		Error = E,
+		Item = Result<<I as IntoIterator>::Item, E>,
 	> + Send;
 }
 
@@ -28,12 +26,12 @@ impl<I> IterStream<I> for I
 	fn stream(self) -> impl Stream<Item = <I as IntoIterator>::Item> + Send { stream::iter(self) }
 
 	#[inline]
-	fn try_stream(
+	fn try_stream<E>(
 		self,
 	) -> impl TryStream<
 		Ok = <I as IntoIterator>::Item,
-		Error = Error,
-		Item = Result<<I as IntoIterator>::Item, Error>,
+		Error = E,
+		Item = Result<<I as IntoIterator>::Item, E>,
 	> + Send {
 		self.stream().map(Ok)
 	}

src/core/utils/stream/try_broadband.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 //! Synchronous combinator extensions to futures::TryStream
 
+use std::result::Result;
+
 use futures::{TryFuture, TryStream, TryStreamExt};
 
 use super::automatic_width;
-use crate::Result;
 
 /// Concurrency extensions to augment futures::TryStreamExt. broad_ combinators
 /// produce out-of-order

src/database/engine.rs

@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ pub struct Engine {
 	pub(crate) db: Db,
 	pub(crate) pool: Arc<Pool>,
 	pub(crate) ctx: Arc<Context>,
-	pub(super) read_only: bool,
-	pub(super) secondary: bool,
 	pub(crate) checksums: bool,
 	corks: AtomicU32,
 }
@@ -129,14 +127,6 @@ pub fn current_sequence(&self) -> u64 {
 
 		sequence
 	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	#[must_use]
-	pub fn is_read_only(&self) -> bool { self.secondary || self.read_only }
-
-	#[inline]
-	#[must_use]
-	pub fn is_secondary(&self) -> bool { self.secondary }
 }
 
 impl Drop for Engine {

src/database/engine/backup.rs

@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ pub fn backup(&self) -> Result {
 	let mut engine = self.backup_engine()?;
 	let config = &self.ctx.server.config;
 	if config.database_backups_to_keep > 0 {
-		let flush = !self.is_read_only();
 		engine
-			.create_new_backup_flush(&self.db, flush)
+			.create_new_backup_flush(&self.db, true)
 			.map_err(map_err)?;
 
 		let engine_info = engine.get_backup_info();

src/database/engine/open.rs

@@ -35,14 +35,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn open(ctx: Arc<Context>, desc: &[Descriptor]) -> Result<Arc<S
 	}
 
 	debug!("Opening database...");
-	let db = if config.rocksdb_read_only {
-		Db::open_cf_descriptors_read_only(&db_opts, path, cfds, false)
-	} else if config.rocksdb_secondary {
-		Db::open_cf_descriptors_as_secondary(&db_opts, path, path, cfds)
-	} else {
-		Db::open_cf_descriptors(&db_opts, path, cfds)
-	}
-	.or_else(or_else)?;
+	let db = Db::open_cf_descriptors(&db_opts, path, cfds).or_else(or_else)?;
 
 	info!(
 		columns = num_cfds,
@@ -55,8 +48,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn open(ctx: Arc<Context>, desc: &[Descriptor]) -> Result<Arc<S
 		db,
 		pool: ctx.pool.clone(),
 		ctx: ctx.clone(),
-		read_only: config.rocksdb_read_only,
-		secondary: config.rocksdb_secondary,
 		checksums: config.rocksdb_checksums,
 		corks: AtomicU32::new(0),
 	}))

src/database/mod.rs

@@ -74,14 +74,6 @@ pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&MapsKey, &MapsVal)> + Send + '_ {
 
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn keys(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &MapsKey> + Send + '_ { self.maps.keys() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	#[must_use]
-	pub fn is_read_only(&self) -> bool { self.db.is_read_only() }
-
-	#[inline]
-	#[must_use]
-	pub fn is_secondary(&self) -> bool { self.db.is_secondary() }
 }
 
 impl Index<&str> for Database {

src/main/clap.rs

@@ -27,10 +27,6 @@ pub struct Args {
 	#[arg(long, short('O'))]
 	pub option: Vec<String>,
 
-	/// Run in a stricter read-only --maintenance mode.
-	#[arg(long)]
-	pub read_only: bool,
-
 	/// Run in maintenance mode while refusing connections.
 	#[arg(long)]
 	pub maintenance: bool,
@@ -143,11 +139,7 @@ pub(crate) fn parse() -> Args { Args::parse() }
 
 /// Synthesize any command line options with configuration file options.
 pub(crate) fn update(mut config: Figment, args: &Args) -> Result<Figment> {
-	if args.read_only {
-		config = config.join(("rocksdb_read_only", true));
-	}
-
-	if args.maintenance || args.read_only {
+	if args.maintenance {
 		config = config.join(("startup_netburst", false));
 		config = config.join(("listening", false));
 	}

src/service/announcements/mod.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use conduwuit::{Result, Server, debug, error, warn};
 use database::{Deserialized, Map};
-use rand::Rng;
 use ruma::events::{Mentions, room::message::RoomMessageEventContent};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use tokio::{
@@ -100,8 +99,7 @@ async fn worker(self: Arc<Self>) -> Result<()> {
 		}
 
 		let first_check_jitter = {
-			let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
-			let jitter_percent = rng.gen_range(-50.0..=10.0);
+			let jitter_percent = rand::random_range(-50.0..=10.0);
 			self.interval.mul_f64(1.0 + jitter_percent / 100.0)
 		};
 

src/service/client/mod.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fn build(args: crate::Args<'_>) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
 		let url_preview_user_agent = config
 			.url_preview_user_agent
 			.clone()
-			.unwrap_or_else(|| conduwuit::version::user_agent().to_owned());
+			.unwrap_or_else(|| conduwuit::version::user_agent_media().to_owned());
 
 		Ok(Arc::new(Self {
 			default: base(config)?

src/service/emergency/mod.rs

@@ -37,10 +37,6 @@ fn build(args: crate::Args<'_>) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
 	}
 
 	async fn worker(self: Arc<Self>) -> Result {
-		if self.services.globals.is_read_only() {
-			return Ok(());
-		}
-
 		if self.services.config.ldap.enable {
 			warn!("emergency password feature not available with LDAP enabled.");
 			return Ok(());

src/service/globals/mod.rs

@@ -156,7 +156,4 @@ pub fn user_is_local(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> bool {
 	pub fn server_is_ours(&self, server_name: &ServerName) -> bool {
 		server_name == self.server_name()
 	}
-
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_read_only(&self) -> bool { self.db.db.is_read_only() }
 }

src/service/media/data.rs

@@ -170,6 +170,8 @@ pub(super) fn remove_url_preview(&self, url: &str) -> Result<()> {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
+	pub(super) async fn clear_url_previews(&self) { self.url_previews.clear().await; }
+
 	pub(super) fn set_url_preview(
 		&self,
 		url: &str,

src/service/media/preview.rs

@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ pub async fn remove_url_preview(&self, url: &str) -> Result<()> {
 	self.db.remove_url_preview(url)
 }
 
+#[implement(Service)]
+pub async fn clear_url_previews(&self) { self.db.clear_url_previews().await; }
+
 #[implement(Service)]
 pub async fn set_url_preview(&self, url: &str, data: &UrlPreviewData) -> Result<()> {
 	let now = SystemTime::now()

src/service/mod.rs

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 pub mod sending;
 pub mod server_keys;
 pub mod sync;
-pub mod transaction_ids;
+pub mod transactions;
 pub mod uiaa;
 pub mod users;
 

src/service/rooms/alias/mod.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use conduwuit::{
-	Err, Event, Result, Server, err,
+	Err, Event, Result, err,
 	utils::{ReadyExt, stream::TryIgnore},
 };
 use database::{Deserialized, Ignore, Interfix, Map};
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ struct Data {
 }
 
 struct Services {
-	server: Arc<Server>,
 	admin: Dep<admin::Service>,
 	appservice: Dep<appservice::Service>,
 	globals: Dep<globals::Service>,
 	sending: Dep<sending::Service>,
 	state_accessor: Dep<rooms::state_accessor::Service>,
+	state_cache: Dep<rooms::state_cache::Service>,
 }
 
 impl crate::Service for Service {
@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ fn build(args: crate::Args<'_>) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
 				aliasid_alias: args.db["aliasid_alias"].clone(),
 			},
 			services: Services {
-				server: args.server.clone(),
 				admin: args.depend::<admin::Service>("admin"),
 				appservice: args.depend::<appservice::Service>("appservice"),
 				globals: args.depend::<globals::Service>("globals"),
 				sending: args.depend::<sending::Service>("sending"),
 				state_accessor: args
 					.depend::<rooms::state_accessor::Service>("rooms::state_accessor"),
+				state_cache: args.depend::<rooms::state_cache::Service>("rooms::state_cache"),
 			},
 		}))
 	}
@@ -117,6 +117,9 @@ pub async fn remove_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId, user_id: &UserId) -> Resul
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
+	/// Resolves the given room ID or alias, returning the resolved room ID.
+	/// Unlike resolve_with_servers (the underlying call), potential resident
+	/// servers are not returned
 	#[inline]
 	pub async fn resolve(&self, room: &RoomOrAliasId) -> Result<OwnedRoomId> {
 		self.resolve_with_servers(room, None)
@@ -124,6 +127,14 @@ pub async fn resolve(&self, room: &RoomOrAliasId) -> Result<OwnedRoomId> {
 			.map(|(room_id, _)| room_id)
 	}
 
+	/// Resolves the given room ID or alias, returning the resolved room ID, and
+	/// any servers that might be able to assist in fetching room data.
+	///
+	/// If the input is a room ID, this simply returns it and <servers>.
+	/// If the input is an alias, this attempts to resolve it locally, then via
+	/// appservices, and finally remotely if the alias is not local.
+	/// If the alias is successfully resolved, the room ID and an empty list of
+	/// servers is returned.
 	pub async fn resolve_with_servers(
 		&self,
 		room: &RoomOrAliasId,
@@ -134,28 +145,26 @@ pub async fn resolve_with_servers(
 			Ok((room_id.to_owned(), servers.unwrap_or_default()))
 		} else {
 			let alias: &RoomAliasId = room.try_into().expect("valid RoomAliasId");
-			self.resolve_alias(alias, servers).await
+			self.resolve_alias(alias).await
 		}
 	}
 
+	/// Resolves the given room alias, returning the resolved room ID and any
+	/// servers that might be in the room.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), name = "resolve")]
 	pub async fn resolve_alias(
 		&self,
 		room_alias: &RoomAliasId,
-		servers: Option<Vec<OwnedServerName>>,
 	) -> Result<(OwnedRoomId, Vec<OwnedServerName>)> {
-		let server_name = room_alias.server_name();
-		let server_is_ours = self.services.globals.server_is_ours(server_name);
-		let servers_contains_ours = || {
-			servers
-				.as_ref()
-				.is_some_and(|servers| servers.contains(&self.services.server.name))
-		};
+		let server_is_ours = self
+			.services
+			.globals
+			.server_is_ours(room_alias.server_name());
 
-		if !server_is_ours && !servers_contains_ours() {
-			return self
-				.remote_resolve(room_alias, servers.unwrap_or_default())
-				.await;
+		if !server_is_ours {
+			// TODO: The spec advises servers may cache remote room aliases temporarily.
+			// We might want to look at doing that.
+			return self.remote_resolve(room_alias).await;
 		}
 
 		let room_id = match self.resolve_local_alias(room_alias).await {
@@ -163,10 +172,18 @@ pub async fn resolve_alias(
 			| Err(_) => self.resolve_appservice_alias(room_alias).await?,
 		};
 
-		room_id.map_or_else(
-			|| Err!(Request(NotFound("Room with alias not found."))),
-			|room_id| Ok((room_id, Vec::new())),
-		)
+		if let Some(room_id) = room_id {
+			let servers: Vec<OwnedServerName> = self
+				.services
+				.state_cache
+				.room_servers(&room_id)
+				.map(ToOwned::to_owned)
+				.collect()
+				.await;
+			return Ok((room_id, servers));
+		}
+
+		Err!(Request(NotFound("Alias does not exist.")))
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
@@ -206,12 +223,12 @@ async fn user_can_remove_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId, user_id: &UserId) ->
 
 		// The creator of an alias can remove it
 		if self
-            .who_created_alias(alias).await
-            .is_ok_and(|user| user == user_id)
-            // Server admins can remove any local alias
-            || self.services.admin.user_is_admin(user_id).await
-            // Always allow the server service account to remove the alias, since there may not be an admin room
-            || server_user == user_id
+			.who_created_alias(alias).await
+			.is_ok_and(|user| user == user_id)
+			// Server admins can remove any local alias
+			|| self.services.admin.user_is_admin(user_id).await
+			// Always allow the server service account to remove the alias, since there may not be an admin room
+			|| server_user == user_id
 		{
 			return Ok(true);
 		}

src/service/rooms/alias/remote.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-use std::iter::once;
-
-use conduwuit::{Result, debug, debug_error, err, implement};
+use conduwuit::{Result, debug, error, implement};
 use federation::query::get_room_information::v1::Response;
 use ruma::{OwnedRoomId, OwnedServerName, RoomAliasId, ServerName, api::federation};
 
@@ -8,40 +6,21 @@
 pub(super) async fn remote_resolve(
 	&self,
 	room_alias: &RoomAliasId,
-	servers: Vec<OwnedServerName>,
 ) -> Result<(OwnedRoomId, Vec<OwnedServerName>)> {
-	debug!(?room_alias, servers = ?servers, "resolve");
-	let servers = once(room_alias.server_name())
-		.map(ToOwned::to_owned)
-		.chain(servers.into_iter());
-
-	let mut resolved_servers = Vec::new();
-	let mut resolved_room_id: Option<OwnedRoomId> = None;
-	for server in servers {
-		match self.remote_request(room_alias, &server).await {
-			| Err(e) => debug_error!("Failed to query for {room_alias:?} from {server}: {e}"),
-			| Ok(Response { room_id, servers }) => {
-				debug!(
-					"Server {server} answered with {room_id:?} for {room_alias:?} servers: \
-					 {servers:?}"
-				);
-
-				resolved_room_id.get_or_insert(room_id);
-				add_server(&mut resolved_servers, server);
-
-				if !servers.is_empty() {
-					add_servers(&mut resolved_servers, servers);
-					break;
-				}
-			},
-		}
+	debug!("Asking {} to resolve {room_alias:?}", room_alias.server_name());
+	match self
+		.remote_request(room_alias, room_alias.server_name())
+		.await
+	{
+		| Err(e) => {
+			error!("Unable to resolve remote room alias {}: {e}", room_alias);
+			Err(e)
+		},
+		| Ok(Response { room_id, servers }) => {
+			debug!("Remote resolved {room_alias:?} to {room_id:?} with servers {servers:?}");
+			Ok((room_id, servers))
+		},
 	}
-
-	resolved_room_id
-		.map(|room_id| (room_id, resolved_servers))
-		.ok_or_else(|| {
-			err!(Request(NotFound("No servers could assist in resolving the room alias")))
-		})
 }
 
 #[implement(super::Service)]
@@ -59,15 +38,3 @@ async fn remote_request(
 		.send_federation_request(server, request)
 		.await
 }
-
-fn add_servers(servers: &mut Vec<OwnedServerName>, new: Vec<OwnedServerName>) {
-	for server in new {
-		add_server(servers, server);
-	}
-}
-
-fn add_server(servers: &mut Vec<OwnedServerName>, server: OwnedServerName) {
-	if !servers.contains(&server) {
-		servers.push(server);
-	}
-}

src/service/rooms/auth_chain/mod.rs

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ async fn get_auth_chain_outer(
 
 	let chunk_cache: Vec<_> = chunk
 		.into_iter()
-		.try_stream()
+		.try_stream::<conduwuit::Error>()
 		.broad_and_then(|(shortid, event_id)| async move {
 			if let Ok(cached) = self.get_cached_eventid_authchain(&[shortid]).await {
 				return Ok(cached.to_vec());

src/service/rooms/timeline/backfill.rs

@@ -139,7 +139,12 @@ pub async fn backfill_if_required(&self, room_id: &RoomId, from: PduCount) -> Re
 		})
 		.boxed();
 
+	let mut federated_room = false;
+
 	while let Some(ref backfill_server) = servers.next().await {
+		if !self.services.globals.server_is_ours(backfill_server) {
+			federated_room = true;
+		}
 		info!("Asking {backfill_server} for backfill in {room_id}");
 		let response = self
 			.services
@@ -168,7 +173,9 @@ pub async fn backfill_if_required(&self, room_id: &RoomId, from: PduCount) -> Re
 		}
 	}
 
-	warn!("No servers could backfill, but backfill was needed in room {room_id}");
+	if federated_room {
+		warn!("No servers could backfill, but backfill was needed in room {room_id}");
+	}
 	Ok(())
 }
 

src/service/sending/mod.rs

@@ -385,11 +385,13 @@ fn num_senders(args: &crate::Args<'_>) -> usize {
 	const MIN_SENDERS: usize = 1;
 	// Limit the number of senders to the number of workers threads or number of
 	// cores, conservatively.
-	let max_senders = args
-		.server
-		.metrics
-		.num_workers()
-		.min(available_parallelism());
+	let mut max_senders = args.server.metrics.num_workers();
+
+	// Work around some platforms not returning the number of cores.
+	let num_cores = available_parallelism();
+	if num_cores > 0 {
+		max_senders = max_senders.min(num_cores);
+	}
 
 	// If the user doesn't override the default 0, this is intended to then default
 	// to 1 for now as multiple senders is experimental.

src/service/services.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 	media, moderation, presence, pusher, registration_tokens, resolver, rooms, sending,
 	server_keys,
 	service::{self, Args, Map, Service},
-	sync, transaction_ids, uiaa, users,
+	sync, transactions, uiaa, users,
 };
 
 pub struct Services {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub struct Services {
 	pub sending: Arc<sending::Service>,
 	pub server_keys: Arc<server_keys::Service>,
 	pub sync: Arc<sync::Service>,
-	pub transaction_ids: Arc<transaction_ids::Service>,
+	pub transactions: Arc<transactions::Service>,
 	pub uiaa: Arc<uiaa::Service>,
 	pub users: Arc<users::Service>,
 	pub moderation: Arc<moderation::Service>,
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ macro_rules! build {
 			sending: build!(sending::Service),
 			server_keys: build!(server_keys::Service),
 			sync: build!(sync::Service),
-			transaction_ids: build!(transaction_ids::Service),
+			transactions: build!(transactions::Service),
 			uiaa: build!(uiaa::Service),
 			users: build!(users::Service),
 			moderation: build!(moderation::Service),
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ pub async fn start(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
 
 		// reset dormant online/away statuses to offline, and set the server user as
 		// online
-		if self.server.config.allow_local_presence && !self.db.is_read_only() {
+		if self.server.config.allow_local_presence {
 			self.presence.unset_all_presence().await;
 			_ = self
 				.presence
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ pub async fn stop(&self) {
 		info!("Shutting down services...");
 
 		// set the server user as offline
-		if self.server.config.allow_local_presence && !self.db.is_read_only() {
+		if self.server.config.allow_local_presence {
 			_ = self
 				.presence
 				.ping_presence(&self.globals.server_user, &ruma::presence::PresenceState::Offline)

src/service/transaction_ids/mod.rs

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use conduwuit::{Result, implement};
-use database::{Handle, Map};
-use ruma::{DeviceId, TransactionId, UserId};
-
-pub struct Service {
-	db: Data,
-}
-
-struct Data {
-	userdevicetxnid_response: Arc<Map>,
-}
-
-impl crate::Service for Service {
-	fn build(args: crate::Args<'_>) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
-		Ok(Arc::new(Self {
-			db: Data {
-				userdevicetxnid_response: args.db["userdevicetxnid_response"].clone(),
-			},
-		}))
-	}
-
-	fn name(&self) -> &str { crate::service::make_name(std::module_path!()) }
-}
-
-#[implement(Service)]
-pub fn add_txnid(
-	&self,
-	user_id: &UserId,
-	device_id: Option<&DeviceId>,
-	txn_id: &TransactionId,
-	data: &[u8],
-) {
-	let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
-	key.push(0xFF);
-	key.extend_from_slice(device_id.map(DeviceId::as_bytes).unwrap_or_default());
-	key.push(0xFF);
-	key.extend_from_slice(txn_id.as_bytes());
-
-	self.db.userdevicetxnid_response.insert(&key, data);
-}
-
-// If there's no entry, this is a new transaction
-#[implement(Service)]
-pub async fn existing_txnid(
-	&self,
-	user_id: &UserId,
-	device_id: Option<&DeviceId>,
-	txn_id: &TransactionId,
-) -> Result<Handle<'_>> {
-	let key = (user_id, device_id, txn_id);
-	self.db.userdevicetxnid_response.qry(&key).await
-}

src/service/transactions/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+use std::{
+	collections::HashMap,
+	fmt,
+	sync::{
+		Arc,
+		atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering},
+	},
+	time::{Duration, SystemTime},
+};
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use conduwuit::{Error, Result, SyncRwLock, debug_warn, warn};
+use database::{Handle, Map};
+use ruma::{
+	DeviceId, OwnedServerName, OwnedTransactionId, TransactionId, UserId,
+	api::{
+		client::error::ErrorKind::LimitExceeded,
+		federation::transactions::send_transaction_message,
+	},
+};
+use tokio::sync::watch::{Receiver, Sender};
+
+use crate::{Dep, config};
+
+pub type TxnKey = (OwnedServerName, OwnedTransactionId);
+pub type WrappedTransactionResponse =
+	Option<Result<send_transaction_message::v1::Response, TransactionError>>;
+
+/// Errors that can occur during federation transaction processing.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum TransactionError {
+	/// Server is shutting down - the sender should retry the entire
+	/// transaction.
+	ShuttingDown,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for TransactionError {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+		match self {
+			| Self::ShuttingDown => write!(f, "Server is shutting down"),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for TransactionError {}
+
+/// Minimum interval between cache cleanup runs.
+/// Exists to prevent thrashing when the cache is full of things that can't be
+/// cleared
+const CLEANUP_INTERVAL_SECS: u64 = 30;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct CachedTxnResponse {
+	pub response: send_transaction_message::v1::Response,
+	pub created: SystemTime,
+}
+
+/// Internal state for a federation transaction.
+/// Either actively being processed or completed and cached.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+enum TxnState {
+	/// Transaction is currently being processed.
+	Active(Receiver<WrappedTransactionResponse>),
+
+	/// Transaction completed and response is cached.
+	Cached(CachedTxnResponse),
+}
+
+/// Result of atomically checking or starting a federation transaction.
+pub enum FederationTxnState {
+	/// Transaction already completed and cached
+	Cached(send_transaction_message::v1::Response),
+
+	/// Transaction is currently being processed by another request.
+	/// Wait on this receiver for the result.
+	Active(Receiver<WrappedTransactionResponse>),
+
+	/// This caller should process the transaction (first to request it).
+	Started {
+		receiver: Receiver<WrappedTransactionResponse>,
+		sender: Sender<WrappedTransactionResponse>,
+	},
+}
+
+pub struct Service {
+	services: Services,
+	db: Data,
+	federation_txn_state: Arc<SyncRwLock<HashMap<TxnKey, TxnState>>>,
+	last_cleanup: AtomicU64,
+}
+
+struct Services {
+	config: Dep<config::Service>,
+}
+
+struct Data {
+	userdevicetxnid_response: Arc<Map>,
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl crate::Service for Service {
+	fn build(args: crate::Args<'_>) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
+		Ok(Arc::new(Self {
+			services: Services {
+				config: args.depend::<config::Service>("config"),
+			},
+			db: Data {
+				userdevicetxnid_response: args.db["userdevicetxnid_response"].clone(),
+			},
+			federation_txn_state: Arc::new(SyncRwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
+			last_cleanup: AtomicU64::new(0),
+		}))
+	}
+
+	async fn clear_cache(&self) {
+		let mut state = self.federation_txn_state.write();
+		// Only clear cached entries, preserve active transactions
+		state.retain(|_, v| matches!(v, TxnState::Active(_)));
+	}
+
+	fn name(&self) -> &str { crate::service::make_name(std::module_path!()) }
+}
+
+impl Service {
+	/// Returns the count of currently active (in-progress) transactions.
+	#[must_use]
+	pub fn txn_active_handle_count(&self) -> usize {
+		let state = self.federation_txn_state.read();
+		state
+			.values()
+			.filter(|v| matches!(v, TxnState::Active(_)))
+			.count()
+	}
+
+	pub fn add_client_txnid(
+		&self,
+		user_id: &UserId,
+		device_id: Option<&DeviceId>,
+		txn_id: &TransactionId,
+		data: &[u8],
+	) {
+		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
+		key.push(0xFF);
+		key.extend_from_slice(device_id.map(DeviceId::as_bytes).unwrap_or_default());
+		key.push(0xFF);
+		key.extend_from_slice(txn_id.as_bytes());
+
+		self.db.userdevicetxnid_response.insert(&key, data);
+	}
+
+	pub async fn get_client_txn(
+		&self,
+		user_id: &UserId,
+		device_id: Option<&DeviceId>,
+		txn_id: &TransactionId,
+	) -> Result<Handle<'_>> {
+		let key = (user_id, device_id, txn_id);
+		self.db.userdevicetxnid_response.qry(&key).await
+	}
+
+	/// Atomically gets a cached response, joins an active transaction, or
+	/// starts a new one.
+	pub fn get_or_start_federation_txn(&self, key: TxnKey) -> Result<FederationTxnState> {
+		// Only one upgradable lock can be held at a time, and there aren't any
+		// read-only locks, so no point being upgradable
+		let mut state = self.federation_txn_state.write();
+
+		// Check existing state for this key
+		if let Some(txn_state) = state.get(&key) {
+			return Ok(match txn_state {
+				| TxnState::Cached(cached) => FederationTxnState::Cached(cached.response.clone()),
+				| TxnState::Active(receiver) => FederationTxnState::Active(receiver.clone()),
+			});
+		}
+
+		// Check if another transaction from this origin is already running
+		let has_active_from_origin = state
+			.iter()
+			.any(|(k, v)| k.0 == key.0 && matches!(v, TxnState::Active(_)));
+
+		if has_active_from_origin {
+			debug_warn!(
+				origin = ?key.0,
+				"Got concurrent transaction request from an origin with an active transaction"
+			);
+			return Err(Error::BadRequest(
+				LimitExceeded { retry_after: None },
+				"Still processing another transaction from this origin",
+			));
+		}
+
+		let max_active_txns = self.services.config.max_concurrent_inbound_transactions;
+
+		// Check if we're at capacity
+		if state.len() >= max_active_txns
+			&& let active_count = state
+				.values()
+				.filter(|v| matches!(v, TxnState::Active(_)))
+				.count() && active_count >= max_active_txns
+		{
+			warn!(
+				active = active_count,
+				max = max_active_txns,
+				"Server is overloaded, dropping incoming transaction"
+			);
+			return Err(Error::BadRequest(
+				LimitExceeded { retry_after: None },
+				"Server is overloaded, try again later",
+			));
+		}
+
+		// Start new transaction
+		let (sender, receiver) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(None);
+		state.insert(key, TxnState::Active(receiver.clone()));
+
+		Ok(FederationTxnState::Started { receiver, sender })
+	}
+
+	/// Finishes a transaction by transitioning it from active to cached state.
+	/// Additionally may trigger cleanup of old entries.
+	pub fn finish_federation_txn(
+		&self,
+		key: TxnKey,
+		sender: Sender<WrappedTransactionResponse>,
+		response: send_transaction_message::v1::Response,
+	) {
+		// Check if cleanup might be needed before acquiring the lock
+		let should_try_cleanup = self.should_try_cleanup();
+
+		let mut state = self.federation_txn_state.write();
+
+		// Explicitly set cached first so there is no gap where receivers get a closed
+		// channel
+		state.insert(
+			key,
+			TxnState::Cached(CachedTxnResponse {
+				response: response.clone(),
+				created: SystemTime::now(),
+			}),
+		);
+
+		if let Err(e) = sender.send(Some(Ok(response))) {
+			debug_warn!("Failed to send transaction response to waiting receivers: {e}");
+		}
+
+		// Explicitly close
+		drop(sender);
+
+		// This task is dangling, we can try clean caches now
+		if should_try_cleanup {
+			self.cleanup_entries_locked(&mut state);
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn remove_federation_txn(&self, key: &TxnKey) {
+		let mut state = self.federation_txn_state.write();
+		state.remove(key);
+	}
+
+	/// Checks if enough time has passed since the last cleanup to consider
+	/// running another. Updates the last cleanup time if returning true.
+	fn should_try_cleanup(&self) -> bool {
+		let now = SystemTime::now()
+			.duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+			.expect("SystemTime before UNIX_EPOCH")
+			.as_secs();
+		let last = self.last_cleanup.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+		if now.saturating_sub(last) >= CLEANUP_INTERVAL_SECS {
+			// CAS: only update if no one else has updated it since we read
+			self.last_cleanup
+				.compare_exchange(last, now, Ordering::Relaxed, Ordering::Relaxed)
+				.is_ok()
+		} else {
+			false
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Cleans up cached entries based on age and count limits.
+	///
+	/// First removes all cached entries older than the configured max age.
+	/// Then, if the cache still exceeds the max entry count, removes the oldest
+	/// cached entries until the count is within limits.
+	///
+	/// Must be called with write lock held on the state map.
+	fn cleanup_entries_locked(&self, state: &mut HashMap<TxnKey, TxnState>) {
+		let max_age_secs = self.services.config.transaction_id_cache_max_age_secs;
+		let max_entries = self.services.config.transaction_id_cache_max_entries;
+
+		// First pass: remove all cached entries older than max age
+		let cutoff = SystemTime::now()
+			.checked_sub(Duration::from_secs(max_age_secs))
+			.unwrap_or(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH);
+
+		state.retain(|_, v| match v {
+			| TxnState::Active(_) => true, // Never remove active transactions
+			| TxnState::Cached(cached) => cached.created > cutoff,
+		});
+
+		// Count cached entries
+		let cached_count = state
+			.values()
+			.filter(|v| matches!(v, TxnState::Cached(_)))
+			.count();
+
+		// Second pass: if still over max entries, remove oldest cached entries
+		if cached_count > max_entries {
+			let excess = cached_count.saturating_sub(max_entries);
+
+			// Collect cached entries sorted by age (oldest first)
+			let mut cached_entries: Vec<_> = state
+				.iter()
+				.filter_map(|(k, v)| match v {
+					| TxnState::Cached(cached) => Some((k.clone(), cached.created)),
+					| TxnState::Active(_) => None,
+				})
+				.collect();
+			cached_entries.sort_by(|a, b| a.1.cmp(&b.1));
+
+			// Remove the oldest cached entries to get under the limit
+			for (key, _) in cached_entries.into_iter().take(excess) {
+				state.remove(&key);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

src/service/users/mod.rs

@@ -184,6 +184,12 @@ pub async fn create(
 		password: Option<&str>,
 		origin: Option<&str>,
 	) -> Result<()> {
+		if !self.services.globals.user_is_local(user_id)
+			&& (password.is_some() || origin.is_some())
+		{
+			return Err!("Cannot create a nonlocal user with a set password or origin");
+		}
+
 		self.db
 			.userid_origin
 			.insert(user_id, origin.unwrap_or("password"));