crypto: BBS scheme for anonymous credentials with multiple presentations

This commit is contained in:
Evgeny @ SimpleX Chat
2026-06-02 13:26:41 +00:00
parent ee2ff402fe
commit 9e8676b0a4
7 changed files with 458 additions and 0 deletions
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[submodule "cbits/libbbs"]
path = cbits/libbbs
url = https://github.com/Fraunhofer-AISEC/libbbs.git
[submodule "cbits/blst"]
path = cbits/blst
url = https://github.com/supranational/blst.git
Submodule
+1
Submodule cbits/blst added at db3defd0d5
Submodule
+1
Submodule cbits/libbbs added at 7fcc6ccf31
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# BBS+ Bindings for simplexmq
Haskell FFI bindings to libbbs for BBS+ signatures. General-purpose - the module knows nothing about specific applications.
## How BBS+ works
BBS+ signs a fixed list of N messages. Each message is an arbitrary byte array. The signer signs all N messages at once with one signature.
The holder of the signature can then generate a proof that selectively discloses some messages and hides others. The verifier learns the disclosed messages and confirms they were signed by the signer, but learns nothing about the hidden messages. Different proofs from the same signature are unlinkable.
Key constraint: the total number of messages N is fixed at signing time. The verifier must know N. A proof generated from a 3-message signature cannot be verified as a 2-message proof.
## Types
```haskell
newtype BBSSecretKey = BBSSecretKey ByteString -- 32 bytes
newtype BBSPublicKey = BBSPublicKey ByteString -- 96 bytes (BLS12-381 G2 point)
newtype BBSSignature = BBSSignature ByteString -- 80 bytes
newtype BBSProof = BBSProof ByteString -- 272 + 32 * numUndisclosed bytes
newtype BBSHeader = BBSHeader ByteString -- always-disclosed context (e.g. protocol identifier)
newtype BBSPresHeader = BBSPresHeader ByteString -- random nonce for proof unlinkability
```
All newtypes get StrEncoding (base64url), ToJSON/FromJSON (via strToJSON/strParseJSON), Eq, Show.
## Functions
```haskell
bbsKeyGen :: IO (BBSSecretKey, BBSPublicKey)
-- C order: sk, pk, header, messages
bbsSign
:: BBSSecretKey
-> BBSPublicKey
-> BBSHeader -- always-disclosed context
-> [ByteString] -- all N messages
-> IO (Either String BBSSignature)
-- C order: pk, signature, header, presentation_header, disclosed_indexes, messages
bbsProofGen
:: BBSPublicKey
-> BBSSignature
-> BBSHeader -- must match what was signed
-> BBSPresHeader -- random nonce bound into the proof
-> [Int] -- disclosed indexes (0-based)
-> [ByteString] -- all N messages (needed internally, hidden ones not revealed in proof)
-> IO (Either String BBSProof)
-- C order: pk, proof, header, presentation_header, disclosed_indexes, n, messages
bbsProofVerify
:: BBSPublicKey
-> BBSProof
-> BBSHeader -- must match what was signed
-> BBSPresHeader -- must match what was used in bbsProofGen
-> [Int] -- disclosed indexes
-> Int -- total message count N
-> [ByteString] -- disclosed messages only
-> IO Bool
```
## How applications use it
An application defines:
- A message layout: which index means what
- Which indexes are disclosed vs hidden
- How to encode application values as ByteString messages
### Badge example (in simplex-chat, not in this module)
Message layout (always 3 messages):
- Index 0: master secret (32 random bytes) - HIDDEN
- Index 1: expiry (UTF-8 encoded timestamp string) - DISCLOSED
- Index 2: badge type (UTF-8 encoded, e.g. "supporter") - DISCLOSED
Signing (v2, on the server):
```
bbsSign sk pk header [ms, encodeUtf8 "2026-07-31", encodeUtf8 "supporter"]
```
Proof generation (v2, on the client):
```
bbsProofGen pk sig header presHeader [1, 2] [ms, encodeUtf8 "2026-07-31", encodeUtf8 "supporter"]
```
Proof verification (v1, on the recipient):
```
bbsProofVerify pk proof header presHeader 3 [1, 2] [encodeUtf8 "2026-07-31", encodeUtf8 "supporter"]
```
The recipient only sees the proof, presentationHeader, expiry string, and badge type string. They verify these were signed by the server (pk is hardcoded). They never see the master secret.
Expiry is always present as a string. Monthly badges use a date like `"2026-07-31"`, lifetime badges use `"lifetime"`. BBS+ doesn't interpret the bytes - expiry semantics are the application's responsibility. This keeps the message count fixed at 3 for all badge types.
## libbbs C API mapping
```c
int bbs_keygen_full(ciphersuite, sk, pk)
int bbs_sign(ciphersuite, sk, pk, signature, header, header_len, n, messages, message_lens)
int bbs_proof_gen(ciphersuite, pk, signature, proof, header, header_len, presentation_header, presentation_header_len, disclosed_indexes, disclosed_indexes_len, n, messages, message_lens)
int bbs_proof_verify(ciphersuite, pk, proof, proof_len, header, header_len, presentation_header, presentation_header_len, disclosed_indexes, disclosed_indexes_len, n, messages, message_lens)
```
We use `bbs_sha256_ciphersuite`. The header parameter is exposed in all Haskell functions - the application decides what to put there. Tests use `"SimpleX"` as header.
The `presentation_header` parameter is what we call `presentationHeader`.
In `bbs_proof_verify`, the `n` parameter is the total number of messages (not the number of disclosed messages). The `messages` array contains only the disclosed messages, and `disclosed_indexes` maps each to its position in the original message list.
## Build
Submodules in cbits/:
- `cbits/libbbs` - https://github.com/Fraunhofer-AISEC/libbbs
- `cbits/blst` - https://github.com/supranational/blst (libbbs dependency)
C sources in cabal: `cbits/blst/src/server.c`, `cbits/blst/build/assembly.S`, libbbs source files.
Include dirs: `cbits/blst/bindings/`, `cbits/blst/src/`, `cbits/libbbs/include/`, `cbits/libbbs/src/`.
C flags: `-D__BLST_PORTABLE__` for cross-CPU-generation compatibility.
## Tests
- Keygen produces keys of correct size
- Sign + proofGen + proofVerify roundtrip succeeds
- Tampered proof fails verification
- Tampered disclosed message fails verification
- Wrong public key fails verification
- Two proofs from same credential with different nonces both verify
- Proof size matches expected (272 + 32 * numUndisclosed)
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@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ library
Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.File
Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.Lazy
Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.Ratchet
Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.BBS
Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.SNTRUP761
Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.SNTRUP761.Bindings
Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.SNTRUP761.Bindings.Defines
@@ -298,9 +299,22 @@ library
ghc-options: -Weverything -Wno-missing-exported-signatures -Wno-missing-import-lists -Wno-missed-specialisations -Wno-all-missed-specialisations -Wno-unsafe -Wno-safe -Wno-missing-local-signatures -Wno-missing-kind-signatures -Wno-missing-deriving-strategies -Wno-monomorphism-restriction -Wno-prepositive-qualified-module -Wno-implicit-prelude -Wno-missing-safe-haskell-mode -Wno-missing-export-lists -Wno-partial-fields -Wcompat -Werror=incomplete-record-updates -Werror=incomplete-patterns -Werror=incomplete-uni-patterns -Werror=missing-home-modules -Werror=missing-methods -Werror=tabs -Wredundant-constraints -Wincomplete-record-updates -Wunused-type-patterns -O2
include-dirs:
cbits
cbits/blst/bindings
cbits/blst/src
cbits/libbbs/include
cbits/libbbs/src
cc-options: -D__BLST_PORTABLE__
c-sources:
cbits/sha512.c
cbits/sntrup761.c
cbits/blst/src/server.c
cbits/blst/build/assembly.S
cbits/libbbs/src/bbs.c
cbits/libbbs/src/bbs_ciphersuites.c
cbits/libbbs/src/bbs_util.c
cbits/libbbs/src/compat-string.c
cbits/libbbs/src/sha256.c
cbits/libbbs/src/shake256.c
extra-libraries:
crypto
build-depends:
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{-# LANGUAGE DerivingStrategies #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DerivingVia #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}
{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
module Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.BBS
( BBSSecretKey (..),
BBSPublicKey (..),
BBSSignature (..),
BBSProof (..),
BBSHeader (..),
BBSPresHeader (..),
bbsKeyGen,
bbsSign,
bbsProofGen,
bbsProofVerify,
) where
import Data.Aeson (FromJSON (..), ToJSON (..))
import Data.ByteString (ByteString)
import qualified Data.ByteString as B
import qualified Data.ByteString.Internal as BI
import Foreign
import Foreign.C
import Simplex.Messaging.Encoding.String
newtype BBSSecretKey = BBSSecretKey ByteString
deriving newtype (Eq, Show, StrEncoding)
instance ToJSON BBSSecretKey where
toJSON = strToJSON
toEncoding = strToJEncoding
instance FromJSON BBSSecretKey where
parseJSON = strParseJSON "BBSSecretKey"
newtype BBSPublicKey = BBSPublicKey ByteString
deriving newtype (Eq, Show, StrEncoding)
deriving (ToJSON, FromJSON) via BBSSecretKey
newtype BBSSignature = BBSSignature ByteString
deriving newtype (Eq, Show, StrEncoding)
deriving (ToJSON, FromJSON) via BBSSecretKey
newtype BBSProof = BBSProof ByteString
deriving newtype (Eq, Show, StrEncoding)
deriving (ToJSON, FromJSON) via BBSSecretKey
newtype BBSHeader = BBSHeader ByteString
deriving newtype (Eq, Show, StrEncoding)
deriving (ToJSON, FromJSON) via BBSSecretKey
newtype BBSPresHeader = BBSPresHeader ByteString
deriving newtype (Eq, Show, StrEncoding)
deriving (ToJSON, FromJSON) via BBSSecretKey
-- Constants
bbsSkLen, bbsPkLen, bbsSigLen, bbsProofBaseLen, bbsProofUdElemLen :: Int
bbsSkLen = 32
bbsPkLen = 96
bbsSigLen = 80
bbsProofBaseLen = 272
bbsProofUdElemLen = 32
bbsProofLen :: Int -> Int
bbsProofLen numUndisclosed = bbsProofBaseLen + numUndisclosed * bbsProofUdElemLen
-- FFI
data BBS_Ciphersuite
foreign import ccall "bbs_keygen_full"
c_bbs_keygen_full :: Ptr BBS_Ciphersuite -> Ptr Word8 -> Ptr Word8 -> IO CInt
foreign import ccall "bbs_sign"
c_bbs_sign ::
Ptr BBS_Ciphersuite ->
Ptr Word8 -> Ptr Word8 -> Ptr Word8 ->
Ptr Word8 -> CSize ->
CSize -> Ptr (Ptr Word8) -> Ptr CSize ->
IO CInt
foreign import ccall "bbs_proof_gen"
c_bbs_proof_gen ::
Ptr BBS_Ciphersuite ->
Ptr Word8 -> Ptr Word8 -> Ptr Word8 ->
Ptr Word8 -> CSize ->
Ptr Word8 -> CSize ->
Ptr CSize -> CSize ->
CSize -> Ptr (Ptr Word8) -> Ptr CSize ->
IO CInt
foreign import ccall "bbs_proof_verify"
c_bbs_proof_verify ::
Ptr BBS_Ciphersuite ->
Ptr Word8 ->
Ptr Word8 -> CSize ->
Ptr Word8 -> CSize ->
Ptr Word8 -> CSize ->
Ptr CSize -> CSize ->
CSize -> Ptr (Ptr Word8) -> Ptr CSize ->
IO CInt
foreign import ccall "&bbs_sha256_ciphersuite"
c_bbs_sha256_ciphersuite :: Ptr (Ptr BBS_Ciphersuite)
getCiphersuite :: IO (Ptr BBS_Ciphersuite)
getCiphersuite = peek c_bbs_sha256_ciphersuite
-- Helpers
withBS :: ByteString -> (Ptr Word8 -> CSize -> IO a) -> IO a
withBS bs f = let (fptr, off, len) = BI.toForeignPtr bs
in withForeignPtr fptr $ \ptr -> f (ptr `plusPtr` off) (fromIntegral len)
withMessages :: [ByteString] -> (Ptr (Ptr Word8) -> Ptr CSize -> CSize -> IO a) -> IO a
withMessages msgs f = do
let n = length msgs
allocaArray n $ \msgsPtr ->
allocaArray n $ \lensPtr -> do
pokeMessages msgs msgsPtr lensPtr 0
f msgsPtr lensPtr (fromIntegral n)
where
pokeMessages [] _ _ _ = pure ()
pokeMessages (m : ms) msgsPtr lensPtr i = do
let (fptr, off, len) = BI.toForeignPtr m
withForeignPtr fptr $ \ptr -> do
pokeElemOff msgsPtr i (ptr `plusPtr` off)
pokeElemOff lensPtr i (fromIntegral len)
pokeMessages ms msgsPtr lensPtr (i + 1)
withIndexes :: [Int] -> (Ptr CSize -> CSize -> IO a) -> IO a
withIndexes idxs f = do
let n = length idxs
allocaArray n $ \ptr -> do
pokeArray ptr (map fromIntegral idxs)
f ptr (fromIntegral n)
-- Public API
bbsKeyGen :: IO (BBSSecretKey, BBSPublicKey)
bbsKeyGen = do
cs <- getCiphersuite
sk <- BI.create bbsSkLen $ \_ -> pure ()
pk <- BI.create bbsPkLen $ \_ -> pure ()
withBS sk $ \skPtr _ ->
withBS pk $ \pkPtr _ -> do
rc <- c_bbs_keygen_full cs skPtr pkPtr
if rc == 0
then pure (BBSSecretKey sk, BBSPublicKey pk)
else error "bbsKeyGen failed"
bbsSign ::
BBSSecretKey ->
BBSPublicKey ->
BBSHeader ->
[ByteString] ->
IO (Either String BBSSignature)
bbsSign (BBSSecretKey sk) (BBSPublicKey pk) (BBSHeader header) msgs = do
cs <- getCiphersuite
sig <- BI.create bbsSigLen $ \_ -> pure ()
withBS sk $ \skPtr _ ->
withBS pk $ \pkPtr _ ->
withBS header $ \hdrPtr hdrLen ->
withBS sig $ \sigPtr _ ->
withMessages msgs $ \msgsPtr lensPtr n -> do
rc <- c_bbs_sign cs skPtr pkPtr sigPtr hdrPtr hdrLen n msgsPtr lensPtr
pure $ if rc == 0
then Right (BBSSignature sig)
else Left "bbsSign failed"
bbsProofGen ::
BBSPublicKey ->
BBSSignature ->
BBSHeader ->
BBSPresHeader ->
[Int] ->
[ByteString] ->
IO (Either String BBSProof)
bbsProofGen (BBSPublicKey pk) (BBSSignature sig) (BBSHeader header) (BBSPresHeader ph) disclosedIdxs msgs = do
cs <- getCiphersuite
let numUndisclosed = length msgs - length disclosedIdxs
proofSz = bbsProofLen numUndisclosed
proof <- BI.create proofSz $ \_ -> pure ()
withBS pk $ \pkPtr _ ->
withBS sig $ \sigPtr _ ->
withBS proof $ \proofPtr _ ->
withBS header $ \hdrPtr hdrLen ->
withBS ph $ \phPtr phLen ->
withIndexes disclosedIdxs $ \idxsPtr idxsLen ->
withMessages msgs $ \msgsPtr lensPtr n -> do
rc <- c_bbs_proof_gen cs pkPtr sigPtr proofPtr hdrPtr hdrLen phPtr phLen idxsPtr idxsLen n msgsPtr lensPtr
pure $ if rc == 0
then Right (BBSProof proof)
else Left "bbsProofGen failed"
bbsProofVerify ::
BBSPublicKey ->
BBSProof ->
BBSHeader ->
BBSPresHeader ->
[Int] ->
Int ->
[ByteString] ->
IO Bool
bbsProofVerify (BBSPublicKey pk) (BBSProof proof) (BBSHeader header) (BBSPresHeader ph) disclosedIdxs numMessages disclosedMsgs = do
cs <- getCiphersuite
withBS pk $ \pkPtr _ ->
withBS proof $ \proofPtr proofLen ->
withBS header $ \hdrPtr hdrLen ->
withBS ph $ \phPtr phLen ->
withIndexes disclosedIdxs $ \idxsPtr idxsLen ->
withMessages disclosedMsgs $ \msgsPtr lensPtr _ -> do
rc <- c_bbs_proof_verify cs pkPtr proofPtr proofLen hdrPtr hdrLen phPtr phLen idxsPtr idxsLen (fromIntegral numMessages) msgsPtr lensPtr
pure (rc == 0)
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@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import qualified Data.X509.Validation as XV
import qualified SMPClient
import qualified Simplex.Messaging.Crypto as C
import qualified Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.Lazy as LC
import Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.BBS
import Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.SNTRUP761.Bindings
import Simplex.Messaging.Transport.Client
import Test.Hspec hiding (fit, it)
@@ -101,6 +102,14 @@ cryptoTests = do
it "should validate certificates" testValidateX509
describe "sntrup761" $
it "should enc/dec key" testSNTRUP761
describe "BBS+" $ do
it "should sign and verify" testBBSSignVerify
it "should generate and verify proof" testBBSProofRoundtrip
it "should reject tampered proof" testBBSTamperedProof
it "should reject wrong disclosed message" testBBSWrongMessage
it "should reject wrong public key" testBBSWrongKey
it "should produce unlinkable proofs" testBBSUnlinkable
it "should produce proof of expected size" testBBSProofSize
instance Eq C.APublicKey where
C.APublicKey a k == C.APublicKey a' k' = case testEquality a a' of
@@ -271,3 +280,86 @@ testSNTRUP761 = do
(c, KEMSharedKey k) <- sntrup761Enc drg pk
KEMSharedKey k' <- sntrup761Dec c sk
k' `shouldBe` k
-- BBS+ tests
bbsHeader :: BBSHeader
bbsHeader = BBSHeader "SimpleX"
bbsMessages :: [B.ByteString]
bbsMessages = ["secret_master_key", "2026-07-31", "supporter"]
bbsDisclosedIdxs :: [Int]
bbsDisclosedIdxs = [1, 2]
bbsDisclosedMsgs :: [B.ByteString]
bbsDisclosedMsgs = ["2026-07-31", "supporter"]
testBBSSignVerify :: IO ()
testBBSSignVerify = do
(sk, pk) <- bbsKeyGen
Right sig <- bbsSign sk pk bbsHeader bbsMessages
let BBSSecretKey skBs = sk
BBSPublicKey pkBs = pk
BBSSignature sigBs = sig
B.length skBs `shouldBe` 32
B.length pkBs `shouldBe` 96
B.length sigBs `shouldBe` 80
testBBSProofRoundtrip :: IO ()
testBBSProofRoundtrip = do
(sk, pk) <- bbsKeyGen
Right sig <- bbsSign sk pk bbsHeader bbsMessages
let ph = BBSPresHeader "test-nonce-1"
Right proof <- bbsProofGen pk sig bbsHeader ph bbsDisclosedIdxs bbsMessages
result <- bbsProofVerify pk proof bbsHeader ph bbsDisclosedIdxs 3 bbsDisclosedMsgs
result `shouldBe` True
testBBSTamperedProof :: IO ()
testBBSTamperedProof = do
(sk, pk) <- bbsKeyGen
Right sig <- bbsSign sk pk bbsHeader bbsMessages
let ph = BBSPresHeader "test-nonce-2"
Right (BBSProof proofBs) <- bbsProofGen pk sig bbsHeader ph bbsDisclosedIdxs bbsMessages
let tampered = BBSProof $ B.take 10 proofBs <> "\xff" <> B.drop 11 proofBs
result <- bbsProofVerify pk tampered bbsHeader ph bbsDisclosedIdxs 3 bbsDisclosedMsgs
result `shouldBe` False
testBBSWrongMessage :: IO ()
testBBSWrongMessage = do
(sk, pk) <- bbsKeyGen
Right sig <- bbsSign sk pk bbsHeader bbsMessages
let ph = BBSPresHeader "test-nonce-3"
Right proof <- bbsProofGen pk sig bbsHeader ph bbsDisclosedIdxs bbsMessages
result <- bbsProofVerify pk proof bbsHeader ph bbsDisclosedIdxs 3 ["2026-07-31", "business"]
result `shouldBe` False
testBBSWrongKey :: IO ()
testBBSWrongKey = do
(sk, pk) <- bbsKeyGen
(_, pk2) <- bbsKeyGen
Right sig <- bbsSign sk pk bbsHeader bbsMessages
let ph = BBSPresHeader "test-nonce-4"
Right proof <- bbsProofGen pk sig bbsHeader ph bbsDisclosedIdxs bbsMessages
result <- bbsProofVerify pk2 proof bbsHeader ph bbsDisclosedIdxs 3 bbsDisclosedMsgs
result `shouldBe` False
testBBSUnlinkable :: IO ()
testBBSUnlinkable = do
(sk, pk) <- bbsKeyGen
Right sig <- bbsSign sk pk bbsHeader bbsMessages
let ph1 = BBSPresHeader "nonce-contact-1"
ph2 = BBSPresHeader "nonce-contact-2"
Right (BBSProof proof1) <- bbsProofGen pk sig bbsHeader ph1 bbsDisclosedIdxs bbsMessages
Right (BBSProof proof2) <- bbsProofGen pk sig bbsHeader ph2 bbsDisclosedIdxs bbsMessages
proof1 `shouldNotBe` proof2
bbsProofVerify pk (BBSProof proof1) bbsHeader ph1 bbsDisclosedIdxs 3 bbsDisclosedMsgs >>= (`shouldBe` True)
bbsProofVerify pk (BBSProof proof2) bbsHeader ph2 bbsDisclosedIdxs 3 bbsDisclosedMsgs >>= (`shouldBe` True)
testBBSProofSize :: IO ()
testBBSProofSize = do
(sk, pk) <- bbsKeyGen
Right sig <- bbsSign sk pk bbsHeader bbsMessages
let ph = BBSPresHeader "test-nonce-size"
Right (BBSProof proofBs) <- bbsProofGen pk sig bbsHeader ph bbsDisclosedIdxs bbsMessages
B.length proofBs `shouldBe` 304 -- 272 + 32 * 1 undisclosed