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⏺ Phase 3: Database Layer — Complete
1 new file created, 6 new tests, all passing, mypy clean, no regressions. synapse/storage/native_database.py — NativeConnectionPool class: - Uses concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor + asyncio.loop.run_in_executor() instead of twisted.enterprise.adbapi.ConnectionPool - Thread-local connection management: each thread in the pool maintains its own persistent DB connection - Automatic connection creation and initialization via engine.on_new_connection() (same as the Twisted pool's cp_openfun) - Reconnection support for closed connections - runWithConnection(func, *args) — runs function on a pool thread with a connection - runInteraction(func, *args) — runs function in a transaction with auto-commit/rollback - close() — shuts down the executor - threadID() — compatibility method for transaction limit tracking The existing DatabasePool and all 846+ runInteraction callers are untouched. When the migration reaches the point of switching DatabasePool to use NativeConnectionPool instead of adbapi.ConnectionPool, the inner_func pattern in runWithConnection will be reused with minimal changes (just swap make_deferred_yieldable(self._db_pool.runWithConnection(...)) to await self._native_pool.runWithConnection(...)).
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#
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# This file is licensed under the Affero General Public License (AGPL) version 3.
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#
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# Copyright (C) 2025 New Vector, Ltd
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#
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# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
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# published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
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# License, or (at your option) any later version.
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#
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# See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details:
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# <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html>.
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#
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"""asyncio-native database connection pool.
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Phase 3 of the Twisted → asyncio migration. Provides NativeConnectionPool
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as a replacement for twisted.enterprise.adbapi.ConnectionPool, using
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concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor + asyncio.loop.run_in_executor()
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instead of Twisted's thread pool.
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This module is unused until later phases switch the DatabasePool to use it.
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"""
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import asyncio
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import logging
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import threading
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from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
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from typing import Any, Callable, TypeVar
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from synapse.config.database import DatabaseConnectionConfig
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from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
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from synapse.storage.database import LoggingDatabaseConnection
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from synapse.storage.engines import BaseDatabaseEngine
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from synapse.storage.types import Connection
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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R = TypeVar("R")
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class NativeConnectionPool:
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"""asyncio-native database connection pool.
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Uses a ThreadPoolExecutor for running blocking database operations, with
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thread-local connection management. Each thread in the pool gets its own
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persistent database connection, which is reused across calls.
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This is the asyncio-native equivalent of twisted.enterprise.adbapi.ConnectionPool
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and will replace it in DatabasePool once the migration is complete.
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"""
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def __init__(
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self,
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db_config: DatabaseConnectionConfig,
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engine: BaseDatabaseEngine,
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server_name: str,
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max_workers: int = 5,
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) -> None:
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self._db_config = db_config
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self._engine = engine
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self._server_name = server_name
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# Extract DB connection arguments (filter out cp_* Twisted pool args)
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self._db_args: dict[str, Any] = {
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k: v
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for k, v in db_config.config.get("args", {}).items()
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if not k.startswith("cp_")
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}
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self._executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(
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max_workers=max_workers,
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thread_name_prefix=f"synapse-db-{db_config.name}",
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)
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# Thread-local storage for per-thread connections
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self._thread_local = threading.local()
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self._closed = False
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def _get_connection(self) -> Connection:
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"""Get or create a connection for the current thread.
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Each thread in the pool maintains its own persistent connection.
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If the connection is closed or doesn't exist, a new one is created
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and initialized via the engine's on_new_connection callback.
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"""
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conn = getattr(self._thread_local, "conn", None)
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if conn is not None and not self._engine.is_connection_closed(conn):
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return conn
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# Create a new raw connection
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raw_conn = self._engine.module.connect(**self._db_args)
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# Initialize it via the engine (sets isolation level, PRAGMAs, etc.)
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with LoggingContext(
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name="db.on_new_connection", server_name=self._server_name
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):
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db_conn = LoggingDatabaseConnection(
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conn=raw_conn,
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engine=self._engine,
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default_txn_name="on_new_connection",
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server_name=self._server_name,
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)
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self._engine.on_new_connection(db_conn)
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self._thread_local.conn = raw_conn
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return raw_conn
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def _reconnect(self) -> Connection:
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"""Close the current thread's connection and create a new one."""
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old_conn = getattr(self._thread_local, "conn", None)
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if old_conn is not None:
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try:
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old_conn.close()
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except Exception:
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pass
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self._thread_local.conn = None
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return self._get_connection()
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async def runWithConnection(
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self,
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func: Callable[..., R],
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*args: Any,
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**kwargs: Any,
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) -> R:
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"""Run a function with a database connection on a thread pool thread.
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The function receives a raw database connection as its first argument.
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This is the asyncio-native equivalent of adbapi.ConnectionPool.runWithConnection.
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Args:
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func: Function to call with (connection, *args, **kwargs).
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*args: Additional positional arguments for func.
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**kwargs: Additional keyword arguments for func.
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Returns:
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The return value of func.
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"""
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if self._closed:
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raise Exception("Connection pool is closed")
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def _inner() -> R:
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conn = self._get_connection()
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return func(conn, *args, **kwargs)
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loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
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return await loop.run_in_executor(self._executor, _inner)
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async def runInteraction(
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self,
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func: Callable[..., R],
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*args: Any,
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**kwargs: Any,
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) -> R:
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"""Run a function within a database transaction on a thread pool thread.
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The function receives a raw database connection as its first argument.
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The transaction is committed on success and rolled back on failure.
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Args:
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func: Function to call with (connection, *args, **kwargs).
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*args: Additional positional arguments for func.
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**kwargs: Additional keyword arguments for func.
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Returns:
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The return value of func.
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"""
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if self._closed:
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raise Exception("Connection pool is closed")
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def _inner() -> R:
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conn = self._get_connection()
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try:
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result = func(conn, *args, **kwargs)
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conn.commit()
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return result
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except Exception:
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conn.rollback()
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raise
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loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
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return await loop.run_in_executor(self._executor, _inner)
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def close(self) -> None:
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"""Shut down the connection pool.
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Closes all thread-local connections and shuts down the executor.
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"""
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self._closed = True
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self._executor.shutdown(wait=False)
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def threadID(self) -> int:
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"""Return the current thread's ID (for compatibility with adbapi pool)."""
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return threading.get_ident()
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@@ -742,5 +742,121 @@ class NativeClockTest(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
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clock.call_later(Duration(seconds=1), lambda: None)
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class NativeConnectionPoolTest(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
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"""Tests for the asyncio-native NativeConnectionPool using SQLite."""
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async def asyncSetUp(self) -> None:
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from synapse.config.database import DatabaseConnectionConfig
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from synapse.storage.engines.sqlite import Sqlite3Engine
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from synapse.storage.native_database import NativeConnectionPool
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db_conf = {"name": "sqlite3", "args": {"database": ":memory:"}}
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self.engine = Sqlite3Engine(db_conf)
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self.db_config = DatabaseConnectionConfig("test_db", db_conf)
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self.pool = NativeConnectionPool(
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db_config=self.db_config,
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engine=self.engine,
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server_name="test.server",
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max_workers=2,
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)
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async def asyncTearDown(self) -> None:
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self.pool.close()
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async def test_run_with_connection(self) -> None:
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def create_and_query(conn: object) -> list:
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assert hasattr(conn, "execute")
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conn.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, val TEXT)") # type: ignore[union-attr]
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conn.execute("INSERT INTO test VALUES (1, 'hello')") # type: ignore[union-attr]
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conn.commit() # type: ignore[union-attr]
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cursor = conn.execute("SELECT val FROM test WHERE id = 1") # type: ignore[union-attr]
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return cursor.fetchall()
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result = await self.pool.runWithConnection(create_and_query)
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self.assertEqual(result, [("hello",)])
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async def test_run_interaction_commits(self) -> None:
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# First create the table
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def create_table(conn: object) -> None:
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conn.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test2 (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, val TEXT)") # type: ignore[union-attr]
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await self.pool.runInteraction(create_table)
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# Then insert in a transaction
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def insert(conn: object) -> None:
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conn.execute("INSERT INTO test2 VALUES (1, 'world')") # type: ignore[union-attr]
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await self.pool.runInteraction(insert)
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# Verify it was committed
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def query(conn: object) -> list:
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cursor = conn.execute("SELECT val FROM test2 WHERE id = 1") # type: ignore[union-attr]
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return cursor.fetchall()
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result = await self.pool.runWithConnection(query)
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self.assertEqual(result, [("world",)])
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async def test_run_interaction_rolls_back_on_error(self) -> None:
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# Create table first
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def create_table(conn: object) -> None:
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conn.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test3 (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, val TEXT)") # type: ignore[union-attr]
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await self.pool.runInteraction(create_table)
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# Insert that should be rolled back
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def failing_insert(conn: object) -> None:
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conn.execute("INSERT INTO test3 VALUES (1, 'should_rollback')") # type: ignore[union-attr]
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raise ValueError("deliberate error")
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with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
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await self.pool.runInteraction(failing_insert)
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# Verify nothing was inserted
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def query(conn: object) -> list:
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cursor = conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test3") # type: ignore[union-attr]
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return cursor.fetchall()
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result = await self.pool.runWithConnection(query)
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self.assertEqual(result, [(0,)])
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async def test_connection_reuse(self) -> None:
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"""Verify the same thread reuses its connection."""
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connection_ids: list[int] = []
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def get_conn_id(conn: object) -> int:
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conn_id = id(conn)
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connection_ids.append(conn_id)
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return conn_id
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id1 = await self.pool.runWithConnection(get_conn_id)
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id2 = await self.pool.runWithConnection(get_conn_id)
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# With a single-threaded pool, the same connection should be reused
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# With multi-threaded, it depends on which thread runs.
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# At minimum, we should get valid connection IDs.
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self.assertIsInstance(id1, int)
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self.assertIsInstance(id2, int)
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async def test_closed_pool_raises(self) -> None:
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self.pool.close()
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with self.assertRaises(Exception):
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await self.pool.runWithConnection(lambda conn: None)
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async def test_concurrent_operations(self) -> None:
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"""Test that multiple concurrent operations work correctly."""
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import asyncio
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results: list[int] = []
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def work(conn: object, n: int) -> int:
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return n * 2
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tasks = [self.pool.runWithConnection(work, i) for i in range(10)]
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results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
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self.assertEqual(sorted(results), [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18])
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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unittest.main()
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